Tissues• Groups of cells similar

in structure and function

• 4 types– Epithelial, connective,

muscular and nervous

Credits Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous

http://www.flickr.com/photos/jorrflv/1451540811/in/set-72157602184151046/

Epithelial Tissue• Cellularity• Supported by connective

tissue• A vascular but innervated• Regenerative• Classifications

– Simple or stratified• Special Contacts

– Junctions and desmosomes• Polarity

– Apical and basal

Tissues Stratified Simple

http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=epithelial+tissue&gbv=2

Simple Epithelial

• Single layer• 4 classification types

– Squamous, cuboidal, columnar and pseudostratified columnar

Tissues Epithelial Simple Squamous Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar

http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=epithelial+tissue&gbv=2

Simple Squamous Epithelial• Single layer of flattened

cells with disc-shaped nuclei and sparse cytoplasm

• Functions– Diffusion and filtration– Provides slick friction

• Present in– Kidney glome ruli, lining of

heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and serosae

Tissues Epithelial Simple Epithelial Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar

Simple Columnar Epithelial• Single layer of tall cells

with oval nuclei• Many contain cilia• Contains goblet cells• Functions

– Absorption, secretion, nonciliated type lines• Digestive tract and

gallbladder– Ciliated type lines

• Small bronchi, uterine tubes and regions of uterus

Tissues Epithelial Simple Epithelial Simple Cuboidal Simple Squamous Pseudostratified Columnar

http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=epithelial+tissue&gbv=2

Simple Cuboidal Epithelial

• Single layer of cube-shaped cells with large, spherical central nuclei

• Functions– Secretion and

absorption• Present in

– Kidney tubules, ducts, secretory portions of small glands and on ovary surface

Tissues Epithelial Simple Epithelial Simple Columnar Simple Squamous Pseudostratified Columnar

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial

• Single layer of tall cells with different heights

• Some cells don’t reach free surface

• Nuclei seen at different layers• Functions

– Secretion and propulsion of mucus

• Present in– Non ciliated male sperm

carrying ducts and ducts of large glands, ciliated trachea and upper respiratory tract

Tissues Epithelial Simple Epithelial Simple Columnar Simple Squamous Simple Cuboidal

Stratified Epithelial

• Two or more layers of cells

• More durable than simple epithelial

• Four types– Stratified squamous,

stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar and transitional

Tissues Epithelial Stratified Squamous Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Columnar Transitional

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=stratified+epithelial

Stratified Squamous Epithelial• Thick membrane

composed of several layers of cells

• Function– Protects areas subject to

abrasion • Forms

– external part of skin’s epidermis, linings of esophagus, mouth an vagina

Tissues Epithelial Stratified Epithelial Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Columnar Transitional

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial

• Typically two cell layers • Rare• Found in sweat and

mammary glands

Tissues Epithelial Stratified Epithelial Stratified Squamous Stratified Columnar Transitional

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=stratified+cuboidal

Stratified Columnar Epithelial• Limited distribution to

body• Present in

– Pharynx, male urethra and lining of some glandular ducts

• Occurs at– Transition areas between

two other types of epithelial

• Only layer is the apical layer

Tissues Epithelial Stratified Epithelial Stratified Squamous Stratified Cuboidal Transitional

Transitional Epithelial

• Several cell layers• Basal cells are cuboidal• Surface cells are dome

shaped• Stretchy• Lines

– Urinary bladder, ureters and part of urethra

Tissues Epithelial Stratified Epithelial Stratified Squamous Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Columnar

Connective Tissue• Most abundant and widely

distributed in primary tissues• Found throughout body• Four main types

– Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone and blood

• Functions– Binding and support,

protection, insulation and transportation

• Three common properties– Mesenchyme as common

tissue of origin, degrees of vascularity, extracellular matrix

Tissues Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood

http://washington.uwc.edu/about/faculty/schaefer_w/TISSUES/fibrous_connective_tissue_tendon.jpg

Connective Tissue Proper

• Two subclasses– Loose and dense

• Contains majority of mature connective tissue

• Consists of living cells surrounded by a matrix

Tissues Connective Tissue Cartilage Bone Blood Loose Connective Tissue Dense Connective Tissue

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/Labs.f04/connective%2520lab/s4810x.jpg&imgrefurl=http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/Labs.f04/connective%2520lab/Lab3f04.html&h=576&w=432&sz=300&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=r2UwEDPOLr2BBM:&tbnh=134&tbnw=101&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dconnective%2Btissue%2Bproper%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den

Loose Connective Tissue

• Three types– Areolar, adipose and

reticular

• 4 main functions– Support and bind other

tissues, holds body fluids, defends against infection, stores nutrients as fat

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Dense Connective Tissue Areolar Adipose Reticular

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=loose+connective+tissue+

Areolar Connective Tissue

• Gel like matrix• Contains

– Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some white blood cells

• Cushions organs• Widely distributed

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Loose Connective Tissue Adipose Reticular

Adipose Connective Tissue • Similar matrix to areolar

connective tissue• Adiopcytes closely packed

together• Functions

– Stores and reserves food, insulates against heat loss, supports, and protects

• Present in– Under the skin, around

kidneys, within abdomen and in breasts

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Loose Connective Tissue Reticular Areolar

Reticular Connective Tissue

• Loose ground substance with reticular fibers

• Cells live in a fiber network

• Forms soft internal skeleton

• Found in– Lymph nodes, bone

marrow and spleen

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Loose Connective Tissue Areolar Adipose

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=reticular+tissue

Dense Connective Tissue

• Two types– Regular and irregular

• Fibers are predominant elements

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Loose Connective Tissue Dense Regular Dense Irregular

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=dense+connective+tissue

Dense Regular Connective Tissue • Parallel collagen fibers

with few elastic fibers• Major cell type is

fibroblasts• Attaches muscle to bone

or to other muscles and bone to bone

• Present in– Tendons, ligaments and

aponeuroses

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Dense Connective Tissue Dense Irregular

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue • Irregularly arranged thick

collagen fibers with some elastic fibers

• Major cell type is fibroblasts• Withstands tension in many

directions • Provides structural strength• Found in the dermis• Forms fibrous joint capsules

and fibrous coverings that surround some organs

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Dense Connective Tissue Dense Regular

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=dense+irregular+tissue

Cartilage• Stands up to tension and

compression• Lacks nerve fibers• A vascular• Tough but flexible• Chondroblasts• 80% water• Heals slowly • Three varieties

– Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartliage

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Bone Blood Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=cartilage+tissue

Hyaline Cartilage• Amorphous• Firm matrix with

imperceptible network of collagen fibers

• Chondrocytes lie in lacunae• Functions

• Supports, cushions and resists compression

• Forms costal cartilage• Present in

• Embryonic skeleton, ends of long bones, nose, trachea and larynx

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Bone Blood Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage

Elastic Cartilage• Similar to hyaline

cartilage but with more elastic fibers

• Maintains shape and structure

• Allows flexibility• Supports

• External ear and epiglottis• Found where strength

and stretchability are necessary

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Bone Blood Cartilage Hyaline Cartilage Fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage• Matrix similar to hyaline

cartilage• Less firm with thick

collagen fibers• Provides tensile strength• Absorbs compression

shock• Present in

• Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis and discs of knee joint

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Bone Blood Cartilage Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage

Bone• Osseous tissue• Hard• Calcified matrix with collagen

fibers• Osteocytes found in lacunae • Functions

• Supports, protects and provides levers for muscular action

• Stores• Calcium, minerals and fat,

marrow in bone

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Blood Cartilage

• Red and white cells in fluid matrix contained within blood vessels

• Functions in transport of• Respiratory gases,

nutrients and wastes

Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Bone Cartilage

Blood

• Possesses myofilaments • 3 types

• Smooth, skeletal and cardiac

Tissues Smooth Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Muscular Tissue

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=muscular+tissue

• Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells

• Functions• Initiates and controls

voluntary movement

• Present in• Skeletal muscles that

attach to bones or skin

Tissues Muscular Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=skeletal+tissue

• Branching, striated, uninucleate cells that inter-block at intercalated discs

• Propels blood into circulation

• Present in walls of heart

Tissues Muscular Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=cardiac+tissue

• Sheets of spindle• Propels substances

along internal passageways

• Present in walls of hollow organs

• involuntary

Tissues Muscular Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Smooth Muscle Tissue

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=smooth+muscle+tissue

• Branched neurons with long cellular processes and supports cells

• Functions• Transmits electrical

signals from sensory receptors to effectors

• Present in• Brain, spinal cord and

peripheral nerves

Tissues

Nervous Tissue

http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=nervous+tissue

• Sound- Adobe Soundbooth and Brittney Bennett• Song-Brandon Millares• Images from slides 4,6,7,9,11,12,16,17,20,23,24,25,26 and 27 -Brittney Bennett• Tissues-http://www.flickr.com/photos/jorrflv/1451540811/in/set-72157602184151046

• Epithelial Tissue, Simple Epithelial and Simple Columnar-http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=epithelial+tissue&gbv=2

• Stratified epithelial-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=stratified+epithelial

• Stratified cuboidal-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=stratified+cuboidal

• Connective Tissue-http://washington.uwc.edu/about/faculty/schaefer_w/TISSUES/fibrous_connective_tissue_tendon.jpg

• Connective Tissue Proper-http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/Labs.f04/connective%2520lab/s4810x.jpg&imgrefurl=http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/Labs.f04/connective%2520lab/Lab3f04.html&h=576&w=432&sz=300&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=r2UwEDPOLr2BBM:&tbnh=134&tbnw=101&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dconnective%2Btissue%2Bproper%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den

• Loose Connective Tissue- http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=loose+connective+tissue

• Reticular Connective Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=reticular+tissue

• Dense Connective Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=dense+connective+tissue

• Dense Irregular-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=dense+irregular+tissue

• Cartilage-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=cartilage+tissue

• Muscular Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=muscular+tissue

• Skeletal Muscle Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=skeletal+tissue

• Cardiac Muscle Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=cardiac+tissue

• Smooth Muscle Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=smooth+muscle+tissue

• Nervous Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=nervous+tissue

• Special thanks to Mr.Orr for letting me live in his room for a whole week!

Credits