Upload
cta
View
415
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
S basu
Citation preview
The Spread of System of Rice Intensification in the Above
Farmer's Level Network In Andhra Pradesh, India
Soutrik Basu*, Cees LeeuwisWageningen University
The Netherlands
Contents
Introduction
Support Network
SRI
Research Question
Methodology
Results and Discussions
Policy Implications
Introduction Diffusion of innovation is often understood by
measuring (dis)adoption dynamics among farmers
In our approach we are talking about adoption at
above-farmers level network
Above-farmers level network as a necessary
precondition for adoption at farmers level
System of Rice Intensification is researched within
the context of Andhra Pradesh, India
Support Network
Support network refers to the linkages and coalition
between different aspects of the innovation (Leeuwis,
2000; 2004)
Innovative ideas require a support network (Klerkx et al.,
2009; Leeuwis & Aarts, 2011; Schot & Geels, 2008)
Alignment of innovative ideas with new social
relationships, formal and informal rules, incentive
structures, organizational forms and control systems (Rip, 1995; Schot & Geels, 2008)
What is SRI? SRI was developed in Madagascar
Less input and more output than conventional
cultivation
Scientific rationality is heavily contested
SRI-methodology includes: single and young
seedlings, wide spacing, aerobic soil management,
limited irrigation, mechanical weeding, organic manures
SRI: Salient features Research and extension of SRI in 40 countries
A substantial number of peer reviewed article
published
Involvement of international institutions like CIIFAD,
WB, ICRISAT, different MOAs
Rapid spread around the globe
In India also a lot of involvement in above farmer’s
level
SRI related research SRI and increasing factor productivity
Critical assessment of SRI (Dobberman 2004)
Evaluation and validation of SRI (Latiff et al., 2005; 2009)
SRI and sustainable agriculture
SRI and irrigation management
SRI and (dis)adoption dynamics (Moser & Barret 2003; 2006)
SRI and farmer experience (ICRISAT-WWF project 2008)
SRI and its scientific rationality (Sheehy et al., 2005)
Many more…
Research Question
No research has been done on the adoption of SRI at
above-farmers level network
This research aims to fill the gap
How was SRI adopted in the above farmer’s
level in AP, India?
Methodology
Life- History analysis of SRI in AP– Reviewing existing literature from journals, reports etc.
– Informal interviews (15) with people involved with SRI promotion
– Focussed interviews (6) with high level officials, scientists, policy makers and NGO workers
– 5 Group discussions in Institutes involved with SRI debate
Media Analysis– Analysis of SRI website contents (7 website)
– Analysis of newspaper contents (47 articles from The Hindu between 2004-09)
– ‘The Hindu’- for reputation and large agro-based coverage
Results
Chronology of SRI roadmap (1999-2009)
Identification of actors, institutions, events within AP
Profound involvement of mass media
Patterns observed from the life history
Diverse composition of Actors and Institutions
Role of the Champions
Bypassing Research
Resource Mobilization
Media
Diverse composition of Actors Agricultural establishmentANGRAU, DRR, ICAR, DAATTC, KVK, AP Agricultural Department,& WALMTARI
Water conservation instituteWWF, ICRISAT, WASSAN
Policy related institutesNFSM, Planning commission of India
NGOsWASSAN, CROPS, CWS, SDTT, PRADAN etc.
National BankNABARD
SRI promotion transcended beyond agricultural establishment!
Role of champions
Champions (successful, influential, well designated
people )
Dr Norman Uphoff (academician, CIIFAD)
Dr A. Satyanarayana (director of extension,
ANGRAU)
Dr B. Gujja (policy advisor WWF)
Many more…
Bypassing Research
SRI was introduced directly at the farmer’s field
Regular trajectory was not followed
Time savings
Resource Mobilization
Resource mobilised from diverse sources
Initially CIIFAD
WWF-ICRISAT provided grant to DRR for doing
research on SRI as well as for documentation
NABARD, SDTT, WASSAN, DRR, ANGRAU
Chief Minister allotted 40 million INR for popularising
SRI
Media Regular coverage in Newspaper
Positive dimensions of SRI highlighted
Disadvantages ignored
Several specialized websites on SRI
Huge information on SRI has been provided (for scientists,
farmers, policy makers, extension workers)
Feedback and assistance system through website
Regular update on SRI in websites
Policy Implications
1. Do we pay enough attention in coalition building /
support network building?
2. Are networks or coalitions broad enough?
3. Do we sufficiently use mass media / internet?
The presenter gratefully acknowledges the support of following organizations
Rough content analysis of 105 articles on ‘rice’ found in the Andhra Pradesh edition of the Hindu from 2004 to August 2011
Topic Number and percentage of articles
System of Rice Intensification 70 (67%)
Volumes and levels of rice production in the State 9 (9%)
Reports on educational events, seminars, meetings and conferences on rice
8 (8%)
Policies pertaining to rice 8 (8%)
Rice prices, consumption and export 6 (6%)
Constraints in rice cultivation 4 (4%)
Distribution of SRI articles over the years.
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (till August)
Number of SRI articles
9 27 10 3 12 4 3 2
Glimpses from different websites on SRI (Source: Basu, 2009)
Web Address Provider Content Special feature
www.sri-india.net
ICRISAT-WWF project
· Detailed account on progress of SRI in different states of India
· Good documentation and regular update on SRI activities
· Detailed methodology on SRI · SRI newsletter regularly updated
· Detailed about WWF-ICRISAT partnership and progress
· large amount of publications on SRI is available
· Objectives of the project
· SRI- map of India · Information on national symposiums
on SRI
· Videos and audios on SRI
www.ciifad.cornell.edu/sri/
CIIFAD-Cornell University & TefySaina
· SRI history, detailed methodology · A comprehensive website on SRI
· Discussion forum
· Detailed report from 56 countries updated regularly on SRI
· Articles
· Research
· Videos and audios on SRI
· Slide presentations
· Manuals and Brochures
www.wassan.org/sri
Watershed Support Services and Activities Network
· District-wise information about SRI farmers in Andhra Pradesh
· Detailed description of weeders and markers needed for SRI
· Details SRI methodology
· Farmers experience with SRI
· Photo and video gallery on SRI
· Good documentation (covers almost all the books, articles and SRI newsletters and workshop reports
www.svaindia.org/sri.html
Sahabhagi Vikas Abhiyan
· Documentary film on SRI for sustainable agriculture · Village wise
examples of SRI · Detailed description on weeder and marker
http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/245848/index.html
World Bank Institute
· A detailed views of farmers, professors, policy makers on SRI
· A detailed multimedia tool kit on SRI
· A detailed methodology on SRI
www.dorabjitatatrust.org/ngo_grants/sri.aspex
Sir Dorabji Tata Trust
· Detailed SRI methodology · Advertisement of SDTT's grant to conduct research on various aspects of SRI
· Statistics of SRI promotion in India
· SDTT's contribution for SRI promotion
www.indg.in/agriculture
C-DAC · Detailed SRI technique with scientific
explanation
· Detailed SRI methodology in 6 languages Bengali, English, Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Characterisation of newspaper articles from 'The Hindu' on SRI in 2004
Date Author Title Summary of the content
05/04/2004 Suman Sahai Should India cultivate GM rice?
SRI- developed in Madagascar Showing spectacular results in India and
other countries 09/06/2004 G.V. Ramana
Rao Plans to train farmers in new method of rice cultivation
FTC action plan to train farmers on SRI SRI uses less water, no chemical fertilizer SRI very high yield SRI methodology Deputy Director of Agriculture (FTC-
Krishna) quotes in favor of SRI 15/06/2004 Staff
Reporter New system of paddy cultivation unveiled
Details SRI methodology SRI requires less seed and more yield
12/07/2004 Staff Reporter
Rice Intensification programme- a boon to farmers
SRI as a boon to farmers Government’s grant of Rs. 500/acre SRI uses 3 kg of seeds instead of 24
kg/acre in conventional method 15-20% yield increase Good option during monsoon failure Joint Director of Agriculture quotes in
favor of SRI 12/09/2004 R. Madhavan
Nair New system to boost rice yield in Wayanad
SRI significant increase in the yield Doubles production of paddy/hectare Uses only 5% seeds than conventional
method Uses 50% less water than conventional
method Details SRI methodology
13/10/2004 Staff Reporter
Paddy field reappear along KC canal
SRI has been doing well Short SRI methodology
25/11/2004 Staff Reporter
Farmers asked to adopt new method of paddy cultivation
SRI cost effective and higher yield Less water use President of Zilla Panchayat asked the
agricultural officers to educate farmers on SRI
Workshop on SRI 04/12/2004 Staff
Reporter Pest attack on paddy detected
Pest attack is negligible in SRI Crop duration is reduced by 10 days with
SRI 27/12/2004 G. Krupakar
Reddy For more rice yield
SRI less input and less water Yield increase Detailed about his experiments