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The “Greening of Aiken” project is a model, “deep energy retrofit” on the University of Vermont campus. It demonstrates that renovation can out-perform new construction, while meeting a tight budget. This project sets an example for low energy-consuming design and construction, responsible use of natural resources, and healthy learning and work environments.
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Beauty in Living
Photo by John Fowler / CC-BY-2.0
Photo modified by Disenyo from photo by Paul Kempeneers / CC-BY-SA-2.5
Photo by Martin St-Amant / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Photo modified by Edfu6 from photo by Rémih / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Photo by Bill Maclay
Photo by Pascal Reusch / CC-‐BY-‐SA-‐3.0
Photo derived from photo by Hans Ollermann / CC-‐BY-‐2.0
Photo by Timothy A. Price and Nichole I. / CC-‐BY-‐SA-‐3.0
Public Domain
Evolution of Energy and Settlement
Renewable / Farms and Villages Coal / Urbanization Oil / Suburbanization Farming/Renewable Coal Oil
Painting by Thomas James Judkin / Public Domain
Photograph by Michigan Department of Transportation / Public Domain
painting by Jan Brueghel the Elder / Public Domain-US
painting by Jean-François Millet / Public Domain-US
Photo by austrini / CC BY 2.0
Photo by Rand, McNally & Co / Public Domain-US
photo by Seattle Eng Co / Public Domain-US
Photo by Minesweeper / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Photo by David Shankbone / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Derivative by Maclay Architects from Otto Krebs 1874 / Public Domain-US
economy, energy, environment, equity & population
Global Challenges & Our Buildings & Community’s Impacts
photo by Olsen Dave, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Public Domain
Photo by Ahron de Leeuw / CC-BY-2.0
Public Domain
Photo by Perpetual Tourist / CC-BY-2.0
Photo by John Hill / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Historical World Oil Price
Projected Oil Price Based on Historical Growth
Campus Site Plan / Analysis of Building
Design Competition Submission
Living Building
Reprinted from David Lloyd Jones, Architecture and the Environment (Woodstock, NY: The Overlook Press, 1998). 34
Integrated Design
Living Systems Building
Collaborative Design
Pre-Renovation External Conditions
Dangerous North Entrance
Thermal Breaks Brick Spalling
Uninviting South Façade & Entrance
Classrooms: • Low ceilings • Poor lighting and air quality • Inefficient cooling and heating
Hallways: • Dark, uninviting, cramped, not allowing community interactions
Atrium: • Cramped with angled glazing limiting view and connection to campus
Pre-Renovation Internal Conditions
Air Intake at Ground Level Creates Indoor Air Quality Problems
Biological Materials Inside of Fresh Air Intake
Mechanical Room Duct Insulation Deteriorated
Pre- Renovation Mechanical Conditions
Pre-Renovation Wall Conditions
The George D. Aiken Center - Detail at Floor Slab
WALL SECTION AT FLOOR SLAB - RENOVATED
WALL SECTION AT FLOOR SLAB - EXISTING
The George D. Aiken Center – Therm Diagrams
Existing Building Envelope New Building Envelope
Daylighting Strategy
Base of Wall
Solarium Planter
Eco Machine
Detail
Parapet
Window Head
Window Installation Drawings
EIA Benchmark from – Commercial Building energy Use Survey 2003
Wrap jamb with self-adhering air and moisture barrier sheet membrane, lapped over sill membrane.
Install backer rod and sealant from the interior side of window, to seal window frame to air barrier. Install spray urethane foam (low-expanding type) between window frame and vinyl angle from the outside (not shown.)
APPLY SPRAY AIR & MOISTURE BARRIER MEMBRANE Apply spray air and moisture barrier (Tremco Exo-Air 120) over sheet AMB around window perimeter, over base of masonry wall anchors and metal panel wall anchors.
APPLY RIGID FOAM (XPS) INSULATION Install rigid foam tight to face of AMB, cut out around wall anchors, in two layers (3” and 2”) with joints staggered. Sealant daubs hold insulation boards temporarily, masonry wall anchors retain the insulation permanently.
Seal around openings (window openings, wall anchor penetrations) and gaps with spray foam or sealant. Gaps ¼” or greater in rigid foam are sealed with spray urethane foam, less than ¼” sealed with flexible sealant.
Existing walls adjacent to Solarium receive same treatment, with less insulation.
INSTALL REMAINDER OF MASONRY (BRICK) AND METAL PANELS Install brick first, then metal panels between.
Seal joints between brick and windows, brick and metal panels, metal panels below windows (window head not sealed to allow drainage.)
THERMAL ISOLATION Dense polyurethane blocks provide thermal isolation of exterior structural elements.
The Construction Process
• Mock-up includes as many actual building elements as possible • Shortened construction schedule by team working through details and
installation sequences
The Construction Process
• Treat the mock-up as the building • All elements of the mock-up reviewed • Aiken included smoke testing the mock-up
The Construction Process
Inspection, Inspection, Inspection • Every aspect of the membrane: mock-up to caulking
inspected • Apparent flaws identified by colored dots and initialed by
contractor when complete for re-inspection • All inspections of each stage needed to pass prior to next
step starting
• Window air and water leakage testing • Compliance Testing
Enclosure Testing During Construction
Enclosure Testing During Construction
Window water leakage testing
Enclosure Testing Result 0.11 cfm50/sq.ft. excluding slab – 3,900 cfm50
0.079 cfm50/sq.ft. including slab
George D. Aiken Center: The Results
South Entry Renovated North Entry and Stair
EcoMachine
The updated central stair with locally sourced boulders
Green Conference Room
Open Offices
TEAM MEMBERS OWNER TEAM University of Vermont Robert Vaughn, Director, Capital Planning and Management Paula Carlaccini, Director, Facilities Design and Construction Ken Bean, University Architect Todd Merchant, Senior Construction Administrator Mike Stevens, Construction Project Coordinator “Greening of Aiken Committee” Gary Hawley, Research Associate Carl Waite, Senior Research Analyst Alan McIntosh, Professor Deane Want, Associate Professor Don DeHayes, Professor & Former Dean Mary Watzin, Dean Eco-Machine Matthew Beam, Graduate Student John Todd, Professor Commissioning Consultant Allan Bullis , Efficiency Innovations, LLC, Envelope Inspection and Testing Building Durability Consultant Gale Associates Construction Cost Consultant Vermeulens Cost Consultants DEW Construction, Inc. Owner LEED Consultant Linda Samter
CONSTRUCTION TEAM PC Construction, General Contractor Laura Clements, Project Manager Jordan Hershman, Project Engineer John Lavoie, Site Superintendent Amie Hammer & Kaitlyn Evarts, Project Assistants St. Albans Glass, Window and Metal Panel Subcontractor Greg Swan North Stars Masonry, Inc., Masonry Subcontractor Larry Shelton Dayco, Inc., Membrane Roofing Subcontractor Dana Geno Nicom Coatings, Corp., Wall Coatings and Membranes Subcontractor John Larosa DESIGN TEAM Maclay Architects Bill Maclay, Principal Brian Leet & Tom Bodell, Project Managers Lisa Sawin, Job Captain Chris Cook, Project Assistant Energy Consultant Andy Shapiro, Energy Balance Cost Consultant DEW Construction, Inc. Kohler Lewis, Mechanical and Plumbing Engineers Joe Kohler Adam Kohler Dan Lewis Roy Swain Pearson and Associates, Electrical Engineer Alan Gould Engineering Ventures, Civil Consulting Engineer Sarah Thyng Engineering Ventures, Structural Engineer Greg Sellers Chase Engineering, Fire Protection Engineer Matt Chase