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Jim Bennett (consultant for GIZ) made this presentation during the parallel session hosted by the German InternationalCooperation (Deutsche gesellschaft für internationale zusammenarbeit) , "Evaluating EITI Impact in Africa"
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The Results Chain in Resource Governance
Exemplary applications for EITI stakeholders
By Jim Bennett (GIZ consultant)
Kinshasa, May 27, 2011
The challenge of RG
• Achieve a broad consensus around the overall goals and the means to attain them,
• Identify and deal with the obstacles (including uncertainties and risks) to the achievement of these goals,
• Nurture and maintain the commitment of many stakeholders with diverse interests,
• Measure and report on progress regularly,
• Ensure the equity and sustainability of the flow of benefits.
The Results Chain
• A results chain is a set of interlinked cause-effect relationships.
• It describes a desired change and the means by which to attain it.
• The desired change relates typically to the situation, behavior and/or capabilities of a target group.
• Results chains are also known as “impact chains“ and “chains of effects“.
The Results Chain (2)A typical results chain includes the following elements:
1. Inputs = available resources (human, physical etc.)
2. Activities = processes to transform inputs into...
3. Outputs = goods and services for...
4. Outcomes = utilization of outputs by target groups or intermediaries,
5. Direct impacts on their situation, behaviour, capacity and
6. Indirect impacts in the same sense, or on a larger scale (e.g. on the MDGs).
In graphic form, a results chain can look like this:
Ou comme ça:
… or like this:
Inputs
Activities
Outputs
Outcomes (use of output)
Direct impacts
Indirect Impacts
What resources are available?
What resources are available?
What does the project team do, together with
whom and when?
What does the project team do, together with
whom and when?
What does the project produce / deliver
during the current phase?
What does the project produce / deliver
during the current phase?
What do the users do differently because
they use the outputs?
What do the users do differently because
they use the outputs?
What contribution is provided by the direct
benefit to the „big“ development goals?
What contribution is provided by the direct
benefit to the „big“ development goals?
Which direct benefit occurs because of
those changes?
Which direct benefit occurs because of
those changes?
… or like this
External contribution(donors and others)
Contribution of local partners
Contributions of private sector and civil society
Contributions of other bi- and multilateral donors
Attribution Gap
SystemBoundary
SystemBoundary
Fictive example 1: The results chain of an MSG
Fictive example 2: National EITI reporting system
Using the results chain
• To facilitate consensus building between diverse stakeholders,
• To structure complex change processes around clearly defined objectives and means,
• To serve as a frame of reference for identifying risks (obstacles) to implementation,
• To define indicators at various levels of implementation to measure progress towards expected results,
• To align expected results with available means (human resources, financing etc.) and time.
Some perspectives
• To elaborate results chains for key stakeholder groups in the extractive industries value chain,
• To align external support (e.g. from donors) to EI stakeholders’ own results chains,
• To use the results chain approach to improve risk management in the implementation of EI stakeholders’ strategies and action plans,
• To define objectively verifiable indicators based on broadly consensual results chains to measure EITI / PWYP progress at all levels.
Thank you for your attention!
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