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Bellwork 10/13
• Get out a piece of paper and put your name on it Big and Clearly.
• Draw your name into a picture of anything• Make sure your heading is on there.
– Name– Hour– Date– Subject
TEXTBOOK: From Bacteria
to Plants
Chapter One: Living Things
Section 1 “What is Life.” Pg. 16-23
MOO
PASS Strand: Diversity and Adaptations of Organisms
Objectives:By classifying
organisms, biologists consider details of internal and external structure.
OINK
What is Life?A. The Characteristics of Living Things
• Organisms— a living thing.All living things have• a. cellular organization• b. Contain similar chemicals• c. Use energy• d. Grow and Develop• e. Respond to their surroundings• f. Reproduce
Cellular Organization
a. All organisms are made of tiny building blocks called cells.
b. Fit a million cells on the period at the end of this sentence.
c. Unicellular or MulticellularManyfunctions
Contain Similar Chemicalsa. Water—most abundant
chemical in cells.b. Carbohydrates—energy sourcec.Proteins and lipids—building
materials of the cell. (like wood and bricks for houses)
d. Nucleic acids—genetic material. Directs the cells activities.
Use Energya. Cells use energy to grow and
repair injured parts.b. Cells for digestion need
energy to digest food particlesc. Blood cells need energy to
move chemicals to your body.
Grow and Develop
a. Growth—becoming larger• b. Development—change that
produces a more complex organism.
• Ex. Acorn turns into an oak tree
Respond to their surroundings
React to changes in their environmentb. Stimulus (plural stimuli)—a change in
an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react.
i. Ex. Changes in temperature, light, sound
c. Response—an action or change in behavior. An organism reacts to a stimulus with a response.
Ex. When someone scares you (change of environment)
you may
scream, faint, run
( your response)
Reproduce• Reproduce—the ability to produce
offspring similar to the parents.
• Robins produce Robins produce eggseggs
• Sunflowers produce seeds that develop into sunflowers
• Bacteria produce bacteria just like themselves.
Life Comes From Life
• New organisms arise from reproduction.
• Spontaneous generation—The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources.
Ex. Experiments of Redi and Pasteur pg. 20,
Francesco Redi
Disproving Spontaneous
Generation
• People used to believe that frogs sprouted from mud in ponds.
What is Spontaneous Generation?
• People used to believe that flies came from rotted meat.
What is Spontaneous Generation?
• This was a strongly held belief.
What is Spontaneous Generation?
•It took hundreds of years of experiments to convince people that it does not occur.
What is Spontaneous Generation?
• Redi was one scientist who worked to disprove this idea (in the mid-1600’s).
What is Spontaneous Generation?
What did Francesco Redi do?
• Francesco Redi did a controlled experiment to prove that spontaneous generation does not happen.
What did Francesco Redi do?
• His experiment focused on whether or not flies come from rotting meat.
Redi’s Controlled Experiment
Set-up A• Meat in jar• Jar open
• Maggots on meat
Set-up B• Meat in jar• Jar closed with
cloth• No Maggots in
jar
How was this a “Controlled Experiment”?
It was controlled because…
• He had only one manipulated variable – whether or not the meat was covered.
How is this a “Controlled Experiment”?
It was controlled because…
• When he got his results, he knew what caused them, because there was only one difference between the set-ups.
Redi’s Conclusion• Redi concluded that flies
had laid eggs on the rotting meat that wasn’t covered, and the eggs hatched into maggots. …
Redi’s Conclusion• So, the meat didn’t produce
the maggots (young flies), the adult flies produced the young flies by laying eggs on the uncovered meat.
What we can learn…• All living things come only from other living things.
• Spontaneous generation doesn’t happen.
The Needs of Living Things
All living things must All living things must satisfy their satisfy their basicbasic needs needs for energy, water, living for energy, water, living space, space,
and stable and stable
internal conditions.internal conditions.
Energy • Heterotroph—Animals need food as their energy source, cannot make
their own food.• Sun is energy source indirectly
b/c they either eat autotrophs and obtain their energy or consume other heterotrophs that eat autotrophs.
EnergyAutotroph—organism which can make its own food.
Water All living things need water to survive.
It can dissolve more chemicals than any other substance on earth. Helps by:
• Obtain chemicals from surroundings• Break down food• Grow• Move substances within their bodies• Reproduce
Living Space • All organisms need a space to
live. A place to get food and water, and to find shelter.
• Competition. • Plants only have so much
space. Compete for sunlight/ space. Roots compete for water and nutrients.
• Animals can move but share living spaces with others or compete for area.
Stable Internal Conditions• Organisms must be able to keep
the conditions inside their bodies constant.
• Homeostasis—keeping the internal conditions stable despite the changes in an organism’s surroundings.
Review
• What do all living things have in common?
Review
• What do all living things have in common?
• a. cellular organization• b. Contain similar chemicals• c. Use energy• d. Grow and Develop• e. Respond to their surroundings• f. Reproduce
Review
• What did Francisco Redi Prove?
Review
• What did Francisco Redi Prove?
• That living things do not come from non living things. (Flies do not come from meat)
Review
• What do all living things need?
Review
• What do all living things need?
• Water
• Living Space
• Energy
• Stable Internal Conditions