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By:Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi
Advance Textile Training Centre (ADTEC)Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata FibreReinforced Composite
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
What is Composite?Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials madefrom two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical orchemical properties which remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic levelwithin the finished structure.
Advantages: Lightweight, Good materials properties, etc.
Figure 1: Applications of composite materials.
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
Why “IMPACT STUDY” on COMPOSITES?
qComposites materials are often to used as a protective structure.
Figure 2(a)-(c): Application of protective structure
(a) Nuclear protective requirements
(b) Safety requirements for transportation
(c) Protective composnents
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
Figure 3(a)-(c): Various missile threats
qThreats from kinetic missiles.
(a) Military Application
(b) Explosion (c) Natural forces
Figure 4 (a-b): Implication of impact on concrete structural
< 1000
Head of Severity Index (HSI)
Acceleration = Velocity/ time
Important parameter:
(b) Effects on brain
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
(a) Damage on vehicle
qDangerous implication.
Energy absorption model
Acceleration-time analysis
Figure 5: Energy absorptionmodel
qSolution-New COMPOSITE materials.
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
What are Important Ingredients in Composite?Two IMPORTANT INGREDIENTS, i.e. filler (fibre reinforcement) and matrixbinder.
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
Types of FIBRE:qNatural :
Cellulose
Animal
qSynthetic :Oil based fibre.
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
Why is Natural Fibre?Nature continues to provide mankind generously with all kinds of rich resourcesin plentiful abundance, such as natural fibres from a vast number of plants.However, since the last decade, a great deal of emphasis has been focused onthe development and application of natural fibre as reinforcement in compositematerials in many industries. This is due to the natural fibres composites areundergoing a high tech revolution and are replacing conventionalcomposites in high performance applications due to their advantages overconventional reinforcements. For this reason natural fibres reinforced compositeare applicable and need broader research programmes. Moreover, due to therelatively high cost of synthetic fibres such as glass, plastic, carbon andKevlar used in fibre reinforced composites and the health hazards of asbestosfibres, it becomes necessary to explore natural fibres, e.g. cotton, sisal, jute,palm oil, paddy, ijok, etc. In addition, the main advantages of these fibres aretheir availability in large quantities in many countries, good thermal andacoustic insulating properties, better electrical resistance, higher resistance tofracture and impact absorption, low density, low cost and ease to manufacture.
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
What is Arenga Pinnata?IJUK or scientific name is Arenga Pinnata is a type of PALM TREE native totropical ASIA (inc. MALAYSIA). Medium size palm (growing up to 20m) andtrunk covered by rough old leaf bases. In this research, the composite materialis made by using IJUK fibre as reinforcement and epoxy resin as a binder.
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
Why is Arenga Pinnata fibre?qAvailability-in tropical countries, e.g. MALAYSIAqFast fibre growth rate.qInteresting finding on ITS TENSILE STRENGTH-water treatment.
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
FABRICATION PROCESS
Matrix Binder
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
MATERIAL PROPERTIES Ijuk Long random fibre vs Fibre added
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10 15 20
Weight fibre (%)
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MP
a)
Specimen 1
Specimen 2
Specimen 3
Specimen 4
Specimen 5
Ijuk Long random fibre vs Fibre added
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
10 15 20
Weight fibre (%)
Mod
ulus
str
engt
h (M
Pa)
Specimen 1
Specimen 2
Specimen 3
Specimen 4
Specimen 5
Flexural Tests
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
Ijuk Woven roving fibre vs Fibre added
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
10 15 20
Weight fibre (%)
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Specimen 1
Specimen 2
Specimen 3
Specimen 4
Specimen 5
Ijuk Woven roving fibre vs Fibre added
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
10 15 20
Weight fibre (%)
Mod
ulus
stre
ngth
(MP
a)
Specimen 1
Specimen 2
Specimen 3
Specimen 4
Specimen 5
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
Ijuk Chopped random fibre vs Fibre added
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10 15 20
Weight fibre (%)
Flex
ural
str
engt
h (M
Pa)
Specimen 1
Specimen 2
Specimen 3
Specimen 4
Specimen 5
Ijuk Chopped random fibre vs Fibre added
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
10 15 20
Weight fibre (%)
Mod
ulus
str
engt
h (M
Pa)
Specimen 1
Specimen 2
Specimen 3
Specimen 4
Specimen 5
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
Tensile TestsLong random fibre of ijuk + E Resin
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10 15 20
% wt. fibre
Tens
ile S
treng
th (M
Pa)
T1T2T3T4T5
Woven roving fibre of ijuk + E Resin
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10 15 20
% wt. fibre
Tens
ile S
treng
th (M
Pa)
U1U2U3U4U5
Chooped random fibre of ijuk + E Resin
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10 15 20
% wt. fibre
Tens
ile S
tren
gth
(MP
a)
V1V2V3V4V5
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
IMPACT PROPERTIES
Energy Adsorbed vs Fibres Added(Ijuk Woven Fibre)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
10 15 20
Fibre Added (%)
Ene
rgy
Adso
rbed
(J)
CR1CR2CR3CR4CR5
Energy Adsorbed vs Fibres Added(Ijuk Long Fibre)
0,000,050,100,150,200,250,300,35
10 15 20
Fibre Added (%)
Ener
gy A
dsor
bed
(J)
CT1CT2CT3CT4CT5
Energy Adsorbed vs Fibres Added(Ijuk Chopped Fibre)
0,000,050,100,150,200,250,300,35
10 15 20
Fibre Added (%)
Ener
gy A
dsor
bed
(J)
CS1CS2CS3CS4CS5
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Project collaborators:HUSM-Prof.Jafri Malin AbdullahAMTC, SIRIM-Dr.Mohd Zaid OthmanQAS International, SIRIM-Mr.Wan Mohd Rafi Wan HussinMIROS-Assoc.Prof.Dr.Wong Shaw VoonAdVeS-Dr.Waluyo Adi SiswantoK-UTECH-Khalil Mohamad
qMOTORCYCLE INDUSTRIES:Helmet-Ijuk Reinforced Composite [H-IReC]
PASSED MS-TEST: Conducted by QAS INT., SIRIM
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
qFURNITURE INDUSTRIESCurrent projects:Development of HARD TOP TABLE/ WORK BENCHDevelopment of FANCY/UNIQUE top surfaces
Portable composite table
Project collaborators:KU-TECHUniversiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,86 400 Parit Raja,Batu Pahat, Johor
Study on Impact Resistance Performance of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Composite
q Cost of R&D: RM 10,000q Source of R&D: Product Development Grant-UTHM
Awards:•• Silver MedalSilver Medal (ITEX 2009)•• Silver MedalSilver Medal (Research & Innovation Fest 2008)• Bronze Medal (Innova-Brussels, Belgium 2009)•• Bronze MedalBronze Medal (Malaysia Technology Expo 2009)
Details of R&D
BRIEF ABOUT PRESENTER
Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi was born in 1980 at Taiping, Perak. Hereceived his B.Eng. with Honours in Mechanical Engineering atUTHM (formerly known as KUiTTHO) and completed his PhD inImpact and Explosion Engineering (Specialisation in ProtectiveTechnology) at The University of Manchester (formerly known asUMIST). He is an active researcher and has produced over 60technical papers. He is currently working as a lecturer at Departmentof Mechanics, FKMP, UTHM. In 2008, he has been invited as anHonorary Academic Visiting Fellow from Impact and ExplosionResearch Group, The University of Manchester, U.K. He is a CouncilMember of Concrete Society of Malaysia (CSM), Member of Instituteof Engineering Technology (IET) and Member of InternationalAssociation of Engineers (IAENG).He is also serve as an Editorial Board for the Journals:
1) Modern Applied Science-CANADA[ISSN: 1913-1844 (Print) 1913-1852 (Online)] http://www.ccsenet.org/mas/2) Journal of Mathematics Research-CANADA[ISSN: 1916-9795 (Print) 1916-9809(Online)] http://www.ccsenet.org/jmr/3) Applied Physics Research-CANADA[ISSN:1916-9639(Print) 1916-9647(Online)] http://www.ccsenet.org/apr/4) International Journal of Integrated Engineering-MALAYSIA[ISSN: 1985-854X(Print)].