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Social Change with a Network Mindset
Stanford Nonprofit Management Institute Oct. 7, 2009
Heather McLeod Grant [email protected]
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
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WhoistheMonitorIns-tute?
part consulting firm, drawing on the talents of our own dedicated team and the resources of the global professional services firm, Monitor Group.
part think tank, analyzing and anticipating important shifts in the rapidly changing context that leaders must navigate.
part incubator of new approaches. We work with clients and partners to test and prove new models for social impact.
We are…
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HowcanNetworksAccelerateSocialImpact?In partnership with the David & Lucile Packard Foundation, Monitor Institute explored the role of social networks and social media in the non-profit sector
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Scanned Literature
Tools and
Training
Theory:BuildingOurKnowledge(IP)
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Nitrogen Wiki
Farm Bill Network Mapping
Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) Networks
Mapping Networks in Salinas
Network Effectiveness (ONE)
Support
Ac-on:PilotProjects
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MonitorIns-tute’sNetworkPrac-ce
Capacity Building & CoPs
Net Effectiveness Working Sessions
Network of Network Funders COP
Publications: “Working Wikily 2.0”
Blog: workingwikily.net
Membership Organizations Research
Knowledge Building
Integration of Net Effectiveness into TMI toolkit Client Service Projects with Monitor Institute clients
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– Share network frameworks and tools that we’ve developed
– Use brief “case studies” to illustrate network approaches
– Help you be more effective in your networks
Objec-vesforToday’sPresenta-on
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WhatareNetworks?
Groupsofindividualsororganiza1onsconnectedthroughmeaningfulrela1onships.
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We’remostInterestedinNetworksWith…
• Many participants • Ability to self-organize • Fueled by new
technologies • Collaborative mindset
and behaviors
Source of photo: http://www.midnightpoutine.ca/archives/flashmob1.jpg
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NetworksHaveBeenAroundForever…
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…NewOnlineSpacesforBuildingRela-onships
NewTechnologiesforSharingContent…
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AdvancesinOurUnderstandingofNetworks…
“If someone tells you that you can influence 1,000 people, it changes your way of seeing the world.”
– Dr. James Fowler
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…CombinedwithEstablishedGroupProcesses
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“… wikis and other social media tools are engendering a new, networked mindset—a way
of working wikily—that is characterized by principles of openness, transparency, decentralized decision-making, and
distributed action. " - Working Wikily 2.0
“WorkingWikily”=WithaNetworkMindset
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WhatDoWeMeanby“WorkingWikily”?
Centralized Firmly controlled Planned Proprietary Transactional One-way communications
Decentralized Loosely controlled Emergent Open, shared Relational Two-way conversations
Established Ways of Working
Where are you? The answer will be different for different situations
WorkingWikily
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ObamaUsedNetworkstoMobilize13MSupporters
“One of my fundamental beliefs…is that real change comes from the bottom up. And there’s no more powerful tool for grass-roots organizing
than the Internet.” – Barack Obama
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HisAdministra-onisExperimen-ngwithGov.2.0
“We live in an age of democratic experimentation — both in our official institutions and in the many informal ways in which the public is consulted”
– James Fishkin, Stanford political scientist
Source: Whitehouse.gov; NY Times
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250KIndividualsCoordinatedProtests
“Ordinary folks are using the power of the Internet to organize. In the old days, organizing large groups of people required an organization. Now
people can coordinate themselves.” – Wall Street Journal, April 15, 2009
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“If anyone had questions about the power of citizen media, those questions were answered by the Iran protests.”
– Hamid Tehrani (Iran editor for Global Voices)
Source: ethanzuckerman.com/blog Twitter, youTube Time Magazine
Twi^er“Emboldened”IranianElec-onProtesters
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“While newspaper circulation has long been in decline, the latest figures show the drop is accelerating…Weekday circulation declined
7.1% for the six months that ended March 31, compared with the previous year.” – New York Times, April 27,2009
We’reWitnessingtheDeathofOldModels…
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…AndNewModelsAreEmerging
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TheWayOurWorkGetsDoneIsChanging
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82% of Nonprofits operate on less than $1M in budget
– Center for Nonprofits ‘07
NonprofitsNeedtoFindWaystoWorkWikily
Networks are one answer for increasing scale, efficiency, coordination, and impact
Source: “Index of National Fundraising Performance, 2009 First Calendar Quarter Results”, Target Analytics, 2009, Alliance Trends
IncreasingNumberof
Nonprofits
ManyNonprofitsNotat
Scale
MoreCompe--onfor
Resources
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Isola1on
Unmetneeds
Lackofpower
Duplica1onandfragmenta1onofeffort
Lackofsharedknowledge
Untappedtalentandwisdom
Subop1malimpactandchallengeswithgrowth
NetworksCanAddressDiverseChallenges
Buildcommunity
Engagepeople
Advocateforpolicychange
Coordinateresourcesandservices
Developandshareknowledge
Innovate
Gettoscale
WorkingWikilyPoten-alProblem
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BuildCommunity
2008: 162 Countries
400,000 Ministers / Priests
1980: 205 Members
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EngagePeople
2008: 400,000 Volunteers in 104 Countries
1985: Single-site Effort in US
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AdvocateforPolicyChange
1998: Email to 100 friends
2009: 5+ Million Members
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CoordinateResourcesandServices
Total Loans 2009: $66 million
Total Loans 2006: $1 million
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DevelopandShareKnowledge
14 Countries 1,300 Trained Volunteers
Interagency Program Integrated Fire Management
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Innovate
“Open Sourcing Social
Solutions”
Internal, Proprietary R&D Labs
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…transforming
communi-esthroughcollabora1onstoaddressroot
causesofpovertyand
homelessness
Source: Jane Wei-Skillern and Kerry Herman, “Habitat for Humanity—Egypt,” Harvard Business School Cases, October 3, 2006.
‐EGYPT‐
GettoScale
Typical HFH country programs produce 200
houses each year
In Egypt, HFH builds 1,000 houses a year, on
average
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Turntoyourneighborandshare:
– ApersonalnetworkI’mpartofandpurpose...
– AnetworkI’veworkedwithprofessionally...
– Mybiggestques1onsare…
Source: June Holley
QuickConversa-onsExercise
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UnderstandingNetworks
Source: orgnet
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Centralized
Decentralized Note: These categories often overlap. Most of the examples fit in to multiple categories.
Nonprofit organizations (without network structure)
Membership organizations
Nonprofits with explicit network structure
Coalition / Alliance
Networks of networks
Ad hoc networks
Developed from: Plastrik and Taylor, “Net Gains,” (2006); Patti Anklam, “Net Work,” (2007); Krebs and Holley. “Building Smart Communities,” (2006).
ATypologyofOrganizingStructures
Source: orgnet
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HowDoMovementsandCampaignsRelatetoNetworks?
Sources: Movement def’n- Lokman Tsui on Marshall Ganz (www.lokman.org). Campaign def’n- Kotter Philip, Ned Roberto and Nancy Lee. Social Marketing: Improving the Quality of Life. Movement image - commondreams.org. Network graphics: orgnet.com
Movement Campaign Network
A large, informal grouping that brings people together around shared values, and provides
strategy and structure for collective action
An organized effort which attempts to persuade others to change certain ideas, attitudes,
practices, or behavior
Groups of individuals or organizations connected
through meaningful relationships
Pro-Choice Movement Choose Justice: Campaign to Protect Roe
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Core
Link Node
Cluster Periphery
Hub
AFewHelpfulDefini-ons
Source: Monitor Institute
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Sociograms Anthropologists in 30s Sociologists & Teachers in
the 50s
Source: June Holley
SocialNetworkAnalysis
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Source: June Holley
NetworkMappingcanbeLow‐Tech…
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…OrMoreHigh‐Tech
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Visualize the network: see connections
Make visible network resources, flow Spark a conversation among
participants Diagnose the “health” of a network Assess change in network over time
What’sPossiblefromNetworkAnalysis?
Source: June Holley
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SalinasNetworkMappingPilot
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A map of the different networks shows fairly loose connections
Government Foundation Non-Profit For-Profit School Unknown Religious Other
Network by Organization Type
MapsWereUsedtoAnalyzetheNetwork
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Barr’sGreenandHealthyBuildingNetwork:2005
Source: Barr Foundation “Green and Healthy Building Network Case Study” by Beth Tener, Al Neirenberg, Bruce Hoppe
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Source: Barr Foundation “Green and Healthy Building Network Case Study” by Beth Tener, Al Neirenberg, Bruce Hoppe
TheGreenandHealthyBuildingNetwork:2007
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NetworkDiagnosis:Characteris-csofHealthyNetworks
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Value
Participation
Form
Leadership
Connection
Capacity
Learning & Adaptation
Clearly articulated give and get for participants Delivers value/ outcomes to participants
Trust Diversity High engagement
Balance of top-down and bottom-up logic Space for self-organized action
Leadership with “network mindset” Distributed leadership
Strategic communications Ample shared space: on-line and in-person
Ability surface & tap network talent Model for sustainability
Learning-capture Ability to gather and act on feedback
Helpful Sources: M. Kearns and K. Showalter; J. Holley and V. Krebs; P. Plastrik and M. Taylor; J. W. Skillern; C. Shirky
Characteris-csofHealthyNetworks:Overview
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LeadingwithaNetworkMindset
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HowisNetworkLeadershipDifferent?
Position, authority Individual Control Directive Transactional Top-down Action-oriented
Role, behavior Collective Facilitation Emergent Relational, connected Bottom-up Process-oriented
What would it take for you to work more wikily?
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NetworkLeadershipRoles
Sources:PeterPlastrikandMadeleineTaylor,NetGains(2006);BethKanter;StephanieLowell,BuildingtheFieldofDreams(2007);White,Wenger,andSmith,DigitalHabitats(2009)
Organizer
Funder
Facilitator / Coordinator
Weaver
Technology Steward
Establishes value proposition(s) Establishes first links to participants
Provides initial resources for organizing the network
Works to increase connections among participants May focus on growing the network by connecting to new participants Can be multiple people with formal and informal roles
Facilitates the network use of online technology to learn, coordinate, connect or share information together
Helps participants to undertake collective action Ensures flow of information and other resources
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• Convene diverse people and groups
• Engage network participants
• Generate collective action
• Broker connections and bridge difference
• Build social capital – emphasize trust
• Nurture self-organization
• Genuinely participate
• Leverage technology
• Create, and protect network ‘space’
WhatistheWorkofNetworkLeadership?
Source:AdaptedfromNetWorkbyPaYAnklam(2007)and“Ver1goandtheInten1onalInhabitant:LeadershipinaConnectedWorld”byBillTraynor(2009)Sourceofpicture:flickr
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AFewChallengesFacedbyNetworkLeaders
Unlearningpastbehaviorsandframeworks
Dealingwithinforma1onoverload
LeYnggoofcontrol Engagingandinspiringnetworkpar1cipants
Learningandleveragingnewtechnologies
Makingthecase;measuringsuccess
Source of images: Cut Throat Communications, Blog.com, Rutgers University RU FAIR, Kodaikanal International School, flickr
Determiningnetworkboundaries
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Turntoyourneighborandshare:
– Wouldanyofthesetoolsbevaluabletohelpyouunderstandyournetworks?
– Howmightyoucontributetodevelopingorleadinganetwork?
– Whatarethebarrierstoworkingmorewikily?
QuickConversa-onsExercise
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HowCanyouBegintoMaketheShif?
Centralized Firmly controlled Planned Proprietary Transactional One-way communications
Decentralized Loosely controlled Emergent Open, shared Relational Two-way conversations
What would it take for you to work more wikily?
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EightLessonsWe’reLearning
1. Design your experiments around a problem, not the tools
2. Experiment a lot, make only new mistakes
3. Set appropriate expectations for time and effort required
4. Prioritize human elements like trust and fun
5. Understand your position within networks
6. Push power to the edges
7. Balance bottom-up and top-down strategies
8. Be open and transparent
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Mom’s rising is new organization designed using network principles: open, flat, flexible, collaborative, adaptive, fast
So,WhetherYou’reLaunchingNewNetworks…
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AJLI: an older organization using network principles to transform itself
…orTransformingOldOrganiza-ons…
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TheChoiceisYours
VP VPVP
Manager
Execu-veDirector
Board
Manager
Manager Manager
Manager
Manager Manager
Manager
MEMBERS
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Addi-onalResources:
Blog (twitter): www.workingwikily.net
Stanford Continuing Studies, Winter ’10
Website: www.monitorinstitute.com
ThankYou!
Beth’s Blog [email protected]
WeAreMedia training
N-Ten, TechSoup, Net-Squared
Case Foundation
New Organizing Institute
Personal Democracy Forum
Networks Resources page on blog
Barr Foundation
IISC - collaboration
Leadership Learning Community
Thinkers: Clay Shirky, Marshall Ganz, Peter Plastrik & Madeline Taylor, Bill Trainer, June Holley, Marty Kearns, etc.
