Project managing a panda pregnancy (Iain Valentine) SCOT100915

TITLE CALIBRI LIGHT 45pt APPROX (CAPITALS) – CHARACTER SPACING: VERY LOOSE

Subtitle CALIBRI LIGHT 30pt APPROX (Title Case)

Panda Reproductive Ecology: Challenges!

Seasonally Monestrous

Fertile ~12-40ish hours per year

Pregnancy detection difficult

Pseudo-pregnancy—extended luteal phase

Cycle length varies ~90-200 days.

Delayed implantation—embryonic diapause, implantation ~30-35 days

before birth.

Oestrus Detection &Breeding • Estrogen increase typically occurs

11-14 days in advance of ovulation (shorter not uncommon)

• Estrogen will peak then suddenly/rapidly drop (but can have multiple false drops)

• Avg time of Peak to 80% drop in Estrogen for Ya is 15-18 hrs

• Optimal breeding as close to peak as possible (<24 hrs)

– Challenges: • False drops • Allow for natural breeding • Often overnight • Data Delay --- 3 to 5 hrs

• Breeding success– – Natural < Fresh Semen< Frozen

Mei Xang 2013

3/18

/13

3/25

/13

4/1/

13

4/8/

13

4/15

/13

4/22

/13

4/29

/13

5/6/

13

5/13

/13

5/20

/13

5/27

/13

6/3/

13

6/10

/13

6/17

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6/24

/13

7/1/

13

7/8/

13

7/15

/13

7/22

/13

7/29

/13

8/5/

13

8/12

/13

8/19

/13

8/26

/13

E1

G

ng

/mg

Cr

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

P4

ng

/mg

Cre

ati

nin

e

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Estrogen (E1G)

Progesterone (P4)

The number of hours during which the sun is visible (black line), with various degrees of daylight, twilight, and night, indicated by the color bands. From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray): full daylight, solar twilight (sun is visible but less than 6° from the horizon), civil twilight (sun is not visible but is less than 6° below the horizon), nautical twilight (sun is between 6° and 12° below the horizon), astronomical twilight (sun is between 12° and 18° below the horizon), and full night

Sun (Edinburgh) The length of the day varies significantly over the course of the year. The shortest day is December 21 with 6:41 hours of sunlight; the longest day is June 20 with 17:19 hours of sunlight. Daily Hours of Sunshine and Twilight

Sun (Chengdu, PR China) The length of the day varies significantly over the course of the year. The shortest day is December 21 with 10:01 hours of sunlight; the longest day is June 20 with 14:00 hours of sunlight. Daily Hours of Sunshine and Twilight

Currently once progesterone returns to baseline levels and no birth occurred, we conclude monitoring

Many possible biomarkers have been explored but we are still looking for a definitive indicator of successful

gestation and impeding parturition Prostaglandin F2a (PGF2α) has many key roles in reproduction and may be a possible biomarker

it is released by the uterus and placenta in many species and can be involved in the corpora luteal regulation,

maternal recognition, and uterine motility during labour

Ya Ya 2009

12/1

5/08

12/2

9/08

1/12

/09

1/26

/09

2/9/

09

2/23

/09

3/9/

09

3/23

/09

4/6/

09

4/20

/09

E1

G a

nd

P4 n

g/

mg

Cr

0

100

200

300

400

CP

U/m

g C

r a

nd

PG

FM

ng/m

g C

r

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

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160

180

Progesterone

Estrogen

CP

PGFM

Mei Xang 2012 (National Zoo)

4/23

/12

5/7/

12

5/21

/12

6/4/

12

6/18

/12

7/2/

12

7/16

/12

7/30

/12

8/13

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8/27

/12

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9/24

/12

Estr

og

en

an

d P

rog

este

ron

e n

g/m

g C

r

0

100

200

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600

CP

U/m

g C

r

0

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PG

FM

ng/m

g C

r

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

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180

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800

Progesterone

Estrogen

Ceruloplasmin (CP)

PGFM

0

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300

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08

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pm

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pm

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am2

5/0

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am3

1/0

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am0

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CP

(U

/mg

Cre

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P4

(n

g/m

g C

reat

inin

e)

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