- 1.Political Context ofInternational TourismTDM 458Ara
Pachmayer
2. GeopoliticsGeographic and Political factorsinfluencing a
nation or regionAlso demography, economics, history 3.
Pre-requisites forinternational tourism Diplomatic recognition,
reciprocal relations Negotiate agreements ontrade, visas, commerce,
transportation, consular rights Exchange consular and
ambassadorialofficials Establish facilities and procedures for
issuingpassports and visas 4. Types of DiplomaticRecognitionde jure
- highest level, given to agovernment with legal franchise
ormandate from its citizensde facto - lesser recognition, may
betemporaryNo recognition - complete absence ofdiplomatic
relationship (North Korea) 5. Consulates and Embassies In the US
this falls under the Department ofState (DOS) US has embassies in
major capitals of theworld Consulates are representative offices
insmaller or secondary cities - MexicanEmbassy in DC but Mexican
Consulate inPhoenix 6. Role of US Consular Offices Protect US
citizens abroad Provide services for distressed US citizensabroad
Promote US interests abroad Report accidents involving US civil
aircraftabroad Report disasters involving US vessels Aircrafts
Ships 7. Role of US Consular Officescont. Provide documentation for
non-immigrants(tourists) visiting the US on a temporarybasis -
issuing visas for visitors who needthem Work with other federal
agencies such asDHS, DOT, DOA, FBI, INTERPOL, CIA, CDC,et. 8. Visa
Agreements US visa policy is mostly an extension of itsimmigration
policy Visa Agreements are negotiations between countries For
example - Visa Waiver programsEstablished to promote inbound
tourism to theUS in 1988 between US, UK and JapanTravel for 90 days
or less for business orpleasure without a visa but with a
validpassportExpanded to 22 countries in 1993More than 30 million
had used the program by1995 9. Warning: Influence of
Non-tourismPolicies/rules Customs and immigration policy can
facilitate orhinder international visitation Currency / exchange
rate policies directly affectsdestination cost competitiveness
Foreign investment policy can affect availability ofinvestment
capital Taxation affects costs and thus profitability Environmental
policy limits growth and access toattractive but sensitive areas
Local zoning policy can restrict or encourage specifictypes of
tourism facility development 10. US Foreign PolicyCurrent Travel
Warningshttp://travel.state.gov/ 11. Mexico after DOS
travelwarninghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOTgtbDfnfQ&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzpsGaSxFNU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voNbCP3I3oI
12. CIA World
Factbookhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/provides
information on the history,people, government, economy,geography,
communications,transportation, military, and transnationalissues
for 267 international localesInformation 13. Centers for Disease
ControlTravelers Healthhttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/Health
Information of over 200international destinationsCan impact tourism
arrivals to adestination 14. World Tourism Organization(WTO)
www.world-tourism.org Most widely recognized organization in
tourism Established: 1925 Goals: Working to support the UN
Millennium DevelopmentGoals Serves as a global forum Transfers
tourism know-how Produces statistics and market research Developed
tourism human resources Works to facilitate travel- pp, visa.
Promotes sustainability (Culture, Environment) Regional
offices-liaison with the government Special Projects Members:145
countries, seven territories and >350 Affiliate
Membersrepresenting local government, tourism
associations,educational institutions, private sector
companies,including airlines, hotel groups and tour operators. 15.
Tourism and the MillenniumDevelopment Goals End Poverty and Hunger
* Universal Education Gender Equality * Child Health Maternal
Health Combat HIV/AIDS Environmental Sustainability * Global
Partnership *
