CHEMESTRY HOLIDAY

HOMEWORKSTATES OF

MATTER

MATTERO Everything in this universe is made up

of material known as matter. According to Indian philosopher matter is classified in the form of 5 basic elements “Panch Tatva”-air , earth , fire , sky and water . Everything living or non-living is made up of these 5 elements .

O According to modern scientists matter is classified by their physical properties and chemical nature.

STATES OF MATTERODifferent types of matter around us

having 3 types of different states – solid , liquid and gas . These states of matter are due to variation in the characteristics of the particles of matter .

PHYSICAL NATURE OF MATTER

OMatter is made up of particles .OParticles of matter are smaller than

our imagination .OParticles of matter have space

between them.OParticles of matter are continuously

moving.OParticles of matter attract each other.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CHARACTERISTICS OF STATES OF

MATTERcharacteristic

solid liquid gas

shape definite Not fixed No shape

size definite Fixed volume indefinite

By external force

May break Flow and change shape

Highly compressible

diffusion In water Faster than solid

Very fast

Rate of diffusion

Less than liquid

More than solid because of freely movable particles

More than solid and liquid because of freely movable particles

characteristic

solid liquid gas

Speed of particles

Rigid because of less space between particles

Not rigid but fluid move freely in more space

Spread rapidly in large space

Density (mass per unit volume)

more Less than solid

Least than solid and liquid

Effect of temperature

Can melt and become liquid

Can vaporize

CHEMICAL STRUCUTRE OF MATTER

O All matter are made up of very tiny particles called atom.

O Atoms are very indivisible particles which can not be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

O Atom of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.

O Atom of any element are identical in mass and chemical properties.

CHEMICAL STUCTURE OF STATES OF MATTER

SOLIDA solid has a regular arrangement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules). The particles are close together and cannot move around so the shape of a solid is fixed. A solid is said to have long range order which means that the regular arrangement of particles keepsrepeating itself over and over for a huge number of particles .

LIQUIDA liquid has an arrangement of particles that are close together (like a solid) but the particles are free to move because the force of attraction between the particles is weaker than it is in a solid. A liquid is said to have short range order which means that the arrangement of particles only repeats itself for a small number of particles.

GASA gas has no order, its particles are arranged at random . The particles in a gas are so far apart that there is no force of attraction between them . The particles are unaware of each others existence unless they collide .

OPresented by – Paridhi Gouri PatelOClass – 9th