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Social Innovation Exchange_ Seoul The ‘ Popular’ and ‘Alternative’ in dialogue
NARESH V NARASIMHAN (SEPT-2013)
BANGALORE c.1990 2
GARDEN CITY TO SILICON VALLEY
3
1990’sBANGALORE CITY LIMITS
4.0 Million
0.5 Million
280 km2
6.2 Million
1.4 Million
532 km2
9.6 Million
4.0 Million
851 km2
2000’s 2012
Source : Bangalore Traffic PoliceSource : Census data, KarnatakaSource : Soft Mobility, Possibilities for the Indian Context, Seven High Street 4
Source : Bangalore Traffic Police
1200 vehicles registered in the city daily
YEAR1980 1985 1990 1995 19991997 2001 20072004 20101996 2000 20062003 20091998 2002 20082005 2011
TRA
FFIC
(MIL
LIO
NS)
1.5L
40L
EXPONENTIAL INCREASEGrowth rate over years
4.2Mil
0.15Mil
1200 vehicles registered in the city daily5
4.2 Million vehicles in the city3.7 Million vehicles are privately ownedPeople : Vehicle : : 3 :1 (for Bangalore City)
Source : Bangalore Traffic Police6
EXCESS MOTORISATION
AND ITS IMPACT ON
URBAN QUALITY OF LIFE
LOSS OF URBAN ‘LIVING SPACE’
AIR POLLUTION
ACCIDENTSMotorisation with poor
pedestrian facilities leads to accidents.
NOISE Transport is one of the main
sources of urban noise pollution.
VISUAL INTRUSIONShort sighted projects to ‘improve’
infrastructure cause more harm than good.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCYTraffic congestion, pollution, accidents and delays result in significant direct and indirect
costs.
THE BIG PICTUREUrban realm and motorisation impacts
More Vehicles occupies more space
Increased vehicular traffic causes environmental degradation and
increased health problems.
7
Source : Bangalore Mirror, Un-Jam Bangalore
Average peak hour speeds reduced to 10-12km/hrCongestion delay losses amounting USD 32 Million in the city/ year
240 man hours wasted in traffic/ year/ person
8
Asthma rates increased by 10 times in the last 16 yearsAt 75km/hr, an automobile emits 6.4g of Carbon Monoxide/km; at 10km/hr, an automobile emits 33g of Carbon Monoxide/km
Source : Deccan Herald, April 20139
MODAL SPLIT ON THE INDIAN STREETS
10
Private Vehicles make up nearly 88% of motor vehicles on Bangalore’s StreetsYet account for only 37% of the total trips in the city
Source : A study of the autorickshaw sector in Bangalore City, CiSTUP, Dec 2012Source : Bangalore Traffic Police 11
To counter growing numbers, nearly 400km of new roads planned at a cost of USD 600 Mil4500 km of existing road length = 8.4% of city built up area
THIS FLYOVER WAS BUILT TO CLEAN THE MESS MADE BY THE LAST FLYOVER...THAT CLEANED THE MESS OF THE LAST FLYOVER...THAT CLEANED THE MESS OF THE LAST FLYOVER....THAT CLEANED..
Source: Bangalore Mobility Indicators, DULT 200812
Large scale infrastructural costs associated with Mass Transit Solutions
Source : Namma Bengaluru website13
• Unresolved measures to address last mile connectivity • Insufficient frequency of services• Lack of reliability• Fixed origins, destinations, routes and stops• Not integrated with other modes of transport• Large infrastructural costs• Existing Public Transport inconvenient and crowded carrying 50% of the
commuting public
Popular ‘ PUBLIC MODE ‘of transportation_ is not the best alternative
14
need for an IDEAL _ ALTERNATIVE to demotorise
15
HAIL TAXIS
TAXI
TAXI
INTEGRATED WITH OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORT
LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY
EASY MODE OF PAYMENT
SAFE, PROFESSIONAL, COMFORTABLE
SMART / INTEGRATED METHODS USED TO LOCATE
TAXI STANDS AT 500 M
24 X 7 CONNECTIVITY
SHARED SYSTEM : PRIVATE MODE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
New mode of public - private transportation
16
THE CURRENT INDIAN POLITICAL SCENARIO
A culture of ‘freebies’ and subsidies at the central and state level
17
The Hail Taxi : A form of ‘Urban Freebies’ ?Subsidising Taxi’s as public transport
18
TAXI
Mode-wise cost/ km/ vehicle in Bangalore
(USD)*
COMPARING MODES
Average Running Distance covered per
day (km)**
200
215
120
0.01-0.06
0.27
0.16
Fare/km (USD)
0.02
0.16
0.10
*Source : A Study of the Auto-Rickshaw sector in Bangalore city, CiSTUP, IISc, December 2012**Source : Bangalore Mobility Indicators 2008, DULT
Source : BMTC website
Source : ILFS, RITES report India / Managing Traffic Demand in Bangalore
25
26
0.11
0.03Source : A Study of the Auto-Rickshaw sector in Bangalore city, CiSTUP, IISc, December 2012
Source : A Study of the Auto-Rickshaw sector in Bangalore city, CiSTUP, IISc, December 2012
Source : Bangalore Mobility Indicators 2008, DULT
19
Comparing the Hail Taxi and the 2 wheeler
Cost of using a Hail Taxi is 25% cheaper than using a 2 wheeler
Monthly cost to operate (Including maintenance) = USD 45
Monthly cost to use = USD 34Fare/ km = USD 0.07
20
Total reduction in the number of private vehicles on the road is 2.9 Mil (total of 4.2 Mil)Replaced by Hail Taxis to cater to the existing number of daily trips in the city
2.3 Mil
0.6 Mil CONVERT TO NEW ALTERNATIVE MODE
Assuming 80% of 2 wheelers transition to the Hail Taxi
Assuming 80% of 4 wheelers transition to the Hail Taxi
TRANSITIONING VEHICLES TO THE HAIL TAXI
21
TAXI
TAXI
30 TRIPS IN A DAY**
1 60 PASSENGERS
SERVED= =
Transportation demand management solution, rather than being a supply side solution
INTRODUCTION OF ~2,60,000 CABS CAN COVER NEARLY 42% OF THE DAILY TRIPS IN BANGALORE CITY
Number of daily trips in Bangalore = 14.4 million*
* Bangalore’s per capital trip rate (PCTR) is 1.5; Population is 9.6 Mil. Daily trips in Bangalore City = 9.6X1.5 = 14.4 Mil** Assuming a taxi can make 2 trips in an hour and serve 2 passengers per trip
0.13 Mil
Assuming all Autos are replaced
by Hail Taxis
0.13 Mil
22
DEMOTORISATIONManaging the traffic volume
TAXI
Vehicle (Mil) 0.5M 1M 1.5M 2.0M 2.5M
Source : De-motorising BangaloreSource : PVK Group of Companies, Unlocking Bangalore
REDUCING TRAFFIC NUMBERS USING THE HAIL TAXI CAN BE ACHIEVED BY THE INTRODUCTION OF 2,60,000 HAIL TAXIS ON THE STREETS
RESULTING IN NEARLY 2.8 MILLION VEHICLES OFF THE STREETS
Existing
Ideal
23
YEAR1980 1985 1990 1995 19991997 2001 20072004 20101996 2000 20062003 20091998 2002 20082005 2011
TRA
FFIC
(MIL
LIO
NS)
1.5L
UPON INTRODUCTION OF THE HAIL TAXISExpected decline in traffic
65% reduction in vehicular numbers on the roads
1.4 Mil
0.15 Mil
4.2 Mil
Source : De-motorising BangaloreSource : PVK Group of Companies, Unlocking Bangalore 24
EXPECTED OUTCOMES DUE TO DEMOTORISATION IN THE CITY
• Improved Air Quality and Public Health• Road surfaces transformed into active public assets• Road Narrowing scheme
25
EXPECTED OUTCOMES DUE TO DEMOTORISATION IN THE CITY
• Decrease in number of accidents• Further reduction of vehicular traffic by introducing Bus Rapid Transit System• Investment in heavy infrastructure curtailed
26
Detroit was the fifth largest city in 1950 with population of 1.9 Million people.Source : Woodward Avenue Detroit 1917 27
Detroit city in 2000 with population of 0.9 Million people.Detroit Michigan 28
RICKSHAW DRIVERS TRAINED TO
BECOME HAIL TAXI DRIVERS
GUARANTEED SALE OF 0.26MIL*
VEHICLES ANNUALLY
ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL GAIN COSTS
LOSSES FROM TAXREVENUES**=
PROTESTS FROM AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
PROTESTS FROM AUTORICKSHAW
COMMUNITY
* Bangalore registered nearly 0.32 Million vehicles in 2012** Projected State-wise total tax on vehicles in 2013-14 for Karnataka State is USD 600 Million
expected pitfalls
29
