2. What are some ways that Europe has hada global influence
throughout history?How might this impact tourism?
3. EU countries (and neighbors)Eastern Europe (former USSR
sphere ofinfluence)Former USSR
4. The richer countries inEurope Germany France U.K. Italy
Scandinavia Benelux (Belgium,Netherlands, Luxembourg) Poorer
countries Spain Greece Portugal Not EU members Switzerland,
Norway,Iceland Eastern EuropenewEU members
5. Recognition of importance of tourism industry Madrid
Declaration of 2010 Consolidated Tourism Policy more
integratedapproach Consolidate the image and profile of Europe
Strengthen sustainable competitiveness of tourism Maximize
potential of EU financial policies to developtourism
Development/re-development projects Creation of the Schengen Area
Common Currency Great benefit to tour operators and tourists
alike!
6. Leader+European Regional Development Fund The ERDF aims to
strengthen economic andsocial cohesion in the European Union
bycorrecting imbalances between its regions InterregEuropean Social
Fund The ESF sets out to improve employment and jobopportunities in
the European Union
7. Only for very wealthy in pre- or early-railroad era Gardens
Spas EducationIncrease through WWI Passport controls broke down
through WWI Before WWI you could travel without a passport After
WWI passport needed which was notaccessible to all
8. Sharp increase 1950-1970s Airline industry Traditional
resorts (Spanish islands, Riviera, BlackSea)Sharp increase 1990s
Eastern European destinations (collapse of USSRand independence)
More remote locationsChanges in tourism geography over time Over
time more people started to travel to EasternEurope
9. 2008 - Arrivals stagnate growing by only0.3%, Expenditures
declined by 1% 2010 - grew by 3% finally some recovery,
thoughexpenditures declined by .4% Northern and Western Europe hurt
the worst in 2008 Netherlands declined by -8%, 10% growth in 2010!
France -3%, 0% growth in 2010 UK -2%, still negative growth in 2010
2011 Europe 1 of the fastest growing regions (+6%) Tourism to
Europe accounts for 51% of worlds arrivalsand 45% of
expenditures
10. High in smaller states E.g., Cyprus, Estonia, Malta High in
summer home states E.g. , Portugal, Spain Moderately high in most
of Europe 8 to 14% Low in least-developed states Romania , Serbia,
Macedonia
11. Negative population growthImmigration from colonialism
Results in VFR tourism both inbound andoutboundAging Population May
curtail travel to some regions and increasetravel to other
regions
12. 58% of Europeanstook at least oneholiday of fourconsecutive
nightsaway from home Close to 75% innorthern Europe
13. France: 39 days Germany: 27 days Netherlands: 25 days Great
Britain: 23 days Canada: 20 days United States: 12 days Accepted
vacation periods, e.g. Midsummer in Sweden, Finland, Estonia
Pentecost in Bavaria August in Italy July August in France (through
to La Rentre)
14. More people stayingcloser to home Larger decline
intraditionaldestinations 2008 -> 2009 More people planto travel
withincountry (43% >48%) More people planto travel to non-Euro
countriesNYTimes
17. Nordic States/ScandinaviaWestern EuropeMicrostatesEastern
Europe
18. Economic crisisIsolationNatural DisastersFishing v.
tourismViking heritageNature
19. EU Types of Tourism Vikings Fjords Ancestral tourism
Cottages
20. Liberal country in the Nordic region Royal family Cottages
Cross-border shopping Nature Allemansrtten the Right of Public
Access @sweden Twitter http://curatorsofsweden.com/about/#content
Influence on Tourism?
21. LakesLaplandSecond homesRelationship with Russia and
EstoniaSami culture
22. Includes UK (Scotland, England, Wales, N.Ireland) and the
Republic of Ireland Contentious issues to say British IslesIssues
Terrorism Separatist movements and nationalism EUTypes of
Tourism
23. MEDITERRANEANEUROPE
24. History Issues in Tourism Tourism Development Large
developments in the coastal regions TerrorismSeparatism
25. Heritage and Cultural Sites More WHS than any other
countryIssues Low or negative population growth Rural country,
agricultural, move to tourismdevelopment as unable to maintain
agricultural positionwithout children to take over Costal
Development for tourism Same as SpainVenice Flooding
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/12/venice-floods-photos_n_2115886.html
26. Role in historyEmpire and center of the worldArchipelago
situationConflict with MacedoniaEconomic situationNew Markets for
tourism
27. Small size Small populations Small economies Postage Stamp
Countries TourismVery important part of the economy of
mostmicrostates Countries Andorra Monaco San Marino Liechtenstein
Vatican City SMOM collection of buildings within a palazzo inMalta
is it even a country??
28. Tourism under communismCollapse of Communism
(1989-1992)Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Yugoslaviaand
CzechoslovakiaResulting instability, political unrest andother
problems for the region All of which creates challenges for
tourism
29. Yugoslavia formerly the mosteconomically attractive
EasternEuropean country Not aligned with USSR (not quite as
tightlycontrolled economically) Death of strongman Tito (in 1980)
put an end tostability (though signs of ethnic tension go as
farback as 1970s) However....multiple ethnicities, nationalitiesand
religions
30. War from 1990 orso on to recent(GenerallyPeaceful now)
Genocide / ethniccleansing
31. Tourism in Eastern Europe led to major increase in arrivals
(VFR and Leisure) Increased travel by East Europeans out of the
region Countries Hungary Lake, second home, diaspora, spa tourism
Czech Republic Heritage cities, nature, cosmopolitan and historic
cityof Prague, popular with expats, diaspora tourism Slovakia Less
developed, nature-based tourism in mountainsalong border with
Poland
32. Poland Diaspora travel, heritage cities, holocaust Direct
flights from Chicago and other US cities toPoland on LOT airlines
Albania Underdeveloped, before and after communism Slovenia
Mountains and natural features, historic cities,closeness to Italy
helps tourism Croatia Coastal resorts, heritage cities Estonia less
expensive, WHS, well preserved, Cruises Romania Communist heritage,
Dracula tourism
33. Geographically and, to some extent culturally, a part of
Asia and theMiddle East However, Turkey sees itself as part of
Europe Secular rule, but some degree of political repression
Campaigning for admission to EU Economic benefits Also, Turkey and
Greece historically enemies -- and Greece is part of EU Formal
applicant, but admission not likely any time soon (cultural
issues,size, politics) Politically stable (authoritarian govt), but
its an unstable region
