States of MatterKinetic Molecular Theory

Four States of Matter

Thermal Expansion

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, & GASES

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)

Tiny, constantly moving particles make up all matter.

The temperature of matter increases as the kinetic energy (motion) of its atoms

increase.

Four States of Matter

Solids

Low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around

Definite shape & volume

Four States of Matter

Liquids

higher KE - particles can move around but are still

close togetherindefinite shapedefinite volume

Gases

high KE - particles can separate and move

throughout containerindefinite shape & volume

Four States of Matter

Plasmavery high KE - particles

collide with enough energy to break into charged

particles (+/-)gas-like, indefiniteshape & volumestars, fluorescent

light bulbs, TV tubes

Four States of Matter

Most matter expands when heated & contracts

when cooled.

KE causes Temp . Particles collide with more

force & spread out.

EX: thermostats (bimetallic strip)

Thermal Expansion

Changes of StatePhase changes

Heating curves

PHASE CHANGES

Phase Changes

Meltingsolid to liquid

Freezingliquid to solid

melting point = freezing point

Vaporization (boiling)liquid to gas at the boiling point

Evaporationliquid to gas below the boiling point

Condensationgas to liquid

Phase Changes

Sublimationsolid to gas

EX: dry ice, freeze drying, iodine

Phase Changes

Heating Curves (part I)

Heating Curves (part II)

Heating Curves (part II)