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Compiled By
Sumit Binani
MBA (IIM-Cal), AICWA, FCS, ACA
&
CS Mamta Binani
UNDERSTANDING XBRLeXtensible Business Reporting
Language
Need for XBRL is not newBusinesses Exchange Information100 ways to exchange info is part of the
problemClients, Stakeholders, Regulators, Bankers,
AuditorsUse of diff technology to compare benefits &
costsNeed for a common standard accepted format
for data exchangeXBRL has stood out of the pack
BUSINESS CASE FOR XBRL
Evaluation Criteria-Effectiveness & EfficiencyCost of Capturing data(training, maintenance,
multiple software tools)
Timeliness of data
Flexibility of Data Collection
Quality of Data
Reuse of Data
BUSINESS REPORTING SOLUTIONS
XML Standard: Low training cost. Lots of standard software for working with XML.
Open Standards Provide Leverage: Free tools, free standards, not locked into one specific vendor.
Commercial off-the-shelf software can be usedCheap Business Rules Engines Improve Data
Quality.Flexible, Extensible, Comprehensive SolutionStructured versus Unstructured DataAutomated Exchange of Data within same org
XBRL CHARACTERISTICS
Access to DataTimeliness, Quantity, Accuracy, Type of dataSEBI, RBI, MCA, Auditor, Banks, Holding CoOnsite data is most qualitative and accessibleTransparency, Accuracy, is often questionedXBRL is not about imposing any specific
reporting burdenAutomobile Companies – Quality Control Ex
REACH VS RICHNESS OF DATA
We have both reach and richness? Every entity could generate electronic audit
schedules of data in XBRL. Regulators, auditors’ systems could read this data
whenever they want from their location.A secure web service could be provided by every
company and used by auditors, regulators (the SAME systems used for internal audit of the data, NOT different systems) rather than the endless paper, spread sheets,Word documents, etc.
How would that impact business reporting?
WHAT IF
Consider an invoice. Data on the invoice might include:
the invoice number, "I-10001“; the invoice date, "July 1, 2005“; the quantity of each line item, "500 boxes“; • the amount of each line item, “Rs 3000“; • the total amount of the invoice, “Rs 9000"
The metadata for the invoice, which is data which expresses the information the invoice must contain, might be things like:
the invoice number must start with the letter "I", be followed by a dash, and must be a 5 digit number,
the invoice MUST contain an invoice number, an invoice date, at least one line item, and a total
METADATA-Data about data
Expressed in a consistent, standard way, can be read by a computer application.
Can be exchanged automatically between applications along with the data being expressed, resulting in new and better ways to transform and evaluate data.
Driven applications can be updated by Business Users - cost-effectively than "hard coded" applications
In terms of financial reporting, we see applications driven by XBRL financial metadata (a standardized set of financial terms, or taxonomies)
METADATA-Data about data
The fact that data can be defined in an organized way rather than unstructured, semantic meaning can be expressed as metadata,
At a relatively low cost because the applications are useful, flexible, and therefore used by so many.
A key to improving business reporting is metadata driven computer applications using open standards to express that metadata.
XBRL lays the platform for the same
METADATA
One of the most powerful features of XBRL
Types of business rules might be: Definitions such as "Assets = Liabilities + Equity“ Calculations such as "Total Property, Plant and Equipment
= Land + Buildings + Fixtures + IT Equipment + Other“ Process oriented such as "If property, plant, and
equipment exists; then a property, plant and equipment policy must exist and property, plant and equipment disclosures must exist.
Instructions or documentation such as "Cash flow types must be either operating, financing, or investing.
Separate from the Processing Logic -empowers Business User
BUSINESS RULES CAPABILITY
And what if the business rules are also in a global standard format?
One can exchange the rules with others. for example,1. use the rules to explain the data you are collecting,
2. which data needs to be collected,
3. validate the data prior to it being submitted, and
4. which data collection forms should be used by the type or quality of entity submitting data.
BUSINESS RULES CAPABILITY
Humble beginning back in 1997Charlie Hoffman, a USA CPA, Visionary behind
XBRL using power of XML technologyXBRL is about better way of reporting
accounting, financial and other information to interested users
One of the goals of XBRL is to create the information once and be able to easily present it in many ways
Reduces Time, Save Costs, Enables Quick Information & analysis
HISTORY
• October 1999• XBRL committee formed ; More than a dozen member organisations in
USA• December 2000
• Membership >70 organisations• February 2001
• Membership >100 internationally, UK XBRL launched• June 2001
• XBRL for US GAAP Financial Statements announced • October 2001
• XBRL Australia and Japan launched• February 2002
• Recognised XBRL jurisdictions include Australia, Canada, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, UK
• ....... And the developmental journey continues
HISTORY OF XBRL
Incorporated as Section 25 CompanyManaging Affairs of Indian Jurisdiction of XBRL
InternationalObjectives
promote and encourage the adoption of XBRL in India as the standard for electronic business reporting in India
facilitate education and marketing of XBRL Develop, manage & update XBRL taxonomies represent Indian interests within XBRL International contribute to the international development of XBRL
XBRL INDIA
Global effort to build “the digital language of business” by participants of the business reporting supply chain
XBRL permits the automatic exchange and reliable extraction of financial information across all software formats and technologies, including the Internet.
It enhances efficiency by allowing tagged (coded identifier) financial information to be transmitted in many formats and deployed with various analytical tools.
Users of Transnational Data (change label from eng to other)
WHY XBRL
Business Reporting Supply Chain
Adapted from “XBRL for CFOs” (www.xbrl.org)
ExternalFinancialReporting
BusinessOperations
InternalFinancialReporting
Investmentand Lending
AnalysisProcesses
Participants
AuditorsTradingPartners
Investors
FinancialPublishersand Data
Aggregators
Regulators
Software Vendors
ManagementAccountants
Companies
Benefitting out of creation of digital version of financial information using a common language
Communicate financial info electronically
No need to re-key data
Easier and cheaper than EDI
Built upon eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
Free public standard defining data sharing,
publishing & exchange systems.
Separates information from style
Single source-can be output to any format
SALIENT FEATURES OF XBRL
InvestorsCorp.
Operational Data Stores
++
Report
Report
ReportRegulatory
Filings
Text
Text +
Statement in PDF
Statementsin Print+
Statementon Web
Text
returnsASIC/ATO
Today: A Convoluted Information Supply Chain
GL
C of A
+
+
+
Auditor
Credit Application+
BanksText
Adapted from “XBRL for CFOs” (www.xbrl.org)
RegulatoryFilings
Web Site
Tax Returns
Bank Filings
Printed Financials
Accounting System
Other Sources of
Information
XBRL
With XBRL: Multiple Outputs from a Single Specification
Source “XBRL for CFOs” (www.xbrl.org)
RegulatoryFilings
Web Site
Tax Returns
Bank Filings
Printed Financials
XBRL
Investors
Other Parties
XBRL: Information flow TO stakeholders
Source “XBRL for CFOs” (www.xbrl.org)
The basis of XBRL is the XML.
XML is a recommendation of the World Wide Web (W3C) and is a subset of SGML (Standard Generalised Markup Language).
HTML is also a subset of SGML, but XML has been designed to overcome some limitations of HTML.
A key feature of XML is that is separates information from the way it is presented.
XML works by first defining a structure for the data – referred to as a schema. This defines the structure and the elements names for data without referring to any values of the data.
Secondly, files (called instance documents) are created that contain the data, but do not contain any information about how that data is to be presented or published.
As a result, the data is also separated from its presentation or style.
THE TECHNOLOGY
Simply put, traditional financial statement data is tagged using a taxonomy to create an instance document.
XBRL’s delivery unit is the instance document.
The instance document is transmitted by the party who prepares the information to the party who can use it.
Understanding how XBRL works must therefore include some acquaintance with the necessary inputs to instance documents, the way in which instance documents are prepared for delivery, and some of the terminology XBRL’s developers have created.
HOW XBRL WORKS
TraditionalFinancialStatement
Presentation
FinancialStatement
Data is“Tagged”
Using XBRLTaxonomy
XBRLInstance
Document
Taxonomies contain definitions that are used to create tags that will be incorporated in instance documents.
All taxonomies must comply with the rules in the XBRL Specification, but they differ because they are specific to the type of information to be electronically expressed and to the related presentation requirements.
Taxonomies developed for the U.S. thus far reflect U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and reporting requirements primarily for four different industries: insurance, investment management, commercial and industrial, and banking and savings institutions.
These taxonomies were exposed for public comment, revised, and granted approved status by XBRL International.
APPLYING TAXONOMIES
The 4 approved taxonomies contain definitions and information about financial reporting concepts, for example, goodwill, net income, gross sales, and cash and cash equivalents.
A financial reporting concept within XBRL is called an element.
Each element is assigned XBRL basic attributes and relationships.
These are characteristics that are formally defined by the taxonomy. They include numerical or non-quantitative descriptors.
The basic attributes and relationships are part of the data item’s context for purposes of XBRL.
The basic attributes and relationships are designed to be sufficient to enable other computers to understand the data item they receive and to enable people at those computers to use the data item with their application software for analysis, comparisons, or other computerized operations they wish to perform.
APPLYING TAXONOMIES
This illustration shows that the financial reporting concept goodwill is the XBRL element “goodwill,”
which is assigned basic attributes and relationships.
FinancialReportingConcept:Goodwill
XBRLElement:Goodwill
BasicAttribute
s
Relationships
to otherElements andInformation
6 STANDARD ATTRIBUTES ARE IDENTIFIED FOR GOODWILL IN THIS ILLUSTRATION
XBRLElement:Goodwill
BasicAttributes
Label
Tag Name
Description
Data Type
Balance Type
Period Type
Goodwill
Intangible Assets Goodwill
The excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Monetary
Debit
Instant
RELATIONSHIPS ARE IDENTIFIED FOR GOODWILL IN THIS ILLUSTRATION
XBRLElement:Goodwill
Relationshipsto otherElements andInformation
Reference
Presentation
Calculation
Publisher: IASBName: AS 142Paragraph: 18URL: http://www.fasb.org/pdf/fas142.pdfURL Date: 2004-08-01
Condensed Balance Sheet (Assets)AssetsCash and cash equivalentsProperty plant and equipmentGoodwillTotal Assets
Total Assets =Cash + Property plant andequipment + Goodwill
Customization to Capture Unique Info“extensible” feature of XBRL. Compliance maximizes the comparability of
the XBRL instance documents for external financial reports when extension taxonomies are employed.
An organization can modify an element in a base taxonomy as well as supplement that base taxonomy,
extension taxonomy must comply with the XBRL Specification.
EXTENSION TAXONOMIES[facilitates Company Specific Business Needs]
EX-1 A company presents goodwill before property, plant, and
equipment in its balance sheet, It can create an extension to change the relationship that is
defined in the base taxonomy to present it that way. EX-2 Assume Company MB tags its financial statements using the
commercial and industrial taxonomy. Company MB has a line item on its balance sheet for “XYZ
Inventory.” Because it is unique to Company MB, “XYZ Inventory” is not
listed in the commercial and industrial taxonomy. It therefore creates its own extension taxonomy that includes
the new element. EX3 For instance, if the generic element “sales” were too
general for specific needs, a taxonomy could be extended with two new items “equipment sales” and “consumables sales.” Both would roll up to the “sales” element.
EXAMPLE OF EXTENSION TAXONOMIES
Tagging Operations leads to creation of Instance Document
Instance Doc captures the base taxonomy and the extensions
Softwares run the XBRL Instance Doc to produce desired report
Reports enables users to analyse or otherwise process published info
Instance documents that convey financial statements in XBRL can be created with the help of tagging software
Certain software products can extract data in XBRL format from accounting databases
INSTANCE DOCUMENT & STYLE SHEETS
XBRL information is published with the aid of a style sheet application.
The style sheet describes how documents are presented on screens or in print.
It can convert the XBRL data in an instance document into a document that looks similar to financial information, such as a bsheet or income statement.
It is a standard mechanism for organizing and presenting XBRL data.
Style sheets are written in an extension of XML that is compatible with XBRL.
The extensible style sheet language called XSLT is widely used to format and reformat XML documents, including XBRL documents.
INSTANCE DOCUMENT & STYLE SHEETS
Spreadsheets
Basel II Reporting
Commercial & Consumer Loans
Forms, Forms and Forms
EXAMPLES OF BENEFIT FROM XBRL
XBRL developed draft General Purpose Financial Reporting Taxonomy for Commercial & Industrial Companies (Mfg & Services Sector)
Covers the financial statements confirming to Indian AS, Company Law & SEBI Listing norms while adapting architectural features of the IFRS general purpose taxonomy 2006
MCA has finalised the taxonomy for C & I for filing Bsheet & P & L in XBRL
XBRL Taxonomy for the banking sector is being developed
UPDATES FROM XBRL INDIA
Mandated certain class of companies to file balance sheet and accounts for the year ended 2010-11
First Phase to CoverAll Listed Companies in India and their subsidiaries including overseas subsidiaries
All Companies having a paid up capital of 5 crores and above or Turnover of Rs 100 crores or above
All Companies falling in phase 1 are permitted to file upto 30-9-2011 without any additional fee.
MCA UPDATES ON XBRL
Thank You