Adaptation of hybrid rice technology in West Africa

R. El-Namaky, K. Traore, G. Kanfany, K. Bimpong, I. Diagne and B. Manneh

Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Saint-Louis, Senegal

Corresponding author: r.elnamaky@cgiar.org

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second largest crop grown in the world in terms of both area and production.

Hybrid rice covers about 50% or 15 million ha of the total rice area each year in China . The yearly increased of grain yield by hybrid rice can feed more than 70 million people every year.

In Africa, the quantity of rice imported/year was 12.0 million tones in 2012.

using hybrid rice with 15-20% yield advantage over improved Inbred varieties one of the best way to increase rice production.

Introduction

Objectives

1- Evaluate and demonstrate performance of hybrids in SSA countries.

2- Develop new hybrid combinations in background of African varieties.

3- Establish hybrid rice seed production systems

• 170 hybrids from China (CAAS) evaluated at 8 countries (2010-2011) for adaptability and resistance to insect and diseases.

• 28 hybrids from IRRI evaluated at AfricaRice Sahel Station, Saint Louis Senegal (2010-2011).

• 100 hybrids developed and evaluated at AfricaRice Saint Louis, Senegal 2012 -2013.

• All hybrids were evaluated under recommend culture practice in each country.

• 200 hybrid combinations were produced in small plots of hybrid seed production through three line system

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Grain yield of 122 Chinese hybrids in six countries in Africa (2010)Effect Num DF* Den DF* F-Value Prob FGenotype (Hybrids) 136 199 3.4529 <0.0001Environment (Country) 5 30 118.2648 <0.0001GxE (Hybrids* Country) 596 199 2.2987 <0.0001

Grain yield of Chinese hybrids in five countries in Africa (2011)

Performances of IRRI hybrids at Saint Louis, Senegal

IRRI - CMS lines Local African varieties DS - 2010

WS - 2010

Backcross Re-Testcross DS - 2011

BC1 Combining Ability Evaluation WS - 2011

Observational Yield Trial

Preliminary Yield Trial

DS - 2012

MET

WS- 2012

FAT

DS- 2013WS - 2013

Nominate promising hybrids for release in target countries

DS – 2014WS - 2014

BC3

BC2

BC4

Chart of hybrid rice breeding program in AfricaRice

Testcross Nursery

PAT

New CMS lines

F1- fertile ……F1- complete sterile ….

2015

BC5

PET

Identify new 50 restorer lines by SSR and confirmed by testcross

AD9246Nerica-L19SAHEL 134SAHEL 159SAHEL 328SAHEL 329Kogoni Sahel 108Nerica-L27KCDLARS -6-2-2-3ARS -7-2-2-4ARS -8-2-2-5ARS -9-1-3-1ARS -10-1-3-2ARS -11-1-3-3ARS -12-1-3-4ARS -13 -1-3-5ARS -14 - 2-1-2IR32307-10-3-2-1

Identify of new parental lines

Male parent

CMS line

50% flowering

pollen fertility

%

Spikelet fertility

%

1000 grains weight

Grain yield/

plant (g)

IR58025A/ SAHEL 329 106 99 88.4 21 42.0

IR58025A/ 08FAN2 103 99 88.1 27 44.3

IR58025A/ AD9246 111 85 90 29 52.7

IR58025A/ GIZA 178 109 80 88.7 21 56.7

IR58025A/NERICA S 19 119 99 90.1 28 63.0

IR58025A/ RC8 101 100 89.5 24 50.3

IR58025A/ SAHEL 108 116 87 92.6 25 56.0

IR58025A/ SAHEL 134 123 88 89.8 27 41.3

SAHEL 159 114 99 90 27 56.3

IR58025A/WAS 181-B-1-1 122 99 86.9 29 48.7

IR58025A/ WAS 196-B-5-1 111 99 85.5 27 57.3

Identification of new restorer lines by testcross

Hybrid Days to 50%

flowering

Plant height (cm)

Panicle lengh (cm)

Panicle m-2

Spikelet fertility

(%)

Grain yield(t ha-1)

Hybrid advantage

(%)

AR023H 85 102 24 489 82.8 10.6 20.7AR042H 91 109 27.3 490 83.7 10.5 19.65AR010H 91 105 26.2 517 82.7 10.3 17.43AR013H 90 101 28.2 495 82.3 10.1 15.22AR008H 88 107 30 415 83.7 10 13.84AR009H 87 109 26.5 425 83.1 10 13.52AR031H 88 104 29 395 83.7 10 14.23AR017H 87 106 26.7 321 82.6 9.9 12.83AR018H 87 112 24.4 407 83.6 9.9 12.96AR062H 87 111 29.7 404 94 9.9 13.31AR043H 85 107 30 373 81.7 9.8 11.17AR044H 85 107 28 421 83.7 9.7 10.21AR051H 85 108 29.3 443 81.2 9.7 10.96

Sahel 108 Ck 85 89 24.8 362 80.5 8.8 0

Performance of promising hybrids and check cultivars across 2012 and 2013

Grain physical characteristics and milling properties of promising Hybrids

No Genotypes Total Milling recovery%

Whole % 100SW (g) Scale (length) Grain Shape

7 ARS014H 69.85 a 62.77 a 2.40 bc Long Slender8 ARS011H 69.60 ab 61.07 abc 2.36 c Long Slender1 ARS009H 69.25 ab 59.79 bcd 2.70 ab Extra Long Slender11 ARS015H 68.90 ab 58.08 de 2.70 ab Extra Long Slender10 ARS004H 68.72 ab 57.48 def 2.46 bc Extra Long Slender12 ARS012H 68.70 ab 58 def 2.43 bc Long Slender3 ARS013H 68.66 ab 58.73 cde 2.36 c Extra Long Slender9 ARS007H 68.17 abc 57.66 def 2.60 abc Extra Long Slender6 ARS005H 67.86 abc 58.63 cde 2.76 a Long Slender5 ARS008H 67.79 abc 59.26 cd 2.56 abc Medium Medium4 ARS010H 67.64 abc 59.54 bcd 2.56 abc Long Slender2 ARS006H 67.02 bc 55.40 f 2.40 bc Extra Long Slender13 SAHEL 108 65.58 cd 56.51 ef 2.40 bc Long Slender

Hybrid had high milling properties long to extra long grains and slender.

More than 100 hybrids developed in Saint Louis and evaluated in observational (OB) yield trial at Fanaye Ndiaye (DS-2013).

AR013H

AR010H

AR023H

AR043H

AR003H

Combination Yield (kg/ha)

IR58025A/Sahel 108 1670

IR58025A/Giza178 1845

IR68888A/Sahel 134 1395

IR68888A/Giza 178 2450

IR69625A/Sahel 134 2160

IR69625A/Sahel329 1947

Yield of hybrid Rice Seed Production at Saint Louis, 2012 -3013

Establish hybrid rice seed production systems

PhD student from Ghana & BsC from Senegal

PhD, MSc and BSc student from Senegal, Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire, trained on all breeding activities including hybrid rice

Challenges of hybrid rice in Africa

Slow adoption of hybrid technology by rice farmers.

Slow variety release process

The higher cost of hybrid seed production .

Capacity building.

Future plan

1. Evaluate promising hybrids with 15-20% in more countries in West

and East Africa.

2. Develop new hybrids tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses.

3. Encourage private seed sector for hybrid seed production.

4. Enhance capacity building of NARS and private sector for hybrid

technology.

Are we can reach to this level?

Hybrid Seed production in

China

Trail of HRSP in Africa

Thank You