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M.1. Cell Chemistry
M.1. Cell ChemistryM.1.1. Atoms and BondsM.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells
M.1.2.1. SugarsM.1.2.2. Fatty AcidsM.1.2.3. Amino AcidsM.1.2.4. NucleotidesM.1.2.5. The Big Picture
M.2. Biosynthesis
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M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Atom
Atomic weight of 1 = 1 x 10-23 gAtomic wt ~ 0
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M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Moles and Molar Solution
Q: How heavy is 1 more of carbon?
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M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Relative Abundance of Elements
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 5
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Electronic Shell
valency
stab
le
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 6
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Covalent and Ionic Bonds
‘strong’ weak
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 7
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Sodium Chloride
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 8
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: The Geometry of Covalent Bonds
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 9
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Different Single vs Double Bond
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 10
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 11
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: The Van der Waals Force
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 12
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: 3 representations
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 13
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Acids and Bases
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 14
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Effect of Dipoles
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 15
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Hydrogen Bonds
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 16
M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Complementary Surface
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 17
M1.2.4. Nucleotides:: Building Blocks
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 18
M1.2.1. Sugars: Sugar
Glucose: C6H12O6
Different Isoforms exist
Sugar – monosaccharides, (CH2O)n where n = 3,4,5, 6 or 8 usually
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 19
M1.2.1. Sugars: Condensation and Hydrolysis
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 20
M1.2.1. Sugars: Dissacharides
oligosaccharides
Polygosaccharides (thousands of monsaccharides)Usually used to store enegry:
Glycogen in animal and Starch in Plants
Glycoprotein, glycolipids
Carbohydrates
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 21
Cellulose vs. Amylose
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 22
Cellulose vs. Amylose
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 24
Chitin
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 25
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 26
M1.2.2. Fatty Acids: Fatty Acid
Unsaturated fat: Double bond happens somewhere along the chain.
Saturated fat: No double double bond, tend to pack together into a solid mass. Common in animal fat.
Fat – use as energy storage
Lipids – Fatty acids and their derivatives. Insoluble in water but soluble in Fat or organic solvent
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 27
M1.2.2. Fatty Acids: Cell Wall
Lipid intro
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 28
Triglyceride structure
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 29
Triglyceride formation
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 30
Saturated vs. Unsaturated fatty acids
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 31
Sat vs. Unsat lipids
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 32
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 33
M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Ionized Form and Non-ionized Form
Amino acids
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 35
Peptide bond formation
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 36
Protein structure
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 37
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 38
M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Amino Acid Chain
‘20’ different amino acids
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 39
M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Charge at the Amino Acid Side Chain
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 40
M1.2.4. Nucleotides: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 41
M1.2.4. Nucleotides: ATP, the Energy Carrier
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 42
M1.2.4. Nucleotides: DNA chain
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 43
M1.2.5. The Big Picture: Macromolecules
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 44
M1.2.5. The Big Picture : Relative Abundance
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 45
M1.2.5. The Big Picture : RNA and Protein FoldingN
on-co
vale
nt
bonds
CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 46
M1.2.5. The Big Picture : From Small Building Blocks to Large Assemblies
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