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CCSE - CSI Workshop:Micro-Inverter System Installation Recommendations
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Micro-Inverter System Installation Recommendations
Jeff Laughy Applications Engineer
Enphase Micro-Inverter
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 2 ]
One Micro-inverter per PV Module
Photovoltaic Cell
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 3 ]
Building Block of PV Modules
Each cell produces .5 Vdc
Monocrystalline cell - a thin slice cut from a single crystal of silicon, highest efficiency 17%
Polycrystalline cell – liquid silicon is poured into blocks, then sliced, more cost efficient, lower efficiency, 15%
Monocrystalline Cell
Polycrystalline Cell
Typical Configurations
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 4 ]
54 cells in series
60 cells in series
72 cells in series produce enough voltage to charge 24V batteries (24 volt nominal)
84 cells in series
Maximum Power Point
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 5 ]
Voltage varies with Temperature
Current varies with Irradiance
Power equals Voltage x Current 5.25 A x 40.0 V = 210 Watts
Short Circuit Current Isc 5.75 A Open Circuit Voltage Voc 47.7 V Max Power Current Imp 5.25 A Max Power Voltage Vmp 40.0 V
Series String
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 6 ]
Current is equal in a series circuit, unshaded string would produce 5.25 amps x 40 volts = 210 watts per module, 5 modules at full power = 1050 watts per string.
Series String Shaded
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 7 ]
Lowest performing module determines the current for the string, a single shaded module could reduce the current to 2 amps
2 amps x 40 volts = 80 watts per module, 5 modules at 80 watts = 400 watts per string, 38% of max.
Micro-inverter Branch
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 8 ]
In the micro-inverter branch only one modules current reduced to 2 amps
1 module at 80 watts 4 modules at 210 watts = 840 watts Power produced per branch = 920 watts, 87% of max.
[ 9 ]
Burst Mode
STORING BURSTING BURSTING BURSTING STORING
Roof Top Array Temperatures
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 10 ]
Roof Top Array Temperatures
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 11 ]
Roof Top Array Temperatures
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 12 ]
Location Data
AC Power output 124 Watts
Ambient Air Temp (Ta) 113.56 °F
Metal Roof Surface Temp (Troof) 147.42 °F
Module Glass Temp (Tframe) 125.10 °F
Under Module Air Temp (Tamb) 110.10 °F
Micro-Inverter Internal Temp (Tinv) 120.07 °F
Micro-inverter Technical Data 60 and 72 Cell Modules, 240 Vac
Input Data (DC) – Recommended Input Power (STC) 230 Watts – Peak Power Tracking Voltage 22V – 40V – Maximum DC Voltage 54V – Positive Ground
Output Data (AC) – Maximum Output Power 190 Watts – Nominal Output Current .80 Amps – Maximum number of inverters per 15 amp branch circuit 15
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 13 ]
Distribution Panel Connections 240 Vac Single Phase
Voltage Drop Considerations, 240 Vac
External Branch (Home Run) Wiring Maximum Distance in Feet
Micro-Inverters per Branch
Wire 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
14 AWG 126 103 84 68 54 42 31 21 12
12 AWG 199 163 133 107 86 66 49 33 19
10 AWG 318 260 212 171 137 106 78 53 30
8 AWG 507 414 337 273 218 169 125 84 48
6 AWG 804 656 535 433 345 267 198 135 76
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 15 ]
The table below provides recommendations for wire size from the junction box at the beginning of the Micro-inverter branch to the main load center based on distance.
Micro-inverter Technical Data, 60 and 72 Cell Modules, 208 Vac
Input Data (DC) – Recommended Input Power (STC) 230 Watts – Peak Power Tracking Voltage 22V – 40V – Maximum Input Voltage 54V – Positive Ground
Output Data (AC) – Maximum Output Power 190 Watts – Nominal Output Current .92 Amps – Maximum number of inverters per 15 amp branch circuit 21
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 16 ]
Distribution Panel Connections 208 Vac Three Phase
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 17 ]
Voltage Drop Considerations, 208 Vac
External Branch (Home Run) Wiring Maximum Distance in Feet
Micro-Inverters per Branch
Wire 6 9 12 15 18 21
14 AWG 479 303 209 148 104 69
12 AWG 759 481 332 235 165 109
10 AWG 1212 768 531 376 263 174
8 AWG 1932 1224 846 599 419 277
6 AWG 3061 1939 1340 950 664 438
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 18 ]
The table below provides recommendations for wire size from the junction box at the beginning of the Micro-inverter branch to the main load center based on distance. The table is in increments of 3 inverters, always round up to the next increment.
Distribution Panel Connections 208 Vac Three Phase with LCF
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 19 ]
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 20 ]
The Enphase Micro-Inverter System Site Installed Components
Micro-Inverters One inverter per-module
Communication Gateway Each gateway supports 250 inverters
AC Interconnect Cable, End Cap One per 15 amp branch circuit
Junction Box Adapter Plate One per 15 amp branch circuit
Micro-Inverter System
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 21 ]
Micro-Inverter System
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 22 ]
Branch Circuit Cable Layout
Inverter branches can be routed horizontally, vertically, or a combination of both directions.
Standard Inverter cable lengths are 6 ft, extension cables are available in 6 ft, 12 ft and 20 ft lengths.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 23 ]
Micro-Inverter System
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 24 ]
Micro-Inverter Installation
Step 1 - Junction Box Adapter Plate Step 2 - Attaching the Micro-Inverter Step 3 - Connecting the Circuit Cables Step 4 - Grounding Conductor Connection Step 5 - Installation Map Step 6 - Module Connection
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 25 ]
Indicates a fact or feature very important for the safety of the user.
Indicates an Enphase recommendation or best practice.
Junction Box Adapter Plate
Mount an outdoor rated junction box to the adapter plate.
This junction box is used to connect the inverter pigtail to the cable or conduit that has been run to the main load center.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 26 ]
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Install the Enphase adapter plate and junction box assembly to the module racking.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 27 ]
Junction Box Adapter Plate
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Connect the Enphase AC interconnect cable to the junction box.
Standard Inverter pigtail length is 6 ft, longer pigtails are available in 12 ft and 20 ft lengths.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 28 ]
Junction Box Adapter Plate
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Mark the approximate centers of each PV module on the racking system. (module width plus 1” for clips)
Avoid aligning the Inverter with the Module junction box.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 29 ]
Attaching the Micro-inverter
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Attach the Enphase Micro-inverters at the module centers using the racking manufacturer’s hardware.
Orient the inverter so that the inverter connector with male pins is toward the load center.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 30 ]
Attaching the Micro-inverter
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Connect the first Enphase Micro-inverter to the Enphase AC interconnect cable.
Orient the inverter so the male connector is toward the junction box.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 31 ]
Connecting the Circuit Cables
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Connect the remaining Enphase Micro- Inverters. Ensure that the connectors are securely locked.
Use cable ties to secure the AC cables to the racking.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 32 ]
Connecting the Circuit Cables
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Do not exceed the maximum number of Enphase Micro-inverters per branch circuit listed on the product label.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 33 ]
Connecting the Circuit Cables
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Attach the included protective end cap onto the unused connector of the last Enphase Micro- inverter.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 34 ]
Connecting the Circuit Cables
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Connect the grounding conductor to each Enphase Micro-inverter in the location marked “Grounding Electrode Terminal”.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 35 ]
Grounding the Conductor Connection
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Route a single grounding conductor through all the inverters.
Connect a short length of Ground wire to each module
Separate conductors for the modules and inverters may be installed.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 36 ]
Grounding Conductor Connection
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Peel one of the two labels from each Enphase Micro- inverters and place the label on the Enphase installation map to show the relative physical location of the modules.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 37 ]
Installation Map
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Connect the PV modules to the Enphase Micro- inverters.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 38 ]
Module Connections
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
DC Disconnection Procedure
Do not disconnect module connectors under load.
Disconnecting AC first will eliminate the DC current prior to disconnecting the module.
Individual modules could also be covered prior to disconnecting cables during daylight hours
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 39 ]
Micro-Inverter System
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 40 ]
Energy Management Unit Installation
Step 1 - Power Connection Step 2 - Network Connection Step 3 - EMU Startup Step 4 - Enlighten Registration Step 5 - Fax the Inverter info Step 6 – The Enlighten web site
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 41 ]
Indicates a fact or feature very important for the safety of the user.
Indicates an Enphase recommendation or best practice.
Connect the power cord to the EMU power inlet, then plug the power cable into a power outlet somewhere near your internet router.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 42 ]
Power Connection
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Do not plug the EMU into a power strip or Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS), the surge suppression or filtering components of the power strip could disrupt the EMU power line communications.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 43 ]
Power Connection
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Plug the provided CAT5/6 twisted pair Ethernet patch cable into the RJ45 on the EMU.
Plug the other end of the Ethernet patch cable into the broadband router.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 44 ]
Network Connection
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
It takes less than 5 minutes for the EMU to boot. You know that it has booted when it displays An IP address, and shows “+WEB” both in the onboard LCD window.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 45 ]
EMU Startup
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
A newly installed EMU will scan for 1 week.
To restart a scan or perform a communication check once the EMU has booted, press and hold the button labeled “SCAN” on the front for 2 seconds. This will enable The LCD panel menu.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 46 ]
EMU Startup
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Continue holding the “SCAN” button until the desired menu option appears. Release the “SCAN” button to select a menu option.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 47 ]
EMU LCD Panel Menu
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Device Scan During a device scan the display shows the following:
Communication Check After a communication Check the display shows the following
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 48 ]
EMU Startup
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
192.168.2.140 (or whatever the local IP address is)
+WEB (indicating that it made a connection to the internet)
(n)W (indicating the present power production in watts)
(n)kWh (indicating the lifetime watt hours reported to this EMU)
(n) (indicating the number of Micro-Inverters reporting to the EMU)
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 49 ]
EMU Startup
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Register the EMU with the Enlighten web site by entering the EMU serial number and the site information.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 50 ]
Enlighten Registration
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Fax the completed installation map from the Micro-inverter installation to Enphase at 707-763-0784.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 51 ]
Fax the Micro-inverter Information
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Direct Connection to Envoy
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 52 ]
Once the website is configured, energy data will be displayed on the Enphase Enlighten™ website on a per PCU, per module basis.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 53 ]
The EnlightenTM Website
Ste
p 1 S
tep
2 Ste
p
3 Ste
p
4 Ste
p
5 Ste
p
6
Branch Circuit Calculations, 240 Vac
Circuit Current Calculation – Maximum Output Power = 190 Watts AC – 190 W ÷ 240 V = .80 Amps – .80 x 15 inverters = 12.0 amps / branch
Overcurrent Protection Calculation – 12.0 x 1.25 = 15.0 Amps
Conclusions: – Install 1 to 15 Inverters per branch, up to 2850 Watts – Minimum 2 Pole 15 Amp circuit breaker, 14 AWG wire
size.
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 54 ]
Branch Circuit Calculations, 208 Vac
Circuit Current Calculation – Maximum Output Power = 190 Watts AC – 190 W ÷ 208 V = .92 Amps – .92x 7 inverters per phase = 6.44 amps per phase – 6.44 x 1.73 = 11.14 amps per leg
Overcurrent Protection Calculation – 11.14 x 1.25 = 13.92 Amps
Conclusions: – Install 1 to 21 inverters per branch, up to 3990 Watts – Minimum 3 Pole 15 Amp circuit breaker, 14 AWG wire
size. Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 55 ]
Performance Monitoring Reporting Service
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 56 ]
Enphase Energy is an approved PMRS provider, the Energy Tracking LLC, Web Enabled Meter communicates directly with the Enphase EMU. The metered data is then forwarded to the participating utility.
Enlighten login, Presentation downloads
Enphase Energy Proprietary & Confidential [ 57 ]
Password - microinverter
Downloads of presentations
http://www.box.net/shared/r7vj5pje3e