Upload
james-foster
View
4.369
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Problems with the supply and demand of water for A2 Geography
Citation preview
Water Supply and Demand
A2 Geography
Water
• Water is a FINITE resource and comprises of freshwater and seawater. These however come in various forms
Water Stress
• As we have developed and grown as a population we now demand far more water than we used. However the amount of water available has not changed
Agriculture
• Takes the lion share of all water as we struggle to feed the growing world population.
• 67% (69% in 2007)• Some produce is less water efficient than others.
• 1 kg of beef is 10 times more costly than 1kg of rice• 17% of world crops are from irrigated fields• These systems can be very wasteful• Bad management can lead to problems
Industry
• Uses 21% of all water globally and though increases have been slow this is expected to rise rapidly as developing countries progress
• HEP uses vast amounts of water but is available to other users afterwards
• Industry is generally more efficient than agriculture
Domestic
• Uses only about 10% of all freshwater but this varies enormously between countries
• Developed nations use approx. 100,000 litres per year
• Developing nations far less than 50,000 litres per year
• Domestic use globally doubles every 20 years• Quality varies considerably
Sources
• Surface Water (Short term hydrological cycle) Rivers, lakes, reservoirs
• Aquifers (Long term hydrological cycle)• Underground supplies, ¾ of Europe's drinking
water comes from this. Water is being abstracted faster than it can be replaced in India, USA, China and middle east.
• Leads to issues of dwindling supplies, falling water tables (Subsidence) and seawater contamination.
Activity 1
• Using your own knowledge draw a spider diagrams to show the links between:
1. Economic growth and water supply
2. Water insecurity and poverty
Supply
• In theory there is enough water for everyone• We only use about 50% of global freshwater• Rapid pop’n growth in areas with a limited supply
leads to water shortages• A Water Gap Between the have and have not's
has appeared
Every 15 seconds a child dies from a water borne diseases
1.4 billion have lack access to clean water
Food supplies are threatened due to water shortages
Half the worlds rivers and lakes are badly polluted
2.4 billion lack basic sanitation
0.5 billion suffer shortages each day
Pop’n by 2025 will demand 20% more water
12% of world pop’n use 85% of world water
Activity 2 – Chose two of the eight statements below and suggest reasons for why this might be the case
Activity 3
• Using a different statement from the previous slide now decide what affect climate change may have on that statement.
Every 15 seconds a child dies from a water borne diseases
1.4 billion have lack access to clean water
Food supplies are threatened due to water shortages
Half the worlds rivers and lakes are badly polluted
2.4 billion lack basic sanitation
0.5 billion suffer shortages each day
Pop’n by 2025 will demand 20% more water
12% of world pop’n use 85% of world water
Water Poverty
Access to water
Better Sanitation Chance to grow food better wellbeing
• Poverty and access to water go hand in hand. However their relationship is far deeper
• Lack of water hampers development
Global Water Poverty
Water Poverty Index
• 2002 British Centre for Ecology and Hydrology first published WPI
• 5 basic parameters• Each is scored out of
20 to give a maximum out of 100
Resources – quantity and quality
Access – Time and distance involved
Capacity – How well community manages waste
Use – How economical society is
Environmental – how sustainable it is.
Examples
Activity
• Draw the WPI for the following countries
Country Resources Access Capacity Use Environment
S. Africa 50 82 80 40 38
Tanzania 20 28 43 20 10
Sri Lanka 20 26 50 18 42
We now know
• There is enough water on the planet it’s just in the wrong place
• There is a finite amount on the planet• Scarcity will increase with pop’n growth and
development of developing countries• Water poverty and the water poverty index exists
and there is a link between water poverty and poverty.