2. Stages of Information ProcessingCollection of Data
Preparation of dataInput of dataProcessing of dataOutput of
Information 3. 1. Collection of data- Capturing data from their
sources andrecording it into some media (e.g. Paper).2. Preparation
of data- Copying, grouping, or arranging data ina more convenient
way for input.3. Input of data- Entering the data or sending the
stored datainto the processing system.4. Processing of data-
Calculating or manipulating the inputdata and even storing the
results for future use.5.Output of Information- Giving out the
processed results in areadable form (e.g., a report). 4. Components
of Information Processing 5. Sensory Register- Each sensory system
has its own sensory store, whichreceives and holds, although very
briefly, all the external and internalstimuli. The sensory stores
hold onto the sensory information long enoughso that unconscious
processes may operate on these traces to determinewhether the input
should be brought into the working memory,
ordiscarded.Short-Term/Working Memory- Working memory is believed
to be thecentre of conscious thought, analogous to the central
processing unit of acomputer, where information from long-term
memory and the environmentis combined to help solve problems.
However, the working memory has asmall capacity so that it is not
able to attend to much information at atime, thereby limiting the
abilities of humans to solve problems. This fasterprocessing speed
permits faster mental movement from one item ofinformation to
another, which improves ones ability to keep track of anumber of
different items in working memory at once. 6. Long-Term Memory-
Long-term memory is the stored representation of allthat a person
knows. The items stored in long-term memory lie dormant untilthey
are called back into the working memory and thus put to use.
Long-termmemory consists of explicit and implicit long-term memory
systems.
