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1 M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds M.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells M.1.2.1. Sugars M.1.2.2. Fatty Acids M.1.2.3. Amino Acids M.1.2.4. Nucleotides M.1.2.5. The Big Picture M.2. Biosynthesis ------------------------------------------------- ------------------

1 M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds M.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells M.1.2.1. Sugars M.1.2.2. Fatty Acids M.1.2.3. Amino Acids M.1.2.4. Nucleotides

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Page 1: 1 M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds M.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells M.1.2.1. Sugars M.1.2.2. Fatty Acids M.1.2.3. Amino Acids M.1.2.4. Nucleotides

1

M.1. Cell Chemistry

M.1. Cell ChemistryM.1.1. Atoms and BondsM.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells

M.1.2.1. SugarsM.1.2.2. Fatty AcidsM.1.2.3. Amino AcidsM.1.2.4. NucleotidesM.1.2.5. The Big Picture

M.2. Biosynthesis

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2

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Atom

Atomic weight of 1 = 1 x 10-23 gAtomic wt ~ 0

Page 3: 1 M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds M.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells M.1.2.1. Sugars M.1.2.2. Fatty Acids M.1.2.3. Amino Acids M.1.2.4. Nucleotides

3

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Moles and Molar Solution

Q: How heavy is 1 more of carbon?

Page 4: 1 M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds M.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells M.1.2.1. Sugars M.1.2.2. Fatty Acids M.1.2.3. Amino Acids M.1.2.4. Nucleotides

4

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Relative Abundance of Elements

Page 5: 1 M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds M.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells M.1.2.1. Sugars M.1.2.2. Fatty Acids M.1.2.3. Amino Acids M.1.2.4. Nucleotides

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 5

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Electronic Shell

valency

stab

le

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 6

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Covalent and Ionic Bonds

‘strong’ weak

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 7

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Sodium Chloride

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 8

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: The Geometry of Covalent Bonds

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 9

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Different Single vs Double Bond

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 10

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 11

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: The Van der Waals Force

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 12

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: 3 representations

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 13

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Acids and Bases

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 14

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Effect of Dipoles

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 15

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Hydrogen Bonds

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 16

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Complementary Surface

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 17

M1.2.4. Nucleotides:: Building Blocks

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 18

M1.2.1. Sugars: Sugar

Glucose: C6H12O6

Different Isoforms exist

Sugar – monosaccharides, (CH2O)n where n = 3,4,5, 6 or 8 usually

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 19

M1.2.1. Sugars: Condensation and Hydrolysis

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 20

M1.2.1. Sugars: Dissacharides

oligosaccharides

Polygosaccharides (thousands of monsaccharides)Usually used to store enegry:

Glycogen in animal and Starch in Plants

Glycoprotein, glycolipids

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Carbohydrates

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 21

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Cellulose vs. Amylose

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 22

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Cellulose vs. Amylose

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 23

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 24

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Chitin

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 25

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 26

M1.2.2. Fatty Acids: Fatty Acid

Unsaturated fat: Double bond happens somewhere along the chain.

Saturated fat: No double double bond, tend to pack together into a solid mass. Common in animal fat.

Fat – use as energy storage

Lipids – Fatty acids and their derivatives. Insoluble in water but soluble in Fat or organic solvent

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 27

M1.2.2. Fatty Acids: Cell Wall

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Lipid intro

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 28

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Triglyceride structure

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 29

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Triglyceride formation

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 30

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Saturated vs. Unsaturated fatty acids

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 31

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Sat vs. Unsat lipids

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 32

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 33

M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Ionized Form and Non-ionized Form

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Amino acids

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 34

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 35

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Peptide bond formation

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 36

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Protein structure

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 37

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 38

M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Amino Acid Chain

‘20’ different amino acids

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 39

M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Charge at the Amino Acid Side Chain

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 40

M1.2.4. Nucleotides: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 41

M1.2.4. Nucleotides: ATP, the Energy Carrier

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 42

M1.2.4. Nucleotides: DNA chain

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 43

M1.2.5. The Big Picture: Macromolecules

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 44

M1.2.5. The Big Picture : Relative Abundance

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 45

M1.2.5. The Big Picture : RNA and Protein FoldingN

on-co

vale

nt

bonds

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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell 46

M1.2.5. The Big Picture : From Small Building Blocks to Large Assemblies