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7/27/2019 04-Atoms Molecules Ions Etc
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Drill:
Calculate the mass in kg of
material with a density of7.50 g/mL in a 2.0 m x 500.0
mm 4.00 x 105mm container. 1 cm3 = 1 mL
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Chapter 2
Atoms,
Molecules, &Ions
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Atomic Theory Elements composed of atoms
Atoms cant be changed
Compounds of multiple atoms
John Dalton
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Conservation of MassIn ordinary chemical
reactions, matter can
be neither created nordestroyed
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Constant
Composition
Compounds contain
elements that are alwaysin the same proportions
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Multiple Proportions
The elements making
up a compound will
form whole numberratios
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AtomThe smallest particle that
an element can be brokendown into and still
maintain the properties
of the element
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Nuclear AtomProved by
Rutherford & Bohr
in the famous goldfoil experiments
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Atomic Composition
Proton: in the nucleus
Neutron: in the nucleus
Electron: outside thenucleus
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ProtonIn Nucleus
+1 charge
About 1 amu in mass
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NeutronIn nucleus
Neutral in charge
Mass is about 1 amu
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ElectronOutside the nucleus
-1 in charge
Negligible massabout 1/2000 amu
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Electron ChargeDetermined by
Robert Milliken in
the famous oildroplet experiment
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Drill: Convert:
1) 23 cm/ms to km/ns2) 56 mg/nL to kg/ML
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Atomic NumberThe number of
protons in an
element
Z number
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Mass NumberThe number of
protons and
neutrons in an atom
A - number
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Nuclear Symbol A 4
X He Z 2
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Isotopes
Atoms that contain the
same number of protons,but different number of
neutrons
Z constant A variable
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Periodic TableGraphic representation
of all the elementsindicating size, charge,
electronic structure, &reactivity
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PeriodsRows which
indicate energy
level or shell orsize of the atoms
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Groups or Families
Columns which indicate
the number of electronsin the outermost energylevel determining
charge & reactivity
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Metals
Left three quarters of
the chart
Lose electrons
Become positive
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NonmetalsUpper right portionGain, lose, or share
electrons when theyreact
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MetalloidsAlong the stair-steppedline from B to At
Share properties ofmetals & nonmetals
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RadioactivityThe spontaneous
breakdown of an
unstable nucleus
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Radioactive
Decay
Alpha radiation
Beta radiationGamma radiation
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Alpha ParticleHelium nucleus2 protons & two neutrons
mass = 4 & charge = +2
Low penetrating power
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Beta ParticleHigh speed electron
Mass = 0 & charge = -1
Medium penetrating power
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Gamma RaysHigh energy
electromagnetic waveNo mass or charge
Very high penetratingpower
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Drill:List & describeeach of the three
radioactiveparticles
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CompoundA group of atoms
that are chemically
combined
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MoleculeA compoundthat can exist
by itself
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Diatomic MoleculeTwo atoms of the same
element that are
chemically combinedCl2, F2, O2
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IonCharged Particle
Cl-1
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Polyatomic IonA group of atoms
chemically combined
that together has a chargeSO4
-2
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Binary CompoundA compound made up of
two elements in any ratio
NaClMg
3P
2
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Chemical FormulaA formula that shows the
number and kinds of
atoms in a compoundCaCO3
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Molecular Formula
A formula that shows
the number and kindsof atoms in a molecule
C6H12O6
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Atomic StructureList & describe the
three subatomic
particles
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Atomic StructureFill in the Chart:
Isotope protons neutrons electrons
U-235 - - -
- 56 80 -
- - 14 13
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Calculate the atomic mass of
the element made up of thefollowing isotopes:
99.50 % H-1
0.30 % H-20.20 % H-3
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Calculate the atomic mass of
the element made up of thefollowing isotopes:
5.0 % Pu-242, 5.0 % Pu-243
80.0 % Pu-244, &10.0 % Pu-245
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Determine the number
of of atoms in each
compoundC6H12O6 NaNO3
H3PO4 Al2(SO4)3
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List & describe
each of the three
types of radiation
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Chapter 2 GeneralDefine all the Key
Terms on page 48
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Nuclear SymbolsWork problems:
11 - 18
on page 50
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Nuclear SymbolsWork problems:
19 - 24
on page 50
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Elements & PTWork problems:
27 - 88
on page 51
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NomenclatureWork problems:
45 - 48
on page 51
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NomenclatureWork problems:
55 & 56
on page 52
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