Understanding the Internet of Things Protocols

Your systems. Working as one.

Understanding the Internet of Things Protocols

Presented By:

Stan Schneider, PhD.

Understanding the IoT Protocols

The Internet of Things

© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.


2014 Top Tech Trends

• 1) Internet of Things• The IoT promises to be the

most disruptive technological revolution since the advent of the World Wide Web.Projections indicate that up to 100 billion uniquely identifiable objects will be connected to the Internet by 2020, with enormous technical, socioeconomic, political, and even spiritual consequences.


http://www.computer.org/portal/web/computingnow/cocfp2


What is the Internet of Things?

• Cisco “Internet of Everything”– …the latest wave of the Internet -- connecting

physical objects…to provide better safety, comfort, and efficiency

• IBM “Internet of Things”– …a completely new world-wide web, one comprised

of the messages that digitally empowered devices would send to one another. It is the same Internet, but not the same Web.

• GE “Industrial Internet”– …convergence of machine and intelligent data…to

create brilliant machines

• RTI “Your Systems. Working as One.”– …an entirely new utility. As profound as the cell

network, GPS, or the Internet itself. The Internet of Things and the Intelligent Systems it enables will fundamentally change our world.



The Future of Intelligent Machines



The OMG’s Industrial Internet Consortium

• OMG manages the IIC• Goal is to bring standards clarity to

the Industrial Internet• 5 large company founders, led by GE• RTI is an IIC launch member & on

OMG board


What Connects the Things?

IoT Standard Protocols


IoT Protocol Taxonomy

• Access– Link sparse

endpoints– XMPP

• Process– Biz intelligence– Centralized/ESB– ~100ms– MQ/AMQP

• Collect– Collect data– Hub & spoke– ~10ms– MQTT/CoAP

• Control, distribute– DataBus– ~0.1 ms– DDS


Web Services and Business Apps

Devices and Intelligent Systems

Control: DDS

Access: XMPP, REST Collect:

MQTT, CoAP

Process: AMQP


AMQP: Process Device Data


Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)


AMQP Queuing Model



XMPP: Access Device Data


Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)


MQTT: Collect Device Data


Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)

Understanding the IoT Protocols© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.


DDS: Distribute Device Data


Real-Time Analytics &

Control

Operator HMI

Sensors Actuators

Cloud Integration

Data Distribution Service (DDS)


DDS: The Software DataBus

• Data centric– Like a database for

moving data

• Decouples modules– Like SOA

• Plug and play flexibility– Like a hardware bus

• Peer-to-peer performance

– Like streaming protocols

• Standards-based interoperability

– Like TCP/IP


Data-Centric Messaging Bus

Scalable, high performance, reliable infrastructure

DataBus™


Many Others


What Do the Things Do?

Industrial Internet of Things Use Cases


Smart Machines in the IIoT

• Defense

• Unmanned Vehicles

• Transportation

• Industrial

• Healthcare

• Energy

• Communications



Critical Energy Infrastructure

• RTI middleware controls the 6.8 GW Grand Coulee Dam

– Largest power plant in North America

– Fastest-responding major power source on the Western Grid

– Requires 24x7 operation

• RTI met the challenges– Extreme availability– Wide area communications– Multi-level routing– High security– 300k data values

• RTI system live now



Distributed Power Generation

• Siemens Wind Power fields farms of 500 turbines with 100m blades

• DDS enables fast control within turbines and distributed gust mitigation across the array

• RTI will also integrate with predictive maintenance and business diagnostics

• RTI melds real-time with IT



Smart Grid Distribution and Control

• MicroGrids connect generation, load, and storage to optimize usage and eliminate traditional grid infrastructure

• Deploying at Toronto Hydro

• Connext™ DDS middleware seamlessly integrates apps, enforces security, merges NI LabVIEW



Asset Tracking: Fit to Architecture

• The US Army Blue Force Tracker (JBC-P) must process 200,000+ tracks.

• Transactional design was:– 1.5m SLOC– 12,000 tracks– 11 servers w/88 cores

• The DDS design is:– 50k SLOC– 250,000 tracks– 80% of a single core– Fully redundant– Reliable multicast



Mining: Harsh Environment

• Joy Mining is the world’s largest mining equipment manufacturer

• DDS connects the controller, operator GUI, and historian

• Reliable, fast connectivity enables control, debugging, and system health monitoring for continuous mining



EMS: Device Integration

• The largest EMS equipment provider will use DDS for their entire product line…for the next 20 years

• Provides emergency response equipment to 60% of the world’s emergency vehicles

• DDS middleware provides easy connectivity, performance, reliability, medical certification option



EMS: Cloud Integration


Connecting devices with hospitals to provide better treatment while en-route

4G/LTE


Medical Imaging

• Coordination– ECG sync– Generator– Scanner– Power– Servo

• Burst image data acquisition

• Control & monitoring– Systems ready for scan– Status during scan

• Operator interface• Integration

– Many languages, OS, data models

– Data archiving



Device Connection for Patient Safety

• Hospital error is the 6th leading cause of preventable death

• DocBox integrates devices to improve patient safety

• RTI Connext ties together devices, services, and displays in real time


“RTI Connext DDS met all our needs – whether

we’re handling 12 patients, or 200.”

-- DocBox Founder, Tracy Rausch


Hospital: System of Systems Integration

• Hospital net challenge– 1000s of patients, >100k

devices

– Wired/wireless/ISM

– Moving patients

– 100% uptime, security

– Real-time waveforms

• DDS technology– Data centric addressing

– Smart data filtering

– Routed deployment

– Optimized updates

– Automated test harness



Smart Cars

• The VW Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety system combines radars, laser range finders, and video to assist safe operation

• It helps avoid obstacles, detect lane departures, track eye activity, and safely negotiate bends

• Advanced safety systems must connect to existing hardware. RTI middleware bridges high speed networking to the CAN bus



Distributed Test

• A modern car contains 100+ CPUs

• Audi uses hardware-in-the-loop simulation to feed realistic data to components in a lab for testing

• RTI middleware enables a modular test environment that scales to work with hundreds of devices



Pilotless Airplanes

• RTI leads in defining a standard architectures for unmanned vehicles and avionics

• RTI chairs the architecture for UCS (ground stations) and is key at FACE (avionics)

• RTI is building a DO178C-level A safety-certified DDS



Air Traffic Control: 24x7 Operation

DDS was selected for its extensive compliance with the Object Management Group (OMG) DDS standard; its high security rating; its wide support of tools and programming languages, and its reputation for performance, scalability, and 24/7 reliability

– Sid Koslow, Chief Technology Officer, NAV CANADA.


Air Traffic Control for Canada2nd largest ANSP in the world80 sites

How to Choose?

Picking an Architecture


Types of Middleware


Point-to-Point Client/Server

Brokered

ESB

Daemon

Publish/Subscribe

Data-Centric

Publish/Subscribe (DCPS)

Data-Centric

DataBus

Queuing


How to Choose?



Identify Your Primary Challenge


Web Services and Business Apps

Devices and Intelligent Systems

Control: DDS

Access: XMPP, REST Collect:

MQTT, CoAP

Process: AMQP


Choose MQTT If…

• Think of it as collection?

• Little device-device communications?

• Large number of devices?

• Very small devices?

• 3 or 4 => MQTT


Collect:MQTT, CoAP


Choose AMQP If…

• Distributing work, not information?

• Just send A to B?

• Speed & CPU use not important?

• Can’t lose anything?

• 3 or 4 => AMQP


Process: AMQP


Choose XMPP/REST If…

• Use the word “my”?

• Few connectivity points in large space?

• Speed & CPU use not important?

• “Always” connected?

• 3 or 4 => XMPP or REST



Choose DDS If…

• Disaster if offline for 5 minutes?

• Measure performance in ms or us? Or scale >100+ applications? Or 10k+ data values?

• Code actively developed for >3 yrs?

• 2 or 3 => DDS


Control: DDS


Unit DataBusUnit DataBus

Extend End-to-End

• Connect…– Fast– Seamless– QoS controlled– Secure– Data centric

• …80 Platforms…– Micro controllers– Certified systems– Embedded– Mobile– Desktop– Cloud

• …over 12 Transports– UDP or TCP– D/TLS (secure)– Wireless or wired– Shared memory– Backplane– Cloud virtual connect


IntelligentMachines

IntelligentSystems

IntelligentIndustrial Internet

Cloud DataBus

Site DataBus

IntelligentSystem of Systems

Unit DataBus

Sense Act

Think HMI

Machine DataBus

Think HMI

Machine DataBus

Sense Act

Think HMI

Machine DataBus


Strive For: One Logical Dataspace…

DDS DataBus

Sensors Actuators

Analytics & Control

HMI/UIIT, Cloud & SoS

Connectivity



…Hiding Complex Network Topologies

ActuatorsSensors

Analytics, control

HMI

ActuatorsSensors

Analytics, control

HMI

ActuatorsSensors

Analytics, control

HMI

Analytics, control

HMI

Centralized analytics

Decentralized devices, streaming analytics and control



Integrate to Complete System

• Routing Technologies

– ESBs (Camel)

– Real-Time (DDS Routing Service)


MQTT

Web

FieldBusses

AMQPJMS

TCP

Routing Service

Pluggable Adapters

Transformation Engine

Database Historian

DDS Databus

DDS Databus


Example Protocol Challenges in Power


Grid Control

Optimize BillingBalance Grid

CollectMeter Data Turn My

Lights Off

Manage Loading

Distributed Control

SCADA Control

Device ServiceREST CoAP


Conclusions

• The IoT is Huge

– Many challenges!

– Many technologies, many protocols

• Design for Best Fit

– Determine your hardest problem

– Choose the primary protocol to solve it

• Build a coherent data space

– Extend your primary choice to its reasonable limits

– Route to integrate legacy & best-of-class technologies



The Future is Now



About RTI

• Market Leader– Over 70% DDS mw market share1

– Largest embedded middleware vendor2

– 2013 Gartner Cool Vendor for technology and Open Community Source model

• Standards Leader– Active in 15 standards efforts– OMG Board of Directors– DDS authors, chair, wire spec, security, more

• Real-Time Pedigree– Founded by Stanford researchers– High-performance control, tools history

• Maturity Leader– ~700 designs; by far the most-used DDS– TRL 9


1Embedded Market Forecasters2VDC Analyst Report


Critical Infrastructure Trusts RTI

• World’s largest Wind Power company• World’s largest Underground Mining Equipment company• World’s largest Navy (all surface ships)• World’s largest Automotive company• World’s largest Emergency Medical System company• World’s largest Medical Imaging provider• World’s 2nd largest Patient Monitoring manufacturer• World’s 2nd largest Air Traffic control system• World’s largest Broadcast Video Equipment manufacturer• World’s largest Launch Control System• World’s largest Telescope (under construction)• World’s 5th-largest Oil & Gas company• World’s 6th-largest power plant (largest in US)• All of world’s top ten defense companies


Over $1 trillion relies on RTI