Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
TITLE CALIBRI LIGHT 45pt APPROX (CAPITALS) – CHARACTER SPACING: VERY LOOSE
Subtitle CALIBRI LIGHT 30pt APPROX (Title Case)
Panda Reproductive Ecology: Challenges!
Seasonally Monestrous
Fertile ~12-40ish hours per year
Pregnancy detection difficult
Pseudo-pregnancy—extended luteal phase
Cycle length varies ~90-200 days.
Delayed implantation—embryonic diapause, implantation ~30-35 days
before birth.
Oestrus Detection &Breeding • Estrogen increase typically occurs
11-14 days in advance of ovulation (shorter not uncommon)
• Estrogen will peak then suddenly/rapidly drop (but can have multiple false drops)
• Avg time of Peak to 80% drop in Estrogen for Ya is 15-18 hrs
• Optimal breeding as close to peak as possible (<24 hrs)
– Challenges: • False drops • Allow for natural breeding • Often overnight • Data Delay --- 3 to 5 hrs
• Breeding success– – Natural < Fresh Semen< Frozen
Mei Xang 2013
3/18
/13
3/25
/13
4/1/
13
4/8/
13
4/15
/13
4/22
/13
4/29
/13
5/6/
13
5/13
/13
5/20
/13
5/27
/13
6/3/
13
6/10
/13
6/17
/13
6/24
/13
7/1/
13
7/8/
13
7/15
/13
7/22
/13
7/29
/13
8/5/
13
8/12
/13
8/19
/13
8/26
/13
E1
G
ng
/mg
Cr
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
P4
ng
/mg
Cre
ati
nin
e
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Estrogen (E1G)
Progesterone (P4)
The number of hours during which the sun is visible (black line), with various degrees of daylight, twilight, and night, indicated by the color bands. From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray): full daylight, solar twilight (sun is visible but less than 6° from the horizon), civil twilight (sun is not visible but is less than 6° below the horizon), nautical twilight (sun is between 6° and 12° below the horizon), astronomical twilight (sun is between 12° and 18° below the horizon), and full night
Sun (Edinburgh) The length of the day varies significantly over the course of the year. The shortest day is December 21 with 6:41 hours of sunlight; the longest day is June 20 with 17:19 hours of sunlight. Daily Hours of Sunshine and Twilight
Sun (Chengdu, PR China) The length of the day varies significantly over the course of the year. The shortest day is December 21 with 10:01 hours of sunlight; the longest day is June 20 with 14:00 hours of sunlight. Daily Hours of Sunshine and Twilight
Currently once progesterone returns to baseline levels and no birth occurred, we conclude monitoring
Many possible biomarkers have been explored but we are still looking for a definitive indicator of successful
gestation and impeding parturition Prostaglandin F2a (PGF2α) has many key roles in reproduction and may be a possible biomarker
it is released by the uterus and placenta in many species and can be involved in the corpora luteal regulation,
maternal recognition, and uterine motility during labour
Ya Ya 2009
12/1
5/08
12/2
9/08
1/12
/09
1/26
/09
2/9/
09
2/23
/09
3/9/
09
3/23
/09
4/6/
09
4/20
/09
E1
G a
nd
P4 n
g/
mg
Cr
0
100
200
300
400
CP
U/m
g C
r a
nd
PG
FM
ng/m
g C
r
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Progesterone
Estrogen
CP
PGFM
Mei Xang 2012 (National Zoo)
4/23
/12
5/7/
12
5/21
/12
6/4/
12
6/18
/12
7/2/
12
7/16
/12
7/30
/12
8/13
/12
8/27
/12
9/10
/12
9/24
/12
Estr
og
en
an
d P
rog
este
ron
e n
g/m
g C
r
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
CP
U/m
g C
r
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
PG
FM
ng/m
g C
r
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
600
800
Progesterone
Estrogen
Ceruloplasmin (CP)
PGFM
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
08
/04
/20
14
09
00
11
/04
/20
14
08
30
13
/04
/20
14
17
00
20
/04
/20
14
23
/04
/20
14
27
/04
/20
14
30
/04
/20
14
am
02
/05
/20
14
05
/05
/20
14
08
/05
/20
14
11
/05
/20
14
13
/05
/20
14
17
/05
/20
14
22
/05
/20
14
26
/05
/20
14
29
/05
/20
14
02
/06
/20
14
05
/06
/20
14
08
/06
/20
14
11
/06
/20
14
14
/06
/20
14
17
/06
/20
14
20
/06
/20
14
23
/06
/20
14
28
/06
/20
14
01
/07
/20
14
04
/07
/20
14
07
/07
/20
14
10
/07
/20
14
13
/07
/20
14
17
/07
/20
14
20
/07
/20
14
23
/07
/20
14
27
/07
/20
14
30
/07
/20
14
04
/08
/20
14
08
/08
/20
14
12
/08
/14
pm
15
/08
/14
pm
17
/08
/20
14
19
/08
/20
14
pm
22
/08
/14
am2
5/0
8/1
4am
28
/08
/14
am3
1/0
8/1
4am
03
/09
/20
14
am0
8/0
9/2
01
4am
CP
(U
/mg
Cre
atin
ine)
P4
(n
g/m
g C
reat
inin
e)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
08
/04
/20
14
09
00
11
/04
/20
14
08
30
13
/04
/20
14
17
00
20
/04
/20
14
23
/04
/20
14
27
/04
/20
14
30
/04
/20
14
am
02
/05
/20
14
05
/05
/20
14
08
/05
/20
14
11
/05
/20
14
13
/05
/20
14
17
/05
/20
14
22
/05
/20
14
26
/05
/20
14
29
/05
/20
14
02
/06
/20
14
05
/06
/20
14
08
/06
/20
14
11
/06
/20
14
14
/06
/20
14
17
/06
/20
14
20
/06
/20
14
23
/06
/20
14
28
/06
/20
14
01
/07
/20
14
04
/07
/20
14
07
/07
/20
14
10
/07
/20
14
13
/07
/20
14
17
/07
/20
14
20
/07
/20
14
23
/07
/20
14
27
/07
/20
14
30
/07
/20
14
04
/08
/20
14
08
/08
/20
14
12
/08
/14
pm
15
/08
/14
pm
17
/08
/20
14
19
/08
/20
14
pm
22
/08
/14
am
25
/08
/14
am
28
/08
/14
am
31
/08
/14
am
03
/09
/20
14
am
08
/09
/20
14
am
Cre
atin
ine
(mg/
ml)
0
50
100
150
200
0
50
100
150
200
02
/06
/20
14
30
/06
/20
14
03
/07
/20
14
06
/07
/20
14
09
/07
/20
14
12
/07
/20
14
15
/07
/20
14
18
/07
/20
14
21
/07
/20
14
24
/07
/20
14
28
/07
/20
14
01
/08
/20
14
05
/08
/20
14
11
/08
/20
14
13
/08
/20
14
16
/08
/20
14
18
/08
/20
14
20
/08
/20
14
22
/08
/20
14
am
23
/08
/14
pm
26
/08
/20
14
28
/08
/20
14
pm
29
/08
/20
14
pm
31
/08
/20
14
md
1/0
9/2
01
4p
m
02
/09
/20
14
pm
06
/09
/20
14
am
PG
FM n
g/m
l
Date
P4
ng/
ml
This presentation was delivered at
an APM event
To find out more about upcoming
events please visit our website
www.apm.org.uk/events
