Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Network Protocol: LEACH & EDEEC

Name Designation University/Address Phone Email

Yogesh kumar Fulara

ME Student (Electronics)

PEC University of Technology Chandigarh

+91-9780900443 fularayogesh@gmail.com

Dr. Deepak Bagai Prof. ECE Dept. PEC University of Technology Chandigarh

+97-9872376347 dbagai@yahoo.com

Authors:

13 May 2015 Paper ID: ICCICT7047

Wireless Sensor Network A wireless sensor network (WSN) is

A group of specialized transducers

With a communication interface

Intended to monitor and record condition at diverse location

Commonly monitored parameters are

Temperature, Humidity, pressure , wind direction and speed

Illumination, intensity, vibration intensity, sound intensity,

Power-line voltage, chemical concentrations, pollutant levels and vital body function

Components of WSNs The WSN consist of two main components: 1. Sensor Nodes, and 2. Base Station (Central Gateway).

From : Book “Ad Hoc and sensor networks” by Carlos de Morais Cordeiro.

Figure: 1

Sensor Node

Block Diagram Sensor node

Figure: 2

Characteristics of WSNsAbility to withstand harsh environmental conditions

Ability to cope with node failure

Dynamic network topology

Communication failures

Limited power they can harvest or store

Heterogeneity of nodes

Large scale of deployment

Node capacity is scalable (only limited by bandwidth of gateway node)

Applications of WSNs

HEALTH CARE MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING

SMART OFFICE AND HOME/ OFFICE AND INDUSTRIAL ASSEMBLY LINES

GREENHOUSE MONITORING

REAR LOCATION PARAMETER MONITORING

AGRICULTURE

HABITAT MONITORING

BUILDING, BRIDGE ST.

MONITORING

SECURITY AND SURVEILLANCE

DEFENSE APPLICATION

APPLICATION OF WSNS

Figure: 3

ObjectiveThe main objective of this paper is to compare the performance of the LEACH

( Homogeneous) and EDEEC ( Heterogeneous) protocols for WSNs.

Conserve and balance the energy consumption for WSNs.

To find out the total data transmitted and received in the Networks using

LEACH and EDEEC protocols.

Network Model ISO developed a network model consist five functional area: Configuration ManagementFault ManagementSecurity ManagementPerformance ManagementAccounting Management

Configuration ManagementConfiguration Management entails initial set-up of the network devices and continuous monitoring and controlling of these devices.One key aspect of configuration management for WSNs is topology managementWhich consider how the nodes arranged in network.Primary goal of topology management is to maintain network connectivity in an energy-efficient manner.◦ Three categories

◦ Topology Discovery◦ Sleep Cycle Management◦ Clustering

10

ClusteringOrganizes the sensor nodes into clustersEach cluster is governed by a cluster-headOnly heads send messages to a BSSuitable for data fusionSelf-organizing

From : Junping, H., Yuhui, J. and Liang, D.: `A Time-based Cluster-Head Selection Algorithm for LEACH', IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2008. ISCC 2008, pp. 1172-1176.

Figure: 4

Types of clustering Algorithms Homogeneous clustering Algorithms

The network which all sensor network have same amount of energy are called

Homogeneous Network.

HEED (Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed Clustering)

PEGASIS (Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System)

LEACH (low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)

Introduction to LEACH: Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Self-Organizing, Adaptive clustering protocol Randomized rotation of the high energy cluster head Sensors elect themselves to chose a cluster headEach node chooses its own clusterLocal data fusion at local BS –Compresses data to send, reduces transmit powerWithin each clusters, nodes access the channel using TDMA (MAC)Each local BS picks a CDMA code at random for communication inside the cluster

LEACH Algorithm Advertisement Phase:

Node n chooses a number between 0 and 1, if the number is less than the threshold, then n becomes a cluster head

Notations: T(n) is the threshold number

P = the desired percentage of cluster heads

r = the current round

G is the set of nodes that have not been cluster-heads in the last 1/P rounds

LEACH Algorithm 1. Advertisement Phase

Elected node broadcasts advertisement using CSMA-MAC protocol

All elected nodes transmit with same energy

Based on the received advertisement signal strength, the non-cluster-head node chooses its

cluster

The node chooses the cluster-head whose advertisement has the highest received power

Since the amount of transmit energy needed to communicate to this cluster head is minimal

LEACH Algorithm2. Cluster Set-Up Phase:

Each node informs the cluster-head node about its choiceEach node uses CSMA-MAC protocol to transmit this information Cluster heads must keep receivers on

Figure: 5

LEACH Algorithm Schedule Creation:Cluster head creates a TDMA schedule based on the number of nodes in the clusterThe head broadcasts the schedule back to his nodes Data Transmission:Nodes send with minimal required energy to the local cluster head, and turn off their radio when not sendingLocal cluster heads receive data, compress it into a single signalAt the end of the round (decided upon before), Start from the beginning To avoid interference between clusters, CDMA codes are picked at random by local cluster heads and broadcasted to their cluster nodes

Heterogeneous clusteringThe network which some of the sensor network have extra power as compared to

other nodes in the network are called Heterogeneous Network.Regarding their power level, three types of Heterogeneous networksTwo, Three and Multi-Level Heterogeneous Networks.SEP (Stable Election Protocol)DEEC (Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering)EDEEC (Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering)DDEEC (Developed Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering)EDDEEC (Enhanced Developed Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering)

Two Level Heterogeneous Network

Three Level Heterogeneous Network

Multi-Level Heterogeneous Network

EDEEC: Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient ClusteringUsed for Heterogeneous wireless Sensor NetworksUses same scheme for cluster head choice base on

Initial,

Remaining energy of the nodes,

Radio dissipation and

Average energy of the network .

EDEEC Algorithm

1. Advertisement Phase

2. Cluster Set-Up Phase

3. Schedule Creation:

4. Data Transmission:

Probability Of Nodes

Where

E(r) is the average energy at round r of the network,

Ei (r) is residual energy at round r, m is fraction between node heterogeneity,

Popt is the probability of optimum number of cluster head and

a, b is boost a power for advance and super nodes.

Assumptions of the Network Simulation worksSensor Nodes are uniformly randomly deployed in the network.Sensor Nodes position is fixed.There is one Base Station which is located at the centre of the sensing field.Nodes always have the data to send to the base station.Each nodes send 4000 bits of data during transmission.Nodes are location-unaware, i.e. not equipped with GPS-capable antennae.All nodes have similar capabilities in terms of processing and communication and of equal significance.

NETWORK SIMULATION MODEL1. Deployment of nodes

RANDOM DEPLOYMENT OF NODES FOR LEACH

RANDOM DEPLOYMENT OF NODES FOR EDEEC

Figure: 6 Figure: 7

2. Energy Distribution Transmission Energy:

Receiving Energy:

3. Simulation ParameterParameter Value

Area(x, y) (100,100) mBase station (x, y) (50, 50) mNumber of Nodes (N) 100Probability (P) 0.1Initial Energy 0.1JTransmitter Energy 50 nJ/bitReceiver Energy 50 nJ/bitFree space Energy (amplifier) 10 nJ/bit/ m^2Multipath Energy (Amplifier) 0.0013 pJ/bit/m^4A Energy factor between Normal nodes and super Nodes 3B (Energy factor between normal Nodes and advance Nodes) 2Number of rounds 5000Message size 4000 bitsM (fraction of Advance Nodes) 0.3X (fraction of Super Nodes) 0.3

Table: 1

SIMULATION AND ANALYSISSystem lifetime.

Energy consumption

Total Data Transmission through networks

Lifetime of Network Observation the first nodes dies for

◦ EDEEC : after 1276 rounds◦ LEACH : after 1008 rounds.

We can also find out that all the nodes are alive for large time than that of LEACH protocol.Which defines the life-life of the networks.

Figure: 8

Energy Dissipation Observation

◦ I found that the loss of nodes energy decrease in

EDEEC protocol with the slower rate than that of

LEACH protocols.

◦ This is because of in LEACH protocol Nodes

consumes large energy to transmitting and

receiving data than in EDEEC protocol.

◦ We can observed that EDEEC is more stable

protocol than LEACH protocol.

Figure: 9

Data Transmission Observation

◦ In EDEEC the data transmitting and

receiving is greater than that of

LEACH protocol.

◦ We can observed from that EDEEC

has better network monitoring

quality than the LEACH algorithms.

Figure:10

Conclusion Simulation results we can conclude that the characteristics of Heterogeneous WSNs algorithms are better than the Homogeneous WSNs in term of the first node dies and the number of packets sent to the base station.

Heterogeneous WSNs cluster-based protocols have the better ability to manage the clusters and their member nodes and can better balance the energy consumption of the nodes in the whole network than Homogeneous WSNs.

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