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Enhancing nutritional quality and productivity,Increased resistance to insects (flower thrips) and diseases (Sigatoka and nematodes),Enhancing resistance to Striga hermonthica through introgression of genes from wild species and landraces,Enhancing drought tolerance in cowpea
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Utilization of wild species and cultivated landrace for enhancing productivity and other
attributes of staple food crops
Utilization of wild species and landracesDrivers of utilization of wild species and landraces
Breeding objectives
Changing productivity and architecture of a crop
Production constraints encountered
End use quality attributes
Lack of sufficient genetic variation in existing adapted germplasm to breed for a particular trait
Research emphasis
Enhancing nutritional and end-use quality
Increasing resistance to insects, diseases and parasitic plants
Improving tolerance to drought and other desirable traits
1.1. Enhancing nutritional quality
2006/2007
Progeny Protein content
(%) 06/2335-1 28 06/1847-9 25 06/1691-1 23 06/2088-3 21 06/2086-2 20 06/2327-35 20 06/2249-4 20 06/2098-3 19 06/2290-3 19 06/2293-12 18 Minimum 3 N 194 Mean 10 se 0.3 Min 2.7
Highlights of achievementsCassava True seeds of wild Manihot species,
M. tristis and M. flavellifolia, with
high protein content received from
CIAT
Crossed to locally adapted
germplasm for three generations
and storage roots obtained from
several progenies were analyzed for
protein content
Top ten cassava progenies selected in 2006/2007 for high protein content
determined on a dry weight basis
1.2. Enhancing nutritional quality
Highlights of achievementsCassava A total of 663 landraces including
checks were screened for iron (Fe)
and zinc (Zn) concentration in
2007
Fe
0
100
200
300
400
2.9-5.9 6.0-8.99.0-11.9 12-14.9 15-26.8
Fe concentration (mg/kg)
No.
of
gen
otyp
es
Zn
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
4.5-5.9 6.0-8.99.0-11.9 12-14.9 15-22.5
Zn concentration (mg/kg)
No.
of g
enot
ypes
Baseline
Baseline
1.3. Enhancing nutritional quality and productivityHighlights of achievementsYam Inter-specific crosses have been made to incorporate genes from D.
cayenensis to D. rotundata
Increase pro-vitamin A content
Increase leaf area duration to allow multiple harvests in D. rotundata
Female Male Pollinated
flowers Fruit Set Seed Set Number No. % No. % D. rotundata D. rotundata 2491 965 38.7 3313 22.2 D. rotundata D. cayenensis 1581 154 9.7 9 0.1 D. rotundata D. alata 1663 6 0.4 9 0.1
1.3. Enhancing nutritional quality and productivityHighlights of achievementsYam● Examination of progenies generated from inter-specific crosses using an
isozyme marker confirmed true hybrids
-c-
+
-
++
-
TDr 95/18544 TDc 98-136F1
b
F1TDr 95/19158 TDc 98-136
a
TDr 89/02475 TDc 98-136
+
d
F1
TDr 85/18555 TDc 95-165F1
C
2.1 Increased resistance to insects (flower thrips)
Highlights of achievementsCowpeas Two cowpea RI lines derived from
two crosses Thrips tolerant landrace from
Ghana and a susceptible line from IITA
Another thrips tolerant landrace and a susceptible line from IITA
The RI lines were evaluated in the field under high population pressure of flower bud thrips
Tolerant
Susceptible
2.1 Increased resistance to insects (flower thrips)
Figures. Relationship between thrips damage scores and number of pods per plant among a set of RILs (THA) from the cross Sanzi x VITA 7
THA
y = -0.0578x + 6.7385R2 = 0.642
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
0 10 20 30 40 50
No of pods
Thrip
s sc
ore
THB
y = -0.0595x + 6.8278R2 = 0.7323
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
0 10 20 30 40
No of pods
Th
rip
s sc
ore
Development of mapping populations
Musa acuminata (Calcutta 4) selfed
2.2 Increased resistance to diseases (Sigatoka and nematodes)
Highlights of achievementsBanana and Plantain Wild musa species used as sources of genes
for Resistance to disease
(Sigatoka/Nematodes)
Reduced plant height
Parthenocarpy
Earliness
Suckering behavior/Apical dominance
In landraces with preferred end-use quality traits
Identification of bananas based on finger size, color, shape and number
2.2. Enhancing resistance to Striga hermonthica through introgression of genes from wild species
Highlights of achievementsMaize We received 3 wild accessions from
CIMMYT and evaluated them in pots
The wild accessions supported fewer
emerged Striga plants than a
susceptible check
These wild accessions were crossed to
different maize inbred lines to transfer
desirable genes for resistance to Striga
Performance of extra-early varieties derived from local and exotic germplasm under Striga-infested and Striga-free conditions at 5 locations in 2006 and at 3
locations in 2007 in WCA
2.2. Enhancing resistance to Striga hermonthica through introgression of genes from landraces
Variety
Grain yield,
Plant height
Striga damage rating
Striga emergence
count
Infested Non-
infested Infested
10WAP 10WAP
Kg ha-1 cm (1-9) (1-9) TZEE-W Pop x LD (set A2) 1990 2479 141 3.9 84 2004 TZEE-W Pop STR C4 1943 2815 140 4.7 102 99 TZEE-Y STR 1599 2248 123 5.3 96 TZEE-W SR BC5 (REFC) 1260 1797 117 5.8 111 Grand mean 1624 2402 135 4.7 106 LSD (0.05) 258 335 7 0.5 33
Performance of early varieties derived from local and exotic germplasm under Striga-infested and Striga-free conditions at Abuja, Mokwa and Angaredebou in 2006 and 2007
2.2. Enhancing resistance to Striga hermonthica through introgression of genes from landraces
Variety
Grain yield
Plant height
Striga damage rating
Striga emergence
count
Infested Non-
infested Infested
10WAP
10 WAP Kg ha-1 cm (1-9) (1-9) 2004 TZE-W Pop DT STR C4 2084 3038 136 3.8 111 TZE-Y Pop DT STR C4 1921 3025 138 4.0 94 TZE-W Pop DT STR C4 1842 3171 132 4.0 142 2004 TZE-Y Pop DT STR C4 1838 3126 141 3.8 93 TZE COMP 4 (SUSC) 1073 2671 121 5.6 115 Grand mean 1606 2686 130 4.3 103 LSD (0.05) 343 421 8 0.5 29
3. Enhancing drought tolerance in cowpea
Highlights of achievementsCowpeas 1000 landrace accessions of
cowpea were evaluated for drought
tolerance during the 2007/08 dry
season by suspending irrigation five
weeks after planting
A few lines have been selected for
further evaluation under drought
and eventual use as parents in
crosses to develop drought tolerant
varieties
SusceptibleTolerant
3. Enhancing drought tolerance by incorporating drought tolerance alleles from landraces
Highlights of achievementsMaize
Days to anthesis
Leaf death score
Ears per plant
Anthesis -silking interval
Yield (kg/ha)
under Populations
(day)
(1-10)
(No.)
(days)
non-stress
Drought stress
ACR91SUWAN1-SR*2/DIASSAGA-1 55 5.8 1.0 1.5 5546 1832 ACR91SUWAN1-SR*2/SAMOROGOUAN-5 55 4.3 0.8 2.5 5074 1759 ACR91SUWAN1-SR*2/BONDOKUY-1 55 5.5 0.8 1.8 5582 1389 ACR91SUWAN1-SR 58 5.8 0.6 4.5 6710 698 Oba Super II 58 6.0 0.7 4.8 6701 1099 Oba Super I 58 6.5 0.7 5.3 6302 1016 Mean 57 5.6 0.7 4.0 5798 1190 S.E. 1.4 0.69 0.14 1.5 569 374 CV 2 15 15 44 13 31 Populations *** * *** ** * **
Performance of OP varieties derived from backcrosses involving landraces as non-recurrent parents tested at Ikenne under sufficient water supply and controlled drought stress in 2007
Summery Wild species and landraces have been used for creation and supplying
of new genetic materials to the NARS partners
Such new genetic materials can contribute to sustained improvement of
Yield potential
Resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses
Nutritional quality