- Kinetic Theory of Mater - States of matter - Phase changes - Classes of Matter - Properties of...

MATTER

- Kinetic Theory of Mater- States of matter

- Phase changes- Classes of Matter

- Properties of Matter- Conservation of Mass

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER

a theory that matter 

is composed of small  particles, all in random motion.

Matter

STATES OF MATTER

SolidLiquidGas Plasma

SOLID Constant volume (fixed and wont

change) Constant shape VERY slow movement of particles or only

vibrate Low energy (very little energy) 4 types

IonicCovalentMolecularMetallic

LIQUID Volume is constant (same) Shape is NOT constant, it changes depending on the container Particles move more quickly Energy is higher than solid Other

Viscosity --The resistance of a liquid to flow is called its viscosity

Surface Tension -- The result of attraction between molecules of a liquid which causes the surface of the liquid to act as a thin elastic film under tension. Surface tension causes water to form spherical drops.

Vapor Pressure -- The pressure that a solid or liquid exerts when it is in equilibrium with its vapor at a given temperature.

Boiling Point -- when vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure.

GAS Not fixed Volume Not fixed Shape, will take the

shape of the container Movement of particles is

faster than a liquid Higher energy than liquid or

solid Other- all the gases more or

less obey the gas laws.  The gas laws deal with how gases behave with respect to pressure, volume, temperature, and amount.

PLASMA

Not fixed volume Not fixed shape Fastest particle movement Highest energy Plasma is an ionized gas, or a gas into which sufficient

energy is provided to free electrons from atoms or molecules and to allow both species, ions and electrons, to coexist.

plasma is a cloud of protons, neutrons and electrons where all the electrons have come loose from their respective molecules and atoms, giving the plasma the ability to act as a whole rather than as a bunch of atoms.

Plasmas are the most common state of matter in the universe comprising more than 99% of our visible universe and most of that not visible.

On earth, plasma is naturally occurring in flames, lightning and the auroras. And can be seen in neon lights

WHAT DOES TEMP AND PRESSURE DO TO MATTER?

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter

(Phet Simulation)phet.colorado.edu

PHASE CHANGES

Exothermic- reactions that release energy- Recombination- Deposition- Freezing

Endothermic- reactions that must take in energy to occur- Ionization- Sublimation- Melting

PHASE CHANGES

CLASSES OF MATTERElements

• Same and Fixed Particles

• Cant be broken down (simplest of forms)

• Only one type of atom

• Same properties throughout

• EX- Carbon, Oxygen, Gold (any atom on the Periodic Table)

Compounds

• Different but Fixed Particles

• Can be broken down into elements

• 2 or more elements in a fixed proportion

• EX- water (H2O) silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Mixtures

•Different and NOT Fixed•Can be broken down to compounds and elements and other mixtures•Properties vary•Uniformity is all different•EX- Salsa or sand

CHEMICAL VS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

- Physical Properties= properties that don’t change the make up of a substance

- Chemical Properties= properties that change the make up of a substance

CONSERVATION OF MASS

ASSIGNMENTS

You will be turning in the following for grading:Completed NotesPhase Change PosterPhysical vs Chemical Properties worksheetRoot Beer Lab Write-up