Tissues• Groups of cells similar
in structure and function
• 4 types– Epithelial, connective,
muscular and nervous
Credits Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jorrflv/1451540811/in/set-72157602184151046/
Epithelial Tissue• Cellularity• Supported by connective
tissue• A vascular but innervated• Regenerative• Classifications
– Simple or stratified• Special Contacts
– Junctions and desmosomes• Polarity
– Apical and basal
Tissues Stratified Simple
http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=epithelial+tissue&gbv=2
Simple Epithelial
• Single layer• 4 classification types
– Squamous, cuboidal, columnar and pseudostratified columnar
Tissues Epithelial Simple Squamous Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar
http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=epithelial+tissue&gbv=2
Simple Squamous Epithelial• Single layer of flattened
cells with disc-shaped nuclei and sparse cytoplasm
• Functions– Diffusion and filtration– Provides slick friction
• Present in– Kidney glome ruli, lining of
heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and serosae
Tissues Epithelial Simple Epithelial Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar
Simple Columnar Epithelial• Single layer of tall cells
with oval nuclei• Many contain cilia• Contains goblet cells• Functions
– Absorption, secretion, nonciliated type lines• Digestive tract and
gallbladder– Ciliated type lines
• Small bronchi, uterine tubes and regions of uterus
Tissues Epithelial Simple Epithelial Simple Cuboidal Simple Squamous Pseudostratified Columnar
http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=epithelial+tissue&gbv=2
Simple Cuboidal Epithelial
• Single layer of cube-shaped cells with large, spherical central nuclei
• Functions– Secretion and
absorption• Present in
– Kidney tubules, ducts, secretory portions of small glands and on ovary surface
Tissues Epithelial Simple Epithelial Simple Columnar Simple Squamous Pseudostratified Columnar
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial
• Single layer of tall cells with different heights
• Some cells don’t reach free surface
• Nuclei seen at different layers• Functions
– Secretion and propulsion of mucus
• Present in– Non ciliated male sperm
carrying ducts and ducts of large glands, ciliated trachea and upper respiratory tract
Tissues Epithelial Simple Epithelial Simple Columnar Simple Squamous Simple Cuboidal
Stratified Epithelial
• Two or more layers of cells
• More durable than simple epithelial
• Four types– Stratified squamous,
stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar and transitional
Tissues Epithelial Stratified Squamous Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Columnar Transitional
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=stratified+epithelial
Stratified Squamous Epithelial• Thick membrane
composed of several layers of cells
• Function– Protects areas subject to
abrasion • Forms
– external part of skin’s epidermis, linings of esophagus, mouth an vagina
Tissues Epithelial Stratified Epithelial Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Columnar Transitional
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial
• Typically two cell layers • Rare• Found in sweat and
mammary glands
Tissues Epithelial Stratified Epithelial Stratified Squamous Stratified Columnar Transitional
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=stratified+cuboidal
Stratified Columnar Epithelial• Limited distribution to
body• Present in
– Pharynx, male urethra and lining of some glandular ducts
• Occurs at– Transition areas between
two other types of epithelial
• Only layer is the apical layer
Tissues Epithelial Stratified Epithelial Stratified Squamous Stratified Cuboidal Transitional
Transitional Epithelial
• Several cell layers• Basal cells are cuboidal• Surface cells are dome
shaped• Stretchy• Lines
– Urinary bladder, ureters and part of urethra
Tissues Epithelial Stratified Epithelial Stratified Squamous Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Columnar
Connective Tissue• Most abundant and widely
distributed in primary tissues• Found throughout body• Four main types
– Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone and blood
• Functions– Binding and support,
protection, insulation and transportation
• Three common properties– Mesenchyme as common
tissue of origin, degrees of vascularity, extracellular matrix
Tissues Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood
http://washington.uwc.edu/about/faculty/schaefer_w/TISSUES/fibrous_connective_tissue_tendon.jpg
Connective Tissue Proper
• Two subclasses– Loose and dense
• Contains majority of mature connective tissue
• Consists of living cells surrounded by a matrix
Tissues Connective Tissue Cartilage Bone Blood Loose Connective Tissue Dense Connective Tissue
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/Labs.f04/connective%2520lab/s4810x.jpg&imgrefurl=http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/Labs.f04/connective%2520lab/Lab3f04.html&h=576&w=432&sz=300&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=r2UwEDPOLr2BBM:&tbnh=134&tbnw=101&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dconnective%2Btissue%2Bproper%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den
Loose Connective Tissue
• Three types– Areolar, adipose and
reticular
• 4 main functions– Support and bind other
tissues, holds body fluids, defends against infection, stores nutrients as fat
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Dense Connective Tissue Areolar Adipose Reticular
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=loose+connective+tissue+
Areolar Connective Tissue
• Gel like matrix• Contains
– Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some white blood cells
• Cushions organs• Widely distributed
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Loose Connective Tissue Adipose Reticular
Adipose Connective Tissue • Similar matrix to areolar
connective tissue• Adiopcytes closely packed
together• Functions
– Stores and reserves food, insulates against heat loss, supports, and protects
• Present in– Under the skin, around
kidneys, within abdomen and in breasts
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Loose Connective Tissue Reticular Areolar
Reticular Connective Tissue
• Loose ground substance with reticular fibers
• Cells live in a fiber network
• Forms soft internal skeleton
• Found in– Lymph nodes, bone
marrow and spleen
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Loose Connective Tissue Areolar Adipose
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=reticular+tissue
Dense Connective Tissue
• Two types– Regular and irregular
• Fibers are predominant elements
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Loose Connective Tissue Dense Regular Dense Irregular
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=dense+connective+tissue
Dense Regular Connective Tissue • Parallel collagen fibers
with few elastic fibers• Major cell type is
fibroblasts• Attaches muscle to bone
or to other muscles and bone to bone
• Present in– Tendons, ligaments and
aponeuroses
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Dense Connective Tissue Dense Irregular
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue • Irregularly arranged thick
collagen fibers with some elastic fibers
• Major cell type is fibroblasts• Withstands tension in many
directions • Provides structural strength• Found in the dermis• Forms fibrous joint capsules
and fibrous coverings that surround some organs
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage Bone Blood Dense Connective Tissue Dense Regular
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=dense+irregular+tissue
Cartilage• Stands up to tension and
compression• Lacks nerve fibers• A vascular• Tough but flexible• Chondroblasts• 80% water• Heals slowly • Three varieties
– Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartliage
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Bone Blood Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=cartilage+tissue
Hyaline Cartilage• Amorphous• Firm matrix with
imperceptible network of collagen fibers
• Chondrocytes lie in lacunae• Functions
• Supports, cushions and resists compression
• Forms costal cartilage• Present in
• Embryonic skeleton, ends of long bones, nose, trachea and larynx
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Bone Blood Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage• Similar to hyaline
cartilage but with more elastic fibers
• Maintains shape and structure
• Allows flexibility• Supports
• External ear and epiglottis• Found where strength
and stretchability are necessary
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Bone Blood Cartilage Hyaline Cartilage Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage• Matrix similar to hyaline
cartilage• Less firm with thick
collagen fibers• Provides tensile strength• Absorbs compression
shock• Present in
• Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis and discs of knee joint
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Bone Blood Cartilage Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage
Bone• Osseous tissue• Hard• Calcified matrix with collagen
fibers• Osteocytes found in lacunae • Functions
• Supports, protects and provides levers for muscular action
• Stores• Calcium, minerals and fat,
marrow in bone
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Blood Cartilage
• Red and white cells in fluid matrix contained within blood vessels
• Functions in transport of• Respiratory gases,
nutrients and wastes
Tissues Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Proper Bone Cartilage
Blood
• Possesses myofilaments • 3 types
• Smooth, skeletal and cardiac
Tissues Smooth Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Muscular Tissue
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=muscular+tissue
• Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells
• Functions• Initiates and controls
voluntary movement
• Present in• Skeletal muscles that
attach to bones or skin
Tissues Muscular Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=skeletal+tissue
• Branching, striated, uninucleate cells that inter-block at intercalated discs
• Propels blood into circulation
• Present in walls of heart
Tissues Muscular Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=cardiac+tissue
• Sheets of spindle• Propels substances
along internal passageways
• Present in walls of hollow organs
• involuntary
Tissues Muscular Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle Tissue
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=smooth+muscle+tissue
• Branched neurons with long cellular processes and supports cells
• Functions• Transmits electrical
signals from sensory receptors to effectors
• Present in• Brain, spinal cord and
peripheral nerves
Tissues
Nervous Tissue
http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=nervous+tissue
• Sound- Adobe Soundbooth and Brittney Bennett• Song-Brandon Millares• Images from slides 4,6,7,9,11,12,16,17,20,23,24,25,26 and 27 -Brittney Bennett• Tissues-http://www.flickr.com/photos/jorrflv/1451540811/in/set-72157602184151046
• Epithelial Tissue, Simple Epithelial and Simple Columnar-http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=epithelial+tissue&gbv=2
• Stratified epithelial-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=stratified+epithelial
• Stratified cuboidal-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=stratified+cuboidal
• Connective Tissue-http://washington.uwc.edu/about/faculty/schaefer_w/TISSUES/fibrous_connective_tissue_tendon.jpg
• Connective Tissue Proper-http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/Labs.f04/connective%2520lab/s4810x.jpg&imgrefurl=http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/Labs.f04/connective%2520lab/Lab3f04.html&h=576&w=432&sz=300&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=r2UwEDPOLr2BBM:&tbnh=134&tbnw=101&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dconnective%2Btissue%2Bproper%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den
• Loose Connective Tissue- http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=loose+connective+tissue
• Reticular Connective Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=reticular+tissue
• Dense Connective Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=dense+connective+tissue
• Dense Irregular-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=dense+irregular+tissue
• Cartilage-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=cartilage+tissue
• Muscular Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=muscular+tissue
• Skeletal Muscle Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=skeletal+tissue
• Cardiac Muscle Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=cardiac+tissue
• Smooth Muscle Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=smooth+muscle+tissue
• Nervous Tissue-http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&q=nervous+tissue
• Special thanks to Mr.Orr for letting me live in his room for a whole week!
Credits