World steel scenario2011 12

• Overview • Indian Economy Outlook

• Production Pattern

• Consumption pattern

• Export

• Indian production scenario

• Economic parameters

KNOW YOUR ORGANISATION VERSION III JANUARY 2011 Page 2

•• IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN

•• BBAACCKKGGRROOUUNNDD PPEERRSSPPEECCTTIIVVEE

•• GGRROOWWTTHH OOFF IINNDDIIAANN SSTTEEEELL SSEECCTTOORR

•• OOUUTTLLOOOOKK FFOORR IINNDDIIAANN EECCOONNOOMMYY

•• WWOORRLLDD SSTTEEEELL PPRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN ((IINN MMTT))

•• CCOOUUNNTTRRYY WWIISSEE SSTTEEEELL PPRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN ((22000099))

•• TTHHIIRRTTYY LLAARRGGEESSTT SSTTEEEELL CCOOMMPPAANNIIEESS OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRLLDD

•• AAPPPPAARREENNTT UUSSEE OOFF SSTTEEEELL ((IINN KKGG//PPEERRSSOONN//YYEEAARR))

•• YYEEAARRWWIISSEE WWOORRLLDD CCOONNSSUUMMPPTTIIOONN OOFF SSTTEEEELL ((IINN

KKGG//PPEERRSSOONN//YYEEAARR))

•• CCOONNSSUUMMPPTTIIOONN OOFF SSTTEEEELL IINN IINNDDIIAA ((IINN KKGG//PPEERRSSOONN//YYEEAARR))

•• CCOONNSSUUMMPPTTIIOONN PPAATTTTEERRNN OOFF SSTTEEEELL IINN IINNDDIIAA ((IINN

KKGG//PPEERRSSOONN//YYEEAARR))

•• SSEECCTTOORRWWIISSEE CCOOMMPPOOSSIITTIIOONN OOFF CCOONNSSUUMMPPTTIIOONN OOFF SSTTEEEELL IINN

IINNDDIIAA

•• EEXXPPOORRTT AANNDD IIMMPPOORRTT TTRREENNDD IINN IINNDDIIAA ((IINN ‘‘000000 TTOONNNNEESS))

•• EECCOONNOOMMIICC IINNDDIICCEESS

GGlloobbaall SScceennaarriioo && IInnddiiaann SStteeeell IInndduussttrryy


Introduction Though Iron and steel have been used by men for almost 6000 years, yet the modern form of iron and steel industry came into being only during the 19th century. The growth and development of iron and steel industry in the world until the Second World War was comparatively slower. But the industry has grown very rapidly after the Second World War. World production of steel, which was only 28.3 million tonnes (MT) in 1900, rose to 695 MT by 1992. The oil crisis of the seventies affected the entire economy of the world including the steel industry. The position started improving after 1983 and peaked at 780 MT in 1989. World Steel production is around 1322MT in 2007. Background Perspective The history of Indian integrated Steel Plants dates back to 1907-08 when the Tatas set up a steel plant (TISCO) with an installed capacity of 1,00,000 tonnes p.a. at Jamshedpur,. Marketing of Iron & Steel was then governed by the natural market forces of demand and supply. It was only in 1923 - 24 that the GOI initiated actions to protect Indian Steel industry from the stiff competition from imported steel. Rolling units started in late 1920s and in 1946 there were32 registered units with a capacity of 140,000 TPA . Shortage of bars / rods in late 50’s forced the Govt. to encourage the growth of re-rollers and by 1946, 431 registered units came into existence with a total capacity of 4.7 million tonnes. On the eve of independence India had three integrated Steel Plants viz... Tata Iron & Steel Company, Mysore Iron & Steel Works (MISW)and Indian Iron & Steel Company. The real boost to steel production in India began during second to fourth five year plan when integrated steel plants under public sector were set up (Durgapur,Rourkela & Bhilai) and for their management, Hindustan Steel Ltd. was formed. HSL Plants ( Rourkela , Durgapur)came during 1960’s followed by Bokaro Steel Ltd which was incorporated as a separate company in July,1964 and Rastriya Ispat Nigam Ltd ( Vishakapatnam Steel Plant) in 70’s.In 1973, SAIL came into existence amalgamating all the three ISPs of HSL and BSL. In due course, IISCO,MEL,,VISL(MISW) also came under SAIL as subsidiaries and subsequently VISL & IISCO were merged with SAIL. With the commencement of production in Rourkela and Bhilai in Feb,1959, sales unit s were setup at these plants and a commercial division was formed at HSL HQ at Ranchi to organize the sales of the company. In early 60’s , the Export and By- product Division started functioning from Calcutta. An important development in Indian Steel Industry scenario was setting up of Joint Plant Committee(JPC) of the main producers under the chairmanship of Iron & Steel Controller w.e.f. 1st March, 1964 based on the recommendations of RAJ committee.On 1st May, 1967, GOI decided to effect complete control on Iron& Steel and place the distribution and pricing of all categories of Iron & Steel under the jurisdiction of JPC. The system continued till April 1982.The prices of Iron & Steel were being fixed with the approval of GOI through JPC. During 1970s and 1980s the marketing of materials produced by the main producers ( SAIL, TISCO, IISCO, RINL) continued to be governed by the prices and distribution guide lines issued by JPC. High import duties, acute shortage of foreign exchange, no objection certificate ( issued by Iron & Steel controller) required for import , policy restricting private


enterprises to invest in integrated plants or expand capabilities etc offered a protected market for the main producers. Hence the marketing function was confined to distribution of Iron & Steel strictly in terms of the guidelines and prices laid down. This situation alienated the steel industry from competitive forces.The economic reforms introduced in 1991 totally transformed the steel sector. GOI realized the importance of growth & development of steel industry and took the following steps :

1. In 1992, steel was removed from the list of industries reserved for public sector

2. SDF and levies on engineering goods export assistance funds were also removed.

3. Delicensing of steel industry and allowing private sector to set up steel plants.

4. Price and distribution decontrolled on main producers w.e.f. Jan 1992.

5. Significant reduction in customs duty 6. Changed in credit policy 7. New liberalized import / export policies.

The above policy measures not only injected intense competition but also ushered in an era of growth and development of Indian Steel Industry which reflected in 18% average growth during 1994-95 and 1995-96.During 1980s the integrated steel plants went for modernization. Post liberalization era added some more private players as secondary / Mini Steel producers viz... Essar Steel, Ispat , JVSNL, Bhusan etc.The year 1996-97 witnessed a slow down in steel consumption which fell short by 1.8 million tonnes as against projected 2.4 million tonnes which can mainly be attributed to low investment in infrastructure sector, slow procurement of raw material by the govt. due to fund shortage and Lower growth in major steel intensive segment. The market was witnessing intense competition arising mainly out of availability exceeding demand. Greater availability of steel, low growth rate of economy than projected , cheaper imports etc were putting tremendous pressure on the steel prices which has eroded the margins and has seriously affected the bottom lines of Indian Steel firms including SAIL. India is currently ranked as the 7th largest steel producer in the world. This sector is one of the biggest revenue earners for Railways. Global Scenario International steel sector is reflecting the global trends in business environment. The early years of the 21st century have set the pattern for the future. Asia has increased its share of production. Although consumption of steel is likely to increase in most regions of the world in the medium term, growth in industrialized nations is likely to be much slower than the average growth in demand across the world. Developing countries and the emerging economies are likely to have the fastest rate of growth in steel demand in the future. In the developed world, the EU is expected to experience stagnant demand in the medium term, while the NAFTA block is likely to see low positive growth in consumption. In Japan, demand for steel has steadily declined in recent years due to restrictions on Government spending in construction projects as well as weak consumer demand. A modest growth


is anticipated in the manufacturing and building sectors as the economic performance improves. However, the medium term projection is for a reduction in overall steel consumption in Japan. Amongst the developing economies, China requires special mention. China’s apparent consumption of finished steel during 1996 was 97 million tonnes, which amounted to around 15% of world finished steel consumption. However, by the year 2007, China’s consumption figure reached a staggering 310 million tonnes, accounting for around 30% of the total world finished steel consumption. China’s steel consumption is still growing at a fast pace and as per IISI estimates; the figure may touch 650 million tonnes during 2008-09. The rapid rise in Chinese steel consumption is attributed mainly to sterling economic growth and construction activity in the build-up for the 2008 Olympics as well as the trade exposition planned in 2010. According to a preliminary medium term forecast by the IISI, finished steel consumption in the world is expected to cross a billion tonnes by 2008. However, despite the growth in consumption there are apprehensions of excess production as compared to global demand. As per the estimates by the WSD, world crude steel production, stands today more than 1 billion tonnes a year and is expected to cross 1.130 billion tonnes by 2010. As the trend in the world is towards producing low cost steel by using more environmental friendly means, steel producers worldwide are adopting new technologies like Corex and Compact Strip Casting, adopting alternate routes like Electric Arc Furnace instead of the traditional Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace route, as well as importing raw materials like coke. Growth of Indian Steel Sector India is amongst the cheapest producers of hot metal in the world. The cost advantage mainly arises from the abundant availability of cheap and good quality iron ore. Besides, overall manpower cost is also low. However, these advantages are nullified to some extent due to low labour productivity, high energy & power costs and high finance charges. The expansion plans of steel majors are likely to put tremendous pressure on the availability of inputs and infrastructure resources within the country. The nation is endowed with large iron ore reserves, but their development and exploitation would require huge resources. Besides, the effects on the environment where virgin areas are being exploited needs to be addressed. Availability of coking coal is expected to remain a serious constraint. Coking coal supplies from public sector coal companies have been declining over the years, leading to higher imports. Traditional coking coal and coke suppliers such as China have also curtailed exports in order to feed their expanding iron & steel industry. The steel industry needs to remain competitive by improving efficiency across the entire value chain in an integrated manner. Hence, logistics would be an important area of concern for the steel industry. This involves development of ports, smoother transportation to and from ports, rationalization of inland freight charges as well as better road movement facilities. During the early 90s, the Sponge Iron industry was especially promoted to provide an alternative material to steel melting scrap, which at that time was increasingly becoming scarce. Since then India has emerged as one of the largest producers of Sponge Iron. This provides good opportunities to steel industry as a substitute of scrap. Considering the erratic power supply position in the country as well as high power


tariffs, rising scrap prices and plentiful indigenous iron ore reserves would mean that the most suitable steel making technology for India would be the integrated route. Outlook for Indian Economy After witnessing rapid strides during the years after the liberalization process was set in motion, India’s GDP grew at an average rate of 5.2 % during the period 1998-99 to 2002-03. However, there was a break from the trend in 2003-04, during which the economy is estimated to have grown at more than 8 %. The economy is expected to continue on a high growth path with continued macroeconomic stability. Over the years there has been a downward trend in interest rates accompanied by moderate inflation and adequate liquidity in the economy. Infrastructure development has been a focus area for the Govt. in recent years. In the road and highway network, India is witnessing development of multiple-lane, safe and well designed inter state highways. Recently the Govt. has announced a planned outlay for the rural road and highway network development. The Golden Quadrilateral Project is an ambitious project that would connect the four major metros via state of the art highways. The East-West and North-South corridors would link up the remotest parts of the country. The Govt. is also planning to facilitate investments in sea-ports and airports in a major way. Concessions in the form of tax rebates etc. to boost investment in the housing sector, as well as falling interest rates have made available cheap home finance loans and have given a thrust to the housing sector. A rise in depreciation rates for vehicles, excise duty reduction and low interest rates has given a major boost to the automobile sector. From a negative production growth rate of 2% during 2000-01, the automobile sector has recorded a growth of 18% during 2002-03 and 15% during 2003-04. The capital Goods sector which had shown a declining trend from the year 1998-99, came back strongly during 2002-03, growing at the rate of 10.6%. The strong growth of the capital goods sector has continued in 2003-04. Given the strong fundamentals and stability in key macro economic aggregates, the average GDP growth during the year 2004- 05 to 2007-08 is about 8%.


WORLD STEEL PRODUCTION (IN MT)

COUNRTYWISE WORLD STEEL PRODUCTION (IN MT)

Rank Country/Region 2007 2008 2009

— World 1,351.3 1326.5 1,219.7

— European Union 209.7 198.0 139.1

1 People's Republic of China 494.9 500.5 567.8

2 Japan 120.2 118.7 87.5

3 Russia 72.4 68.5 59.9

4 United States 98.1 91.4 58.1

5 India 53.1 55.2 56.6

6 South Korea 51.5 53.6 48.6

7 Germany 48.6 45.8 32.7

8 Ukraine 42.8 37.1 29.8

World Steel Prodn

Year Prodn (in MT)

2001 850.3 2002 903.9 2003 969.7 2004 1068.7 2005 1146.2 2006 1250 2007 1351 2008 1327 2009 1220



9 Brazil 33.8 33.7 26.5

10 Turkey 25.8 26.8 25.3

11 Italy 31.6 30.6 19.7

12 Taiwan 20.9 19.9 15.7

13 Spain 19.0 18.6 14.3

14 Mexico 17.6 17.2 14.2

15 France 19.3 17.9 12.8

16 Iran 10.1 10.0 10.9

17 United Kingdom 14.3 13.5 10.1

18 Canada 15.6 14.8 9.0

19 South Africa 9.1 8.3 7.5

20 Poland 10.6 9.7 7.2

21 Malaysia 6.9 6.4 6.0

22 Austria 7.6 7.6 5.7

23 Belgium 10.7 10.7 5.6

24 Egypt 6.2 6.2 5.5

25 Australia 7.9 7.6 5.2

26 Netherlands 7.4 6.8 5.2



27 Thailand 5.6 5.2 5.0

28 Saudi Arabia 4.6 4.7 4.7

29 Czech Republic 7.1 6.4 4.6

30 Kazakhstan 4.8 4.3 4.1

31 Argentina 5.4 5.5 4.0

32 Venezuela 5.0 4.2 3.8

33 Slovakia 5.1 4.5 3.7

34 Indonesia 4.2 3.9 3.5

35 Finland 4.4 4.4 3.1

36 Sweden 5.7 5.2 2.8

37 Romania 6.3 5.0 2.7

38 Belarus 2.4 2.6 2.4

39 Luxembourg 2.9 2.6 2.2

40 Greece 2.6 2.5 2.1

— Others 29.8 (est.)

28.3 (est.)

23.3 (est.)


COUNTRY WISE STEEL PRODUCTION (2009)

Top 30 largest steelproducing companies in the world (according to the World Steel Association)

No Company Logo Company Name Country Company Picture Crude Steel

Output (MT)

1

ArcelorMittal Luxembourg

103,300,000

2

Nippon Steel Japan

37,500,000

3

Baosteel China

35,400,000

2009

Country in MT %age

China 567.8 46.5

Japan 87.5 7.2

USA 58.2 4.8

Russia 60 4.9

India 62.8 5.1

Skorea 48.6 4.0

Germany 32.7 2.7

Ukraine 29.9 2.5

Brazil 26.5 2.2

Turkey 25.3 2.1

Others 220.5 18.1



Output (MT)

4

Posco South Korea

34,700,000

5

Hebei Iron & Steel Group China

33,300,000

6

JFE Holdings Japan

33,000,000

7

Wuhan Iron & Steel Group

(Wisco) China

27,700,000

8

Tata Steel India

24,400,000

9

Jiangsu Shagang Group China

23,300,000



Output (MT)

10

U.S. Steel USA

23,200,000

11

Shandong Iron & Steel

Group China 21,800,000

12

Nucor USA

20,500,000

13

Gerdau Brazil

20,400,000

14

Severstal Russia

19,200,000

15

Evraz Group Russia

17,700,000



Output (MT)

16

Gruppo Riva Italy

16,900,000

17

Anshan Iron & Steel Group China

16,000,000

18

Thyssenkrupp Germany

15,900,000

19

Maanshan Iron & Steel

Company China

15,000,000

20

Sumitomo Metal

Industries Japan

14,100,000

21

Steel Authority Of India (SAIL) India

13,700,000



Output (MT)

22

Shougang Group China

12,200,000

23

Magnitogorsk Iron And

Steel Works (MMK)

Russia

12,000,000

24

Novolipetsk Steel

(NLMK) Russia

11,300,000

25

Hunan Valin Steel Group China

11,200,000

26

China Steel Corporation Taiwan

11,000,000

27

Techint (Tenaris) Luxembourg

10,400,000



Output (MT)

28

Iranian Mines & Mining Industries (IMIDRO)

Iran

10,000,000

29

Industrial Union of Donbass

(ISD) Ukraine

9,900,000

30

Hyundai Steel (HSC) South Korea

9,800,000


APPARENT USE OF STEEL (in mmt est. 2009)

Top Coking Coal Exporters (2009)

Australia 125Mt USA 34Mt Indonesia 30Mt Canada 21Mt Russia 11Mt Poland 2Mt

Major Coking Coal Importers (2009)

Japan 52Mt Germany 6Mt PR China 35Mt United Kingdom 5Mt

India 23Mt France 4Mt South Korea 21Mt Chinese Tapei 3Mt

YEARWISE WORLD CONSUMPTION OF STEEL (in kg/person/year)

ASU - 2009 in mmt

Country Cons

Skorea 49.5

Japan 60.8

Canada 11.6

EU 129.2

China 404.4

USA 61.8

Middle East 39.8

Russia 27.5

WORLD 1018.62

India 53.5

Africa 26.1

Apparent Use of steel (ASU) in mmt Regions 2008 2009 EU (27) 181.5 129.2 Other Europe 28.9 21.5 CIS 50 38.4 NAFTA 129.7 88 Central and South America 43.6 37.6 Africa 25.3 25.2 Middle East 42.8 39 Asia and Oceania 693.8 637.4 World 1,197.40 1,018.60BRIC 537.6 505.9 World (excl. BRIC) 659.8 512.7 World (excl. China) 771.8 614.2


COUNTRYWISE CONSUMPTION OF STEEL IN 2009 (in kg/person/year)

CONSUMPTION OF STEEL IN INDIA (in kg/person/year)

Year

World per capita Consumption in kg

2001 135.5

2002 142.7

2003 148.4

2004 162.1

2005 170.7

2006 184.1

2007 195.1

2008 196.4

2009 179.5

Country

Per capita Consumption in kg

South Korea 936 Chinese Taipei 491

Japan 419 PR China 405 Germany 345

USA 187 Russia 176 Brazil 93 India 48 World 179

Year per capita Cons. in kg

2001 26.8

2002 28.4

2003 30.1

2004 31.6

2005 35.2

2006 39.6

2007 43.4

2008 47.3

2009 47.1


India's Population Growth

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Year --->

Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

) --->

Total 1010 1093 1175 1256 1331

Under 15 361 368 370 372 373

15 to 64 604 673 747 819 882

Sr. Citizen 45 51 58 65 76

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF STEEL IN INDIA (in kg/person/year)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Con

sum

ptio

n of

Ste

el (i

n kg

/per

son/

year

) --->

2005 2008 2012 2020Year --->

National Steel Consumption Pattern

Rural Urban national average

Year Rural Urban national average

2005 2.1 77 33 2008 2.9 112 48 2012 4.36 168 105 2020 7.4 284 155


SECTORWISE COMPOSITION OF CONSUMPTION OF STEEL IN

INDIA

Sectorwise Consumption of Finished Steel 2009-10 Sector %age Construction & Infrastructure 59 Manufacturing 13 Automobile 11 Others 17

Industry Wise Consumption (in MT) 2009-10 Industry Cons Automobile 6.5 Construction 23.5 House Hold Appliances 2.4 Manufacturing 7.1 Railways 3.2 Other manufacturing 3.9 Other secondary and end users 12.2

Company (Installed capacity)

2009 (%)

SAIL 20.4

RINL 4.6

Secondary Producers

37.8

Others 37.2

TOTAL 100.0

SAIL20.4%

other Integrated

main producers

37.2%

Secondary producers

37.8%

RINL4.6%


EXPORT AND IMPORT TREND IN INDIA (IN ‘000 TONNES)

Indias Export and Import of Finished Steel (in '000 tonnes) Year 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Export 4942.6 5922 4381 4478 4750 4627 3482 3242

Import 1945 1760 2109 3850 4436 6581 5149 7302

Net 2997.6 4162 2272 628 314 -1954 -1667 -4060

PRODUCTION OF FINISHED STEEL IN INDIA (IN ‘000 TONNES)

Year SAIL TATA Steel RINL Total Main Producers

Secondary Producers

Total

2001-02 7594 3070 2365 13029 17595 30624 2002-03 8311 3377 2652 14340 19285 33625 2003-04 8835 3529 2782 15146 21770 36916 2004-05 9165 3505 2886 15556 24444 40000 2005-06 9352 3847 2981 16180 28333 44513 2006-07 9850 4423 3042 17315 32815 50130 2007-08 10254 4472 2899 17625 35000 52625 2008-09 9811 4535 2248 16594 43158 59752 2009-10 9697 5011 2583 17291 44690 61981


ECONOMIC INDICES (All data as per CIA published Data Book)

Countries by GDP (PPP) List by the International Monetary Fund (2009)[1]

Rank Country GDP (PPP) $M

— World 70,040,547

— European Union 14,772,542

1 United States 14,256,275

2 People's Republic of China 9,046,990

3 Japan 4,159,432

4 India 3,526,124

5 Germany 2,806,266

6 United Kingdom 2,139,400

7 Russia 2,109,551

8 France 2,108,228

9 Brazil 2,013,186

10 Italy 1,740,123


Per Capita Income

World Ranking Country

PCI ( in US $) Ref. Year

1 Liechtenstein $ 122,100 2007 est. 2 Qatar $ 121,000 2009 est. 7 Singapore $ 53,900 2009 est. 8 Kuwait $ 51,200 2009 est. 9 Brunei $ 49,900 2009 est.

11 United States $ 46,000 2009 est. 17 Switzerland $ 41,200 2009 est. 19 Australia $ 39,900 2009 est. 35 Germany $ 34,200 2009 est. 36 United Kingdom $ 34,200 2009 est. 39 Japan $ 32,600 2009 est. 40 France $ 32,500 2009 est. 42 European Union $ 31,900 2009 est. 49 Korea, South $ 28,100 2009 est. 73 Russia $ 15,100 2009 est.

103 World $ 10,400 2009 est. 109 Brazil $ 10,100 2009 est. 130 China $ 6,700 2009 est. 153 Sri Lanka $ 4,500 2009 est. 165 India $ 3,200 2009 est. 178 Pakistan $ 2,400 2009 est.

Cumulative total of all government borrowings (less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings) World Ranking Country Public debt Ref. Year

1 Zimbabwe 282.6 2009 est. 2 Japan 192.9 2009 est. 6 Italy 115.8 2009 est. 9 Singapore 110 2009 est. 12 Sri Lanka 85.8 2009 est. 14 Canada 82.5 2009 est. 18 France 77.6 2009 est. 20 Germany 73.2 2009 est. 22 United Kingdom 68.2 2009 est. 31 Brazil 59.5 2009 est.


World Ranking Country Public debt Ref. Year

34 Bhutan 57.8 2009 35 India 57.3 2009 est. 39 World 56 2009 est. 41 United States 53.5 2009 est. 42 Malaysia 53.3 2009 est. 47 Pakistan 49.3 2009 est.

48 United Arab Emirates 48.9 2009 est.

49 Argentina 48.6 2009 est. 50 Tunisia 47.1 2009 est.

. Country Comparison :: Unemployment rate This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. World Ranking Country UE rate Ref. Year

1 Monaco 0 2005 4 Belarus 1 2009 est. 5 Uzbekistan 1.1 2009 est. 7 Thailand 1.5 2009 est. 9 Cuba 1.7 2009 est.

22 Singapore 3 2009 est. 32 Switzerland 3.7 2010 est. 34 Korea, South 3.7 2009 est. 36 Bhutan 4 2009 39 China 4.3 Sep. 09 est. 40 Denmark 4.3 2009 est. 46 Bangladesh 5.1 2009 est. 47 Japan 5.1 2009 est. 51 Australia 5.6 2009 est. 54 Sri Lanka 5.9 2009 est. 72 Germany 7.5 2009 est. 75 United Kingdom 7.6 2009 est. 89 Brazil 8.1 2009 est. 92 Indonesia 8.1 2009 est. 95 Canada 8.3 2009 est. 96 Sweden 8.3 2009 est. 97 Russia 8.4 2009 est.

101 World 8.7 2009 est. 104 European Union 9 2009 est. 107 France 9.1 2009 est. 110 United States 9.3 2009 est. 124 India 10.7 2009 est.


Country Comparison :: Telephones - mobile cellular This entry gives the total number of mobile cellular telephone subscribers. World Ranking Country MC users Ref. Year

1 China 74,70,00,000 2009 2 India 67,00,00,000 2010 3 United States 27,00,00,000 2008 4 Russia 18,75,00,000 2008 5 Brazil 17,39,59,000 2009 6 Indonesia 15,92,48,000 2009 7 Japan 11,49,17,000 2009 8 Germany 10,50,00,000 2009 9 Pakistan 10,30,00,000 2009 10 Italy 9,06,13,000 2009 12 United Kingdom 7,55,65,000 2008

Country Comparison :: Internet users This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. World Ranking Country MC users Ref. Year

1 China 29,80,00,000 2008 2 United States 23,10,00,000 2008 3 Japan 9,09,10,000 2008 4 India 8,10,00,000 2008 5 Brazil 6,49,48,000 2008 6 Germany 6,19,73,000 2008

7 United Kingdom 4,87,55,000 2008

8 Russia 4,52,50,000 20089 France 4,29,12,000 2008 10 Korea, South 3,74,76,000


Country Comparison : Population growth rate The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The ratemay be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great aburden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water,electricity), and jobs.

World Ranking Country Pop. Gr. Rate Ref. Year

2 Uganda 3.56 2010 est. 4 United Arab Emirates 3.56 2010 est. 7 Ethiopia 3.2 2010 est. 77 Pakistan 1.59 2010 est. 79 Bangladesh 1.55 2010 est. 89 India 1.38 2010 est. 107 Australia 1.17 2010 est. 108 Brazil 1.17 2010 est. 121 United States 0.97 2010 est. 132 Sri Lanka 0.86 2010 est. 151 United Kingdom 0.56 2010 est. 152 France 0.53 2010 est. 153 China 0.49 2010 est. 180 Switzerland 0.22 2010 est. 205 Germany -0.06 2010 est. 215 Japan -0.24 2010 est. 222 Russia -0.47 2010 est.


Country Comparison :: Life expectancy at birth This entry contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. The entry includestotal population as well as the male and female components. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in humancapital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures. World Ranking Country LE at birth Ref. Year

5 Japan 82.17 2010 est. 9 Australia 81.72 2010 est. 12 France 81.09 2010 est. 15 Switzerland 80.97 2010 est. 28 United Kingdom 79.92 2010 est. 36 Germany 79.41 2010 est. 41 European Union 78.82 2010 est. 42 Korea, South 78.81 2010 est. 49 United States 78.24 2010 est. 94 China 74.51 2010 est. 124 Brazil 72.26 2010 est. 149 Bangladesh 69.44 2010 est. 160 India 66.46 2010 est. 161 Russia 66.16 2010 est. 162 World 66.12 2009 est. 166 Pakistan 65.63 2010 est.


Country Comparison :: Education Expenditures This entry provides the public expenditure on education as a percent of GDP. World Ranking Country % of GDP Ref. Year

2 Cuba 13.6 2008 12 Denmark 7.9 2006 28 Sweden 6.7 2007 42 France 5.6 2006 43 United Kingdom 5.6 2007 46 United States 5.5 2007 53 Switzerland 5.3 2007 61 Brazil 5.2 2007 63 Bhutan 5.1 2008 83 Australia 4.7 2007 92 Germany 4.4 2006 109 Russia 3.9 2006 116 Nepal 3.8 2008 126 Japan 3.7 2007 142 India 3.2 2006 144 Singapore 3.2 2009 153 Pakistan 2.9 2008 163 Bangladesh 2.4 2008

Country Comparison :: Military expenditures This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as apercent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange ratebasis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP).World Ranking Country % of GDP Ref. Year

4 Iraq 8.6 2006 6 Israel 7.3 2006 23 China 4.3 2006 25 United States 4.06 2005 est. 27 Russia 3.9 2005 43 Australia 3 2009 46 Pakistan 3 2007 est. 55 Sri Lanka 2.6 2006 57 France 2.6 2005 est. 62 India 2.5 2006 63 United Kingdom 2.4 2005 est. 71 World 2 2005 est. 88 Brazil 1.7 2009 101 Germany 1.5 2005 est.

Technology

World steel scenario2011 12