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OrganelleOrganelless
Very small size
Can only be observed under a microscope
Have specific functions
Found throughout cytoplasm
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Organelles Found in Cells
Examples of Organelles include:
Cell Wall – gives the cell its shape
Cell Membrane – regulates what goes in and out of the cell
Nucleus - Control center of the cell
Nucleolus - makes ribosomes
Cytoplasm – Jelly-like substance that fills the cell.
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Organelles Found in Cells
Organelles continued:
Mitochondria – Powerhouse of the cell
Ribosomes – produce proteins for the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth) – canals for movement
Golgi Bodies – wrap & export proteins
Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes
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Nonliving layer
Gives structure and shape to bacteria, plant and fungus cells.
Cell wall (not all cells)
Cell WallCell Wall
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Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells
Made of protein and phospholipids
Selectively permeable
Cell membrane
Plasma MembranePlasma Membrane
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Living layer
Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell;
Cell membrane
Cell or Plasma Cell or Plasma MembraneMembrane
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Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane;
Make up a little more than half of the cells volume;
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm of a Cytoplasm of a Cell Cell
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Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs
Examples:
chloroplast & chloroplast & mitochondrionmitochondrion
Cytoplasm
More on More on CytoplasmCytoplasm
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Controls the normal Controls the normal activities of the activities of the cellcell
Contain the DNAContain the DNA
Contains chromosomesContains chromosomes
Bounded by a Bounded by a nuclear nuclear membranemembrane
Control Organelle
Nucleus
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Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes;
Genes control cell characteristics
Nucleus
More on the More on the NucleusNucleus
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Nucleolus• Cell may have Cell may have 1 1
to 3to 3 nucleoli nucleoli• Inside nucleusInside nucleus• DisappearsDisappears when when
cell dividescell divides• Makes ribosomesMakes ribosomes
that make that make proteinsproteins
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Rod shape
Site of Cellular respiration
Cell PowerhouseCell Powerhouse
Mitochondrion( mitochondria )
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Cellular respiration
MitochondriaMitochondria
C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Carbon Dioxide
WaterGlucose(sugar)
Oxygen
ATP = Energy
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Carbon Dioxide
WaterGlucose(sugar)
Oxygen
Cellular respiration
By regulating cellular By regulating cellular respiration, Mitochondria respiration, Mitochondria regulate the amount of regulate the amount of
energy produced by the cellenergy produced by the cell
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Prodution of ProteinsProdution of ProteinsRibosomes
“Where they are made”
Site of Protein Synthesis
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Endoplasmic ReticulumFunctions in the Functions in the delivery of delivery of materials from materials from one part of the one part of the cell to anothercell to another
For example, For example, delivery of lipids and delivery of lipids and hormones produced hormones produced
by the cell to the by the cell to the cell membrane for cell membrane for
excretionexcretion
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Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth ER
lacks ribosomes & involved in the production & storage of lipids
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT
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Golgi Bodies• Stacks of Stacks of flattened flattened
sacssacs• Have a shipping side Have a shipping side
& a receiving side& a receiving side• Receive & Receive & packages packages
proteinsproteins made by ER made by ER• Transport vesiclesTransport vesicles
with modified with modified proteins pinch off proteins pinch off the endsthe ends
Transport
vesicle
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Lysosome• Contain digestive Contain digestive
enzymesenzymes• Break down food and Break down food and
worn out cell parts worn out cell parts for cells for cells
• Programmed for cell Programmed for cell death (lyse & release death (lyse & release enzymes to break enzymes to break down & recycle cell down & recycle cell parts)parts)
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Dead layerLarge empty spaces present between cellulose fibers
Freely permeable
Cell wall
Plant CellPlant Cell
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Plant CellPlant Cell
Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibers
Strong and rigidFound in plant cells
Cell wall
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Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm)
Give shape to the cell
Cell wall
Plant CellPlant Cell
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Contain the green pigment chlorophyll
Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food)
Plant Cell OrganellesPlant Cell Organelles
Chloropla
st
Process called photosynthesis
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Chloroplast cont.Chloroplast cont.
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Light Light EnergyEnergy
Carbon Dioxide
Water Glucose(sugar)
Oxygen
Converts Solar energy into Chemical energy
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Have a large central vacuole
ContainsSugars, proteins,
minerals, wastes, & pigments
Plant Cell OrganellesPlant Cell Organelles
Vacuole
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Different kinds of Different kinds of plant cellsplant cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Root Hair Cell
root hair
Guard Cells
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mitochondrion
nucleus
glycogen granule
cell membrane
cytoplasm Animal cellAnimal cell
No cell wall or chloroplastStores glycogen in the cytoplasm for food energy
vacuole
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Animal Cell OrganellesAnimal Cell Organelles
• Near the nucleusNear the nucleus• Paired structuresPaired structures• Help cell divideHelp cell divide
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Different kinds of Different kinds of animal cellsanimal cells
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium
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Similarities between Similarities between plant cells and animal plant cells and animal
cellscellsBoth have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria
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Differences between Differences between plant cells and animal plant cells and animal
cellscellsAnimal cells Plant cells
Relatively smaller in
sizeIrregular shape
No cell wall
Relatively larger in size
Regular shapeCell wall present
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