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Building Foundations for Culturally and Linguistically
Diverse Student Success
Week 1
We must create our own paths
within our classrooms, schools,
and communities.
• By 2020 it is projected that there will be over 6
million identified ELL students.
• By the year 2025 over half of our children in K-12
will be CLD.
• By the year 2050, that number will have increased
by an additional 30%.
- U.S. Department of Commerce
Vocabulary Foldable (Sample Foldable)
Labels for students: LEP, CLD, ESL
Native Language: L1 & Second Language: L2
Iceberg: SUP & CUP
Sociocultural Dimension
Language Dimension
Academic Dimension
Cognitive Dimension
My Learnings Adapted from Zike
Vocabulary foldable:
Provide all students with 5 pieces of colored construction paper.
Create a foldable with the list of vocabulary words learned today.
Contextualizing the Acronyms
LEP
ELL
CLD
L1:
你好
L2:Hello
SUP CUP
Cummins
The Iceberg is about the TRANSFER OF SKILLS from the first language (L1) to the second language
(L2).
CUP vs. SUP
SUP SUP
CUP
L1 L2
L1 L2
COGNITIVE Know Think Apply
ACADEMIC Access
Engagement Hope
LANGUAGE Comprehension L1 & L2 Communication L1 & L2
Expression L1 & L2
SOCIOCULTURAL
Love Laughter
Life
Thomas & Collier
LANGUAGEComprehension L1 & L2Communication L1 & L2Expression L1 & L2
ACADEMIC Access Engagement Hope
COGNITIVE Know Think Apply
SOCIOCULTURAL Life Laughter Love
Mind Map Activity: Create a mind map on WHITE WRITING paper Map out ideas in words, pictures and anything else.
Today we will focus on:
The Sociocultural Dimension Define the U-Curve Hypothesis Create My Life in Pictures (activity book)
Tell me about you! What is your family like.
What would be important for me to know about you as an individual.
The Sociocultural Dimension
LANGUAGE Comprehension L1 & L2 Communication L1 & L2 Expression L1 & L2
ACADEMIC Access Engagement Hope
COGNITIVE Know Think Apply
SOCIOCULTURAL Life Laughter Love
•Family
•Socioeconomic
•Community
•Home Culture
•School Culture
UHoneymoon
Hostility
Home
Humor
Cushner, McClelland, & Safford PG. 22 IN TEXT
The Sociocultural Dimension The U-Curve Hypothesis My Life in Picture and Words
LANGUAGEComprehension L1 & L2Communication L1 & L2Expression L1 & L2
ACADEMICAccessEngagementHope
COGNITIVEKnowThinkApply
SOCIOCULTURAL Life Laughter Love
•Family
•Socioeconomic
•Community
•Home Culture
•School Culture
UHoneymoon
Hostility
Home
Humor
UHoneymoon
Hostility
Home
Humor
Activity:
• Divide into teams of 4-5.
• Review your assigned component of the U-curve.
• Find a way to visually depict the main point of your component as a team.
• Be prepared to share out with the class.
1. Think
2. Draw
3. Write
4. Share
MY LIFE IN PICTURES & WORDS
My Life in Pictures and Words Activity: (activity book)
◦Draw pictures of your life in 4 boxes.
◦Share out loud in class.
Discuss the language dimension Discuss the Stages of Second Language
Acquisition Define CUP and SUP
LANGUAGEComprehension L1 & L2Communication L1 & L2
Expression L1 & L2
ACADEMICAccess
EngagementHope
COGNITIVEKnowThinkApply
SOCIOCULTURALLife
LaughterLove
• Differences in Socialization
• Family vs. School
• Receptive vs. Expressive
Skills (culture bound)
In order to know a language, we need “communicative competence”.
“Communicative competence is that level of language expertise that enables users to “convey and interpret messages and to negotiate meanings interpersonally within specific context” (Brown, 1987, p. 43 as cited in Herrera and Murry, 2005).
Grammatical
Sociolinguistic
Discourse competence
Strategic competence
• Refer to pg. 64-65.• With a partner, define each of the four areas of language knowledge.• Share out loud.
• Refer to pg. 64-65.• With a partner, define each of the four areas of language knowledge.• Share out loud.
Language as an
Associative Function
Language as a Cognitive Function
• BICS: Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills
I would like to have a
bathroom added in our
basement. I want it to have
a nice size whirlpool tub, a
large shower, toilet, and a
double sink. What will I
need?
• CALP: Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
I’ll pick up some CPVC, ninety degree elbows, some 45 degree elbows, three inch black PVC, three P traps, four shut off valves, a wax ring, and a couple of extra couplings. I will also need to make sure there are extra slots in the breaker panel, and I will need to pick up a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter……
Lev
el o
f pr
ofic
ienc
y
Lev
el o
f pr
ofic
ienc
y
BICS: Social Language
CALP: Academic Language
2-3 years
Native English Speakers:English Language Learners:
5-7 (up to 10) years
Cummins & Thomas & Collier
Krashen’s Stages of Second Language Acquisition
P reproduction
E arly P roduction
I ntermediate Fluency
S peech Emergence
A dvanced Fluency
Herrera & Murry
• Work with your team to identify the key characteristics of your assigned stage of SLA.
• Create your own “team” example to demonstrate what a student in this stage might say when responding to a question/prompt.
P reproduction
E arly P roduction
S peech Emergent
I ntermediate FluencyA dvanced Fluency
The Iceberg is about the TRANSFER OF SKILLS from the first language (L1) to the second
language (L2).
CUP vs. SUP
SUP SUP
CUP
L1 L2
Cummins
Decide where these individuals belong using
their SUP and CUP
Yolanda was educated in Paraguay
until her family left due to guerrilla
warfare. She reads and writes at
grade level in Spanish but has little
or no academic skills in English.
Gideon came from Israel a year ago
at age 15. He worked with his father
while in Israel and has only about one
year of formal education. Since
entering school, he has made little
progress academically. What does his
iceberg look like?
Each night Anya's mother reads to
her in Russian. At the age of 10, she
reads at grade level in Russian and
is beginning to read some English
books. Since she speaks English,
Anya is interested in reading more
English books. What does her
iceberg look like?
Draw your own iceberg.
What does your L1 look like?
What does your L2 look like (if you
don’t have one, that is fine).
If you have an L3, please add a
third iceberg.
Share with a peer.
Discuss the academic dimension Define the academic dimension Discuss effective practices
LANGUAGEComprehension L1 & L2Communication L1 & L2
Expression L1 & L2
ACADEMICAccess
EngagementHope
COGNITIVEKnowThinkApply
SOCIOCULTURALLife
LaughterLove
• Access to resources (home, community, school).
• Engagement (family, teachers, community).
• Hope for the future (dreams and aspirations).
• Using the information from pp. 47 – 58
of your text, respond to the following
prompts:• 1 thing I really connected to in this
section as a future teacher.• 2 things I did not know but was
glad I learned.• 3 things I can apply to my future
practice.
When placing CLD students in school, the following factors should be considered:
◦Academic records, completed coursework
◦Age of the student
◦Personal strengths and academic areas of interest
◦Interrupted schooling
◦Schooling history
Informal Have a student read and
respond to a text.
Have students talk to someone in their first language and share their experiential and academic background.
Have a student respond to writing prompts in the L1.
Formal
• Review past academic records (from U.S. and home country). • Give students a content- based assessment.• Monitor language and academic growth using standardized instruments.
Academic Success in the Classroom:A Closer Look at Effective Practice
Challenge CLD students:
• culturally,
• academically,
• cognitively,
• linguistically
using grade-level content.
Review the additional vocabulary words
Play a Tic-Tac-Toe Board game with the class.
Partner game Individual game
Discuss the cognitive dimension Define the cognitive dimension
LANGUAGEComprehension L1 & L2Communication L1 & L2
Expression L1 & L2
ACADEMICAccess
EngagementHope
COGNITIVEKnowThinkApply
SOCIOCULTURALLife
LaughterLove
Cognitive Challenges
Cognitive Processes
Implications for Classroom and
School Practice
The Cognitive Dimension
Individually get three separate post-it
notes.
• On each post-it note, write down activities
you have done in your classes this year
(for a total of three activities).
• Save your post-it notes for later.
• Elaborating on prior knowledge.
• Differentiating instruction for multiple
learning styles.
• Allowing students to demonstrate knowledge,
skills, and applications in multiple ways.
Range of Contextual Support & Degree of
Cognitive Involvement in Communicative Activities
Cummins
Thomas & Collier
LANGUAGE Comprehension L1 & L2 Communication L1 & L2 Expression L1 & L2
ACADEMIC Access Engagement Hope
COGNITIVE Know Think Apply
SOCIOCULTURAL Life Laughter Love
There is no such thing as an unmotivated learner.
There are, however, temporary unmotivated
states in which learners are
either reinforced and supported
or neglected and labeled.
-Jensen
Hearts Activity: Refer to the student handbook activity. Complete the activity individually. Share with a partner and the rest of the class.
COGNITIVE Know Think Apply
ACADEMIC Access
Engagement Hope
LANGUAGE Comprehension L1 & L2 Communication L1 & L2
Expression L1 & L2
SOCIOCULTURAL
Love Laughter
Life
Discuss how to complete the RWJ with an example.
Review the vocabulary of the week Review the 4 dimensions Apply our learning practically
Write about your first two weeks of experiences within the United States of America.
Prompts:◦ Reflect about your cultural experiences◦ Discuss your experiences with the U-Curve◦ Discuss your sociocultural, linguistic, academic
and cognitive experiences within your classes.◦ Most importantly, consider your future aspirations
of your current learning and how you plan to incorporate it in Ecuador!
Vocabulary Quilt Review to your earlier created vocabulary foldable. Review all the vocabulary words. In small groups discuss all the words.
U-C-ME activity: Refer to your activity handbook. Follow these directions:
Main circle= 4 Dimensions Circle 1 (left)= Sociocultural Circle 2= Language; Circle 3= Academic Cicle 4= Cognitive; Circle 5= What I think?
Form small groups of 3 or 4 people. In these small groups, retrieve at least 1
large white chart paper. Create a tri-fold page of learning and
practical uses.
Dimension Goals Considerations?
What students already know about
the content is one of the strongest
indicators of how well they will
learn new information
relative to the content being
presented by the teacher.
(Marzano, 2004)
Please ask if anything does not make sense!