A Net-Zero World and The Greening of Aiken

Beauty in Living

Photo by John Fowler / CC-BY-2.0

Photo modified by Disenyo from photo by Paul Kempeneers / CC-BY-SA-2.5

Photo by Martin St-Amant / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Photo modified by Edfu6 from photo by Rémih / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Photo by Bill Maclay

Photo  by  Pascal  Reusch  /  CC-­‐BY-­‐SA-­‐3.0    

Photo  derived  from  photo  by  Hans  Ollermann  /  CC-­‐BY-­‐2.0    

Photo  by  Timothy  A.  Price  and  Nichole  I.  /  CC-­‐BY-­‐SA-­‐3.0    

Public  Domain  

Evolution of Energy and Settlement

Renewable / Farms and Villages Coal / Urbanization Oil / Suburbanization Farming/Renewable Coal Oil

Painting by Thomas James Judkin / Public Domain

Photograph by Michigan Department of Transportation / Public Domain

painting by Jan Brueghel the Elder / Public Domain-US

painting by Jean-François Millet / Public Domain-US

Photo by austrini / CC BY 2.0

Photo by Rand, McNally & Co / Public Domain-US

photo by Seattle Eng Co / Public Domain-US

Photo by Minesweeper / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Photo by David Shankbone / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Derivative by Maclay Architects from Otto Krebs 1874 / Public Domain-US

economy, energy, environment, equity & population

Global Challenges & Our Buildings & Community’s Impacts

photo  by  Olsen  Dave,  U.S.  Fish  and  Wildlife  Service  /  Public  Domain  

Photo by Ahron de Leeuw / CC-BY-2.0

Public Domain

Photo by Perpetual Tourist / CC-BY-2.0

Photo by John Hill / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Historical World Oil Price

Projected Oil Price Based on Historical Growth

Campus Site Plan / Analysis of Building

Design Competition Submission

Living Building

Reprinted from David Lloyd Jones, Architecture and the Environment (Woodstock, NY: The Overlook Press, 1998). 34

Integrated Design

Living Systems Building

Collaborative Design

Pre-Renovation External Conditions

Dangerous North Entrance

Thermal Breaks Brick Spalling

Uninviting South Façade & Entrance

Classrooms: • Low ceilings • Poor lighting and air quality • Inefficient cooling and heating

Hallways: •  Dark, uninviting, cramped, not allowing community interactions

Atrium: •  Cramped with angled glazing limiting view and connection to campus

Pre-Renovation Internal Conditions

Air Intake at Ground Level Creates Indoor Air Quality Problems

Biological Materials Inside of Fresh Air Intake

Mechanical Room Duct Insulation Deteriorated

Pre- Renovation Mechanical Conditions

Pre-Renovation Wall Conditions

The George D. Aiken Center - Detail at Floor Slab

WALL SECTION AT FLOOR SLAB - RENOVATED

WALL SECTION AT FLOOR SLAB - EXISTING

The George D. Aiken Center – Therm Diagrams

Existing Building Envelope New Building Envelope

Daylighting Strategy

Base of Wall

Solarium Planter

Eco Machine

Detail

Parapet

Window Head

Window Installation Drawings

EIA Benchmark from – Commercial Building energy Use Survey 2003

Wrap jamb with self-adhering air and moisture barrier sheet membrane, lapped over sill membrane.

Install backer rod and sealant from the interior side of window, to seal window frame to air barrier. Install spray urethane foam (low-expanding type) between window frame and vinyl angle from the outside (not shown.)

APPLY SPRAY AIR & MOISTURE BARRIER MEMBRANE Apply spray air and moisture barrier (Tremco Exo-Air 120) over sheet AMB around window perimeter, over base of masonry wall anchors and metal panel wall anchors.

APPLY RIGID FOAM (XPS) INSULATION Install rigid foam tight to face of AMB, cut out around wall anchors, in two layers (3” and 2”) with joints staggered. Sealant daubs hold insulation boards temporarily, masonry wall anchors retain the insulation permanently.

Seal around openings (window openings, wall anchor penetrations) and gaps with spray foam or sealant. Gaps ¼” or greater in rigid foam are sealed with spray urethane foam, less than ¼” sealed with flexible sealant.

Existing walls adjacent to Solarium receive same treatment, with less insulation.

INSTALL REMAINDER OF MASONRY (BRICK) AND METAL PANELS Install brick first, then metal panels between.

Seal joints between brick and windows, brick and metal panels, metal panels below windows (window head not sealed to allow drainage.)

THERMAL ISOLATION Dense polyurethane blocks provide thermal isolation of exterior structural elements.

The Construction Process

•  Mock-up includes as many actual building elements as possible •  Shortened construction schedule by team working through details and

installation sequences

The Construction Process

•  Treat the mock-up as the building •  All elements of the mock-up reviewed •  Aiken included smoke testing the mock-up

The Construction Process

Inspection, Inspection, Inspection •  Every aspect of the membrane: mock-up to caulking

inspected •  Apparent flaws identified by colored dots and initialed by

contractor when complete for re-inspection •  All inspections of each stage needed to pass prior to next

step starting

•  Window air and water leakage testing •  Compliance Testing

Enclosure Testing During Construction

Enclosure Testing During Construction

Window water leakage testing

Enclosure Testing Result 0.11 cfm50/sq.ft. excluding slab – 3,900 cfm50

0.079 cfm50/sq.ft. including slab

George D. Aiken Center: The Results

South Entry Renovated North Entry and Stair

EcoMachine

The updated central stair with locally sourced boulders

Green Conference Room

Open Offices

TEAM MEMBERS   OWNER TEAM University of Vermont Robert Vaughn, Director, Capital Planning and Management Paula Carlaccini, Director, Facilities Design and Construction Ken Bean, University Architect Todd Merchant, Senior Construction Administrator Mike Stevens, Construction Project Coordinator “Greening of Aiken Committee” Gary Hawley, Research Associate Carl Waite, Senior Research Analyst Alan McIntosh, Professor Deane Want, Associate Professor Don DeHayes, Professor & Former Dean Mary Watzin, Dean Eco-Machine Matthew Beam, Graduate Student John Todd, Professor Commissioning Consultant Allan Bullis , Efficiency Innovations, LLC, Envelope Inspection and Testing Building Durability Consultant Gale Associates Construction Cost Consultant Vermeulens Cost Consultants DEW Construction, Inc. Owner LEED Consultant Linda Samter

CONSTRUCTION TEAM PC Construction, General Contractor Laura Clements, Project Manager Jordan Hershman, Project Engineer John Lavoie, Site Superintendent Amie Hammer & Kaitlyn Evarts, Project Assistants St. Albans Glass, Window and Metal Panel Subcontractor Greg Swan North Stars Masonry, Inc., Masonry Subcontractor Larry Shelton Dayco, Inc., Membrane Roofing Subcontractor Dana Geno Nicom Coatings, Corp., Wall Coatings and Membranes Subcontractor John Larosa DESIGN TEAM Maclay Architects Bill Maclay, Principal Brian Leet & Tom Bodell, Project Managers Lisa Sawin, Job Captain Chris Cook, Project Assistant Energy Consultant Andy Shapiro, Energy Balance Cost Consultant DEW Construction, Inc. Kohler Lewis, Mechanical and Plumbing Engineers Joe Kohler Adam Kohler Dan Lewis Roy Swain Pearson and Associates, Electrical Engineer Alan Gould Engineering Ventures, Civil Consulting Engineer Sarah Thyng Engineering Ventures, Structural Engineer Greg Sellers Chase Engineering, Fire Protection Engineer Matt Chase