Upload
tapas
View
70
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
K A T H A R I N A R A A B – PhD Candidate
email: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. R A L F W A G N E R – Marketing
email: [email protected]
Green-Tourism for Small Island Developing States
Almost all developing and emerging countries face one big problem:
Situation is Worsening:
increase in income -> increase in consumption,
improving living conditions, industrialization,
product packaging, etc.
Negative
Consequences:
pollution of the
oceans, streets, air,
groundwater, human
health, etc.
W A S T E !
Amount of Waste is Increasing World Wide
Small Islands States (SIS) Waste Production per capita
Trinidad and Tobago 14.40 kg/capita/day
Antigua and Barbuda 5.50 kg/capita/day
Sri Lanka 5.10 kg/capita/day
Barbados 4.75 kg/capita/day
St Lucia 4.35 kg/capita/day
Seychelles 2.50 kg/capita/day
Mauritius 1.01 kg/capita/day
Source: World Economic Forum 2015
12 times the world
average of 1.2 kg.
(Germany 1.7kg)
What do We Know?
• unclear allocation of responsibilities
• lack of financial flexibility
• unspecific policy
• low engagement in new technologies &
suppliers for waste sorting
• government implement
waste management goals
in its policies and plans
+ -
Country
• waste production per capita per day is too
high
• landfilling quotes increasing every year ->
risk of saturation of landfilling
• recycling quotes are too low & no circular
economy
• little natural resources
• Seychelles Sustainable
Tourism Label
• recycling of PET bottles,
glass, cans and paper
Government
People• consumers demonstrate a
willingness to recycle
• peoples purchase decisions:
quality over price
• recognizing the waste
problem
• buying cheap, disposable goods
• mixed environmental awareness
• unpredictable disposal behavior
Homepage Link:
http://www.wasteproject.de
Case Studies - Mauritius
Positivism BiasNGO - Recycling & Sustainable Environment
Positive Examples - Mauritius
A Corporate Social Responsibility Project of the Rogers Group
Plankton currently recycles 400 tons per year and
expect to increase this to 6000 tons which will
represent 50% of total glass waste and 2% of total
waste in Mauritius.
Uses of Recycled Glass:
From
To
Positive Examples - Mauritius
1. Waste from food processing is collected � Transfer to “Kitchen Garden”
2. Fruits and vegetable waste � Process to compost
3. Compost is used for planting of vegetables � Replaces chemical
fertilizers
4. Rain water collection and storage for watering the “Kitchen Garden”
5. Fresh herbs fruits and vegetable from “Kitchen Garden” to production
Positive Examples - Mauritius
Facts Outlined by Ahrim
• Waste collection, sorting and recycling is not
properly supported & lack of existing policy
• Waste management is a business, requiring
organization
• Tourism produces less than 3% of total solid waste
• No programs for households’ motivation for waste
sorting and disposal
• National policies and actions are necessary -
taxation of payment for national services have lost
meaning but are important for e.g. concerning
public health with respect to solid waste
management
For a Sustainable Tourism Industry
Ideas for the Hotel Industry
• Labels: Eco-Tourism / Eco-Lodging / Eco-Labelling
or Eco-Classification
• Green labelling for the hotel industry (almost 50%
do high level of waste sorting, about 20% were not
engaged in any form of waste sorting)
• Handbook and national programs for waste
management & energy efficiency guidelines
International Air Transport AssociationCase Studies - Mauritius
Aircraft Cabin Waste
• Lack of Cabin Waste Recycling
• As per IATA , average passenger generates 1.4 kg of waste per flight
• 4.9 million tons of cabin waste in 2016
• Waste bill of $790 million
• With the pax growth, double in the next 10 years
Food Waste
• IATA research also indicates that over 20% of cabin waste comprises of untouched/unconsumed food and beverages
• Food waste is recognized as a major environmental challenge
• UNEP estimation – 1/3 of food produced in the world gets lost or wasted
Airline Cabin Waste Assessment
• Lack of standard waste monitoring protocols
• Low awareness of appropriate waste management treatment options- recycling & disposal
• No incentive for Service partner contracts to minimize and recycling
• Low recycling participation rates (crew awareness/motivation)
Way Forward
• Develop a holistic approach to cabin waste management including waste minimization; recovery/reuse; donation; recycling and alternative waste disposal options
• Vision of the airline industry is aiming at a ZERO Waste
Flight to support the planet earth
Community Involvement for Green Tourism
Managers Employees Guests
Improvement for Waste Collection
Need for new
Processes &
Business Models
Interaction / Synergy of all participants is necessary
Example of Plankton Glass Recycling - Mauritius
Plankton: First process was manual – insanity.
Pyrolysis-based waste processing plant
transforming recyclable materials to energy, gas
and fluids (BTX) at the same time.
Innovative Infrastructure
and Technology
Plankton education for disadvantaged individuals
living in Mauritius
Conclusion
http://www.mu.undp.org/content/mauritius_and_seychelles/en/home/operations/funding_
delivery.html
Funding Opportunities
Homepage Link:
http://www.wasteproject.de