Understanding the Internet of Things Protocols

Your systems. Working as one.Your systems. Working as one.

Understanding the Internet of Things Protocols

DDS, MQTT, & AMQP

What is the Internet of Things?

© 2013 Real-Time Innovations (RTI)

But What does That Imply?

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What is the Internet of Things?

• Cisco “Internet of Everything”– …the latest wave of the Internet -- connecting physical objects…to

provide better safety, comfort, and efficiency• IBM “Internet of Things”

– …a completely new world-wide web, one comprised of the messages that digitally empowered devices would send to one another. It is the same Internet, but not the same Web.

• GE “Industrial Internet”– …convergence of machine and intelligent data…to create brilliant

machines• RTI “Your Systems. Working as One.”

– …an entirely new utility. As profound as the cell network, GPS, or the Internet itself. The Internet of Things and the Intelligent Systems it enables will fundamentally change our world.

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What Connects the Things?

IoT Standard Protocols

© 2013 Real-Time Innovations (RTI) 4

MQTT: Collect Device Data


Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)5


DDS: Distribute Device Data


Real-Time Analytics &

ControlOperator HMI

Sensors Actuators

IT and/or Cloud

Integration

Data Distribution Service (DDS)7

AMQP: Process Device Data (on Servers)


Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)8


Connecting the Internet of Things

• S2S– Biz intelligence– Centralized/ESB– ~100ms– MQ/AMQP

• D2S– Collect data– Hub & spoke– ~10ms– MQTT/CoAP

• D2D– Control, distribute– Databus– ~.01ms– DDS

Web Services and Business Apps

Server-to-Server (S2S)

Devices and Intelligent Systems

Device-to-Device

Deviceto

Server (D2S)

DDS Builds Intelligent Systems


DDS: The Software DataBus™

• Data centric– Structured, accessible data– Like a database for moving

data• Independent modules

– Supports SOA• Plug and play flexibility

– Like a hardware bus• Peer-to-peer performance

– Like streaming protocols• Standards-based

interoperability– Like TCP/IP


Data-Centric Messaging Bus

Scalable, high performance, reliable infrastructure

DataBus™

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Managing State

• Data centric– Single version of truth– Known structure– Clear rules for access, changes, updates

• Technologies– Database– Data-centric middleware


Intelligent Distributed Systems Need…

• Reliable Operation• Deterministic Performance• System Integration• Flexible Transports• Crisp Interface Design• Easy Tech Upgrades• Multi-Channel

Connections• Open Architecture• Wireless Links

• Legacy Integration• Hardware in the Loop• Scalability• Database Integration• High Throughput• Reliable Uptime• Industry Interoperation• Small Device Connection• Large Fan In/Out• Real-Time and IT Integration


Reliable Operation

• Air traffic control requires 24x7 operation. Hot swap service is critical hardware or software failures mean flight delays and substantial costs

• Redundant networks, data, sensors and RTI middleware provide non-stop reliability


Deterministic Performance

• The Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery (MIRS) system at DLR coordinates three robots to perform delicate heart surgery.

• The system closes a distributed loop between the robots and the remote surgeon’s control at 3kHz.

• RTI delivers messages in real time


System Integration

• RTI is the leading vendor of combat system messaging

• RTI connects disparate systems, merges multiple languages on multiple operating systems, handles DIL links and legacy interfaces

• RTI enables easy, large-scale integration


Multi-Channel Connections

• The BASE TEN RoboScout unmanned ground vehicle integrates steering, braking, acceleration, dashboard, mapping, and up to 12 video feeds

• “RTI is at the core of our modular and highly scalable environment.”

Josef SchröttleHead of Design & DevelopmentBASE TEN SYSTEMS Electronics

GmbH© 2013 Real-Time Innovations (RTI) 17

Flexible Transports

• CAE, one of the world's leading providers of simulation and training, uses RTI over high-bandwidth IEEE-1394 for its flight simulator

• Middleware provides transport portability and architecture interoperability

"In the past we probably would have developed an expensive, proprietary system for data communications. By using RTI, we were able to deliver a proven, reliable and cost effective solution to our customers.”

- Peter Jarvis, Chief Designer


Wireless Links

• NASA’s Human-Robotic Systems prototypes robots for extraterrestrial surfaces

• The project coordinates four NASA centers building four different robots. They operate in realistic environments, including over low-bandwidth, high-delay, lossy communications

• RTI middleware allows these very different systems to share common data communications over disadvantaged links


DIL Connection


Advanced Tech in Legacy Environments

• The VW Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety system combines radars, laser range finders, and video to assist safe operation

• It helps avoid obstacles, detect lane departures, track eye activity, and safely negotiate bends

• Advanced safety systems must connect to existing hardware. RTI middleware bridges high speed networking to the CAN bus


Hardware in the Loop Test

• A modern car contains 100+ CPUs

• Audi uses hardware-in-the-loop simulation to feed realistic data to components in a lab for testing

• RTI middleware enables a modular test environment that scales to work with hundreds of devices


Scalability

• Harmonic transmission and video switching equipment delivers worldwide video-on-demand

• RTI handles 1,000s of clients, 1,000,000s of messages

• RTI enables high-performance scalability and future extensibility


Database Integration

• Light and strong advanced composites make advanced aircraft quiet and efficient

• Lund Engineering uses RTI to integrate the composite inspection system

• Critically, all data must be saved for validation; RTI’s database integration saves all data to permanent storage


High Throughput

• RTI powers Varian’s NMR and MRI product lines

• Any one of the sixteen MRI receivers can saturate a 1Gbit network.

• RTI controls and optimizes network use to handle megabytes of load without losing data

“RTI delivered great functionality at a low cost. Using RTI middleware saved us a lot of money, time, and effort compared to our previous in-house developed solution.”


Reliable Uptime

• Mevion’s Proton-Beam Radiation Therapy system zaps tumors with accelerated protons

• The treatment must be continuous for 30-40 days; downtime endangers treatment success

• Mevion’s PBRT delivers dependable treatment at low cost


Industry Interoperation

• The Integrated Clinical Environment (ICE) standard specifies interoperability for medical devices

• All ICU & operating room devices — from blood pressure cuffs to intravenous pumps to ventilators — could be interconnected according to the ICE standard

– Complete logging– Automatic error detection– Better care

• The DDS standard and RTI middleware enables plug & play interoperability across manufacturers


Small Device Connection

• Schneider PLCs operate modern factories

• Manufacturing requires fast data, even with limited memory and processing power

• RTI middleware connects powerful computers to deeply embedded devices with limited memory


Fan Out/Fan In

• Blue Force Tracker (JBC-P) must process 200,000+ tracks.

• The legacy design was:– Proprietary – 1.5m SLOC– 12,000 tracks– 11 servers w/88 cores– Unreliable

• The DDS design is:– 100% standards based– 50k SLOC– 250,000 tracks– 80% of a single core– Fully redundant– Reliable multicast


Real-Time & IT Integration

• Siemens Wind Power fields farms of 500 turbines with 100m blades

• RTI enables fast control within turbines and distributed gust mitigation across the array

• RTI will also integrate with predictive maintenance and business diagnostics

• RTI melds real-time with IT


Why a DataBus Transport?

• Connects quickly, easily, powerfully• Reduces risk

– Proven, reusable, certified• Saves money

– Decouples large problem into solvable pieces

• Enables advanced capability– Reliability: redundant, 24x7 operation– Performance: microsecond latency,

megabyte throughput– Integration: Any transport, OS, language


DataBus

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Fundamental Diff: Brokers vs DataBusAMQP, MQTT, CoAP

• Centralized Hub and spoke– Comms route through server– Web server, broker or ESB

• Server queues messages with simple QoS (e.g. TCP)

• Simplified discovery• Server challenges: failover, latency

under load, error recovery

DDS

• Decentralized Peer-to-peer– Fully embeddable– No external sftw (e.g., broker)

• Bus shares data with complex QoS• Discovery challenge• No single point of failure,

bottleneck, or service interruptions


Device

App App App

Device Device

Server /Broker / ESB

Device

App

Device or Dedicated System

App App App App

Types of Flow


Point-to-Point Client/Server Publish/Subscribe

BrokeredESB

Daemon

Pub/Sub Messaging

Data-CentricPublish/Subscribe (DCPS)

Data-Centric


IoT…Not Quite That Simple

Web Services and Business Apps

Server-to-Server (S2S)

Devices and Intelligent Systems

Control Plane

Device-to-Device

Deviceto

Server (D2S)

Tim

elin

ess

of R

espo

nse

10μs

–10m

s10

ms–

1s>

1s

Another Perspective

Control

Management

Analysis

Tim

elin

ess

of R

espo

nse

10μs

–10m

s10

ms–

1s>

1s

•Process control and workflow•Presentation of “live” data•Security policy enforcement

•Human input / output•Configuration management•Data mining and analysis

•Equipment control and monitoring•Performance measurement and calibration•Fault isolation and automated recovery


DeviceDeviceDevice

App

Device

App

IoT Protocol Soup

Device

Broker/ESB

AppApp

App

MQ, AMQP

Intelligent System

App App App App

DDS

MQTT

App App


App

Device

App

DeviceDevice

CoAP

RS

RS

• S2S: BI, storage, cloud, slow, 100ms

• D2S: Telemetry, hub & spoke, 10ms• D2D: Control/dist, Databus, .01ms

The Internet of Things…Coming Soon

• Every industry, every device will change• IoT needs many protocols

– Server-to-server: AMQP, MQ, SOAP, etc.– Device-to-server: MQTT, CoAP– Device to device: DDS– Control plane: melting pot…

• Basic protocol use– MQTT collects device data for server use– DDS shares device data to build Intelligent

Systems– AMQP messages between servers



About RTI

• Market Leader– Over 70% DDS mw market share1

– Largest embedded middleware vendor2

• Standards Leader– Active in 15 standards efforts– OMG Board of Directors– DDS authors

• Real-Time Pedigree– Founded by Stanford researchers– High-performance control, tools history

• Maturity Leader– 600+ designs– TRL 9 1Embedded Market Forecasters

2VDC Analyst Report

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© 2013 Real-Time Innovations (RTI)2008

Global Support and Distribution

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Technology

Understanding the Internet of Things Protocols