Hiro Yoshioka, Technical Managing Officer,!Rakuten, Inc.!

Using Open Source and Hacker Culture at an Internet Company.!

OSC Tokyo 2014/Spring!

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Agenda

•  Using OSS at Rakuten and Hacker Culture

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whoami

Name: Hiro Yoshioka Title: Technical Managing Officer Company: Rakuten, Inc 2009 – present My mission: Empower Our Engineers, Build hacker centric culture Twitter: @hyoshiok http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hyoshiok (Diary in Japanese) http://someday-join-us.blogspot.jp/ (in English)

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whoami

Name: Hiro Yoshioka 2009-present, Rakuten 2000-2008, Miracle Linux, CTO 2002-2003, OSDL board member 1994-2000, Oracle 1984-1994, DEC 1984 Keio University (MS)

I have one patch to Linux Kernel J x86: cache pollution aware patch 2006/6/23, 2.6.18

http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=c22ce143d15eb288543fe9873e1c5ac1c01b69a1

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Who are we?

l  Rakuten, Inc.

l  Internet services company

l  Founded : Feb. 7th 1997, Tokyo, Japan

l  The first service: Rakuten Ichiba (shopping mall)

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Who are we?

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Rakuten in Japan

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Rakuten Eagles is No. 1

http://event.rakuten.co.jp/campaign/eagles/group/

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Open Source

•  History – Public domain – Proprietary Software – Free Software,

•  GNU, 1983, •  GNU General Public License, 1989

– Netscape opened source code, 1998

– Open Source software

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Free Software license

•  Free Software –  right to use, modify, redistribute

•  copyleft –  require same license to derivative

works •  permissive

– don’t require same license

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Free Software license

•  copyleft – GNU General Public License, AGPL

•  permissive – MIT, Apache, BSD

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Why OSS

•  Innovation – collaboration with community

•  Flexibility/Agility –  freedom from vendor lock in

•  Quality –  fixing bugs, enhancements

•  cf. Free of Charge

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Top 20 Licenses (2012)

http://www.blackducksoftware.com/resources/data/top-20-licenses

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Most of github hosted projects did not have any license.

http://www.blackducksoftware.com/resources/infographics/deep-license-data

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How can we choose it?

http://choosealicense.com

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Why do we need OSS license?

•  Collaboration model •  Ban Free riders

– The Tragedy of the Commons

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Top 20 Licenses (2012)

http://www.blackducksoftware.com/resources/data/top-20-licenses

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copyleft vs permissive

Source License 2008 2011 2012 Black Duck GNU GPL 70% 56.9% 53.2%

Permissive N/A 25.6% 32.3% FLOSS Mole

GNU GPL 70.8% 62.8% 62.8% Permissive 10.9% 13.4% 13.7%

Google Code

GNU GPL N/A 54.7% 52.7% Permissive N/A 38.0% 37.1%

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o82QmitU4XE OSCON 2013, Eileen Evans, "Licensing Models and Building an Open Source Community"

Projects are increasingly using permissive licenses.

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OSS Community •  Typical OSS community

–  Charisma, top programmers (e.g., Matsumoto san (Ruby), Linus Torvalds (Linux))

–  Committers (top notch programmers who have the right to add/modify the OSS)

–  Contributors (programmers who submit bug fixes, new proposals, patches)

–  Casual users (report bugs, ask questions, etc)

committers

charisma

contributors

casual users

Matz Yugui

Linus

Greg K Hartman

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AGreg_Kroah-Hartman_lks08.jpg

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Linux

•  commits 459K+ •  contributors 11K+ •  lines of code 16M+ •  License GPL v2 •  http://www.ohloh.net/p/linux

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Ruby

•  commits 32K+ •  contributors 90 •  lines of code 946K+ •  license GPL v2+, Ruby •  http://www.ohloh.net/p/ruby

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Contributions to recent open source projects

License Project Year Started

Number of Commits

Number of Contributors

Lines of Code

Apache 2.0 OpenStack 2010 62,000+ 1,043 874,625+

Apache 2.0 CloudStack 2010 17,000+ 184 1.7 million+

GPLv3 Eucalyptus 2009 72,000+ 70 1.3 millions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o82QmitU4XE OSCON 2013, Eileen Evans, "Licensing Models and Building an Open Source Community"

(as of May 2013)

http://www.ohloh.net/p/openstack http://www.ohloh.net/p/CloudStack http://www.ohloh.net/p/eucalyptus

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Open source and Bazaar

•  Open source software （OSS） – software license

•  Bazaar – Software development model – global distributed collaborative work

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Hacker Ethics

•  Sharing •  Openness •  Decentraization •  Free access to computers •  World improvement •  Levy, Steven. (1984, 2001). Hackers: Heroes of

the Computer Revolution (updated edition). Penguin. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/729

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Hacker Ethics

•  Access to computers—and anything which might teach you something about the way the world works—should be unlimited and total. Always yield to the Hands-On Imperative!

•  All information should be free •  Mistrust authority – promote decentralization •  Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not

criteria such as degrees, age, race, sex, or position •  You can create art and beauty on a computer •  Computers can change your life for the better

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Hacker Culture, Common Value

•  Computers can change your life for the better •  rough consensus and working code

•  http://www.ietf.org/tao.html •  It’s better to ask forgiveness than permission.

•  If it's a good idea, go ahead and do it. It is much easier to apologize than it is to get permission. By Grace Hopper

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The Hacker Way (Facebook) IPO 2012

•  Code wins arguments •  Continuous Improvement and Iteration •  Open and Meritocratic •  Hackathon •  Bootcamp •  http://www.wired.com/business/2012/02/zuck-

letter/

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Web 2.0 •  Software products vs Internet Services

•  http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html 9/30/2005

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Web_2.0_Map.svg

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Netscape vs Google •  A native web application, never sold or

packaged, but delivered as a service •  None of the trappings of the old software

industry are present. •  No scheduled software releases, just continuous

improvement. •  No licensing or sale, just usage. •  No porting to different platforms, …, just a

massively scalable collection of commodity PCs running OSS operating systems plus homegrown applications and utilities that no one outside the company ever gets to see.

http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html

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Why OSS at Rakuten

•  Innovation – collaboration with community – hacker centric culture

•  Flexibility/Agility –  freedom from vendor lock in

•  Quality –  fixing bugs, enhancements

•  cf. Free of Charge

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Maturity of OSS usage

•  Find •  Use •  Participate •  Innovate/Build Community

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OSS at Rakuten

•  OSS is everywhere – Manual for collaborating with OSS

community – OSS training

•  Homegrown applications – ROMA (Distributed KVS) – LeoFS (File System)

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OSS compliance

•  Risk of copyright infringement – Smartphone applications – e-book reader applications – client applications (javascript) – AGPL

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Open source

•  Open information, it evolves •  Patents, Copyright

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•  Open source, patents, copyright, •  The architecture is different but

purpose is the same •  Making the world better

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Open Innovation

•  The technology at outside –  collaboration is important

•  Innovation at outside –  vs NIH (Not Invented Here)

•  Community –  fun

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Why do we need OSS license?

•  Collaboration model •  Ban Free riders

– The Tragedy of the Commons

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IT Seminar Calendar of Japan http://bit.ly/QmRFiS more than 300 meetings/month

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Conferences in Japan 䜹䞁䝣䜯䝺䞁䝇䜹䞁䝣䜯䝺䞁䝇

http://ll.jus.or.jp/2013/ http://phpcon.php.gr.jp/w/2012/ http://yapcasia.org/2013/ http://2012.pycon.jp/index.html http://nodefest.jp/2012/

http://rubykaigi.org/2013

http://connpass.com/event/2253/?disp_content=presentation#tabs

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Conference

•  Running by volunteers •  Inexpensive, e.g., 5000 yen/day ($50/day) •  Numbers attendees; more than 100 - 1000 •  Sharing technical knowledge and networking •  Beer Bash or Drinking Party (optional) •  Examples, LL event, PHP Conference, YAPC (Yet

another perl conference), RubyKaigi, Tokyo Node Gakuen (Javascript)

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cf. Commercial Conference

•  Running by corporation •  Expensive, e.g., $300-$500/day •  Numbers attendees; more than 1000 •  Sharing technical knowledge and networking •  Party (optional) •  Examples, OSCON $2045 (5 days),

http://www.oscon.com/oscon2013

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In Japan

•  Engineers at Web companies •  IT study groups, workshops,

meetups •  Sharing common value

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Open Innovation

•  Open Source community = Engine of open innovation

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•  Be Hacker. •  Make the world a better place.

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reference

•  License –  http://www.slideshare.net/YutakaKachi/20110211 –  http://handsout.jp/slide/1009

•  Bazaar model –  Producing OSS http://producingoss.com/ja/ –  Cathedral and Bazaar

http://cruel.org/freeware/cathedral.html

•  Open Innovation –  http://books.rakuten.co.jp/rb/5913864/ –  http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/tyousakai/seisaku/

haihu07/sanko1.pdf