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Spanish 2 Grammar Concepts
Bella Flaherty
Table of Contents- First Quarter
1. Ser 2. Estar3. Verbs like Gustar4. Hacer Expressions5. El Pretérito and Trigger Words6. Car, Gar, y Zar7. Spock 8. Cucaracha 9. Snake10. Snakeys11. Affirmative Commands12. Negetive and Irregular Commands13. DOPs14. IOPs 15. Se Impersonal
D
O
CT O R
PE
D1. Ser
Description, Origin, Characteristics, Time, Occupation, Relationship,
Possession, Event, Date
SER
H
E
L
P
I
N
G
ESTAR
Health
Emotions
Location
Present Condition
Present Participles.Rules:• -ar to –ando• -er and –ir to –
iendo or -yendo
2. Estar
3. Verbs Like Gustar
• These verbs follow the same conjugation as gustar with doler having an e stem changer.
1. Faltar- to lack2. Doler- to hurt3. Fascinar- to fascinate4. Molestar- to bother• EXPs: Te falta pelo. Nos gustan los libros.
4. Hacer Time Expressions
Hace
Time
Que
Verb
Present Tense is since and for. Example: Hace tres dias que no tengo problemas con Pablo.
Preterite Tense is ago. Example: Hace una semana que desapareció.
5. El Pretérito
• It is a definite time in the past, and has a beginning or an ending.
• Trigger words that you could assume may deal with this are:
Ayer AnocheEl año pasadoLa semana pasadaAnte ayer
-í -imos
-iste -isteí s
-ió -ieron
ER
-í -imos
-iste -isteís
-ió -ieron
IR
5. El Pretérito Cont.
-é -amos
-aste -asteís
-ó -aron
El Pretérito Irregulars
• There are 3 main types of Irregular Pretérito verbs we have learned about. They are:
Car, Gar, y ZarCucarachaSpock
6. Car, Gar, y Zar Irregulars
Car Gar Zar-qué -camos
-caste casteís
-có -caron
-gué -gamos
-gaste -gasteís-gó -garon
-cé -zamos
-zaste -zasteís
-zo -zaron
7. Spock Irregulars!
• 3 different groupings.• The words in each grouping are conjugated
the same way.• The groupings are:1. IR y SER2. DAR y VER3. HACER
7. SPOCK
IRSER
IR- to go SER- to be
Fui Fuimos
Fuiste Fuisteís
Fue Fueron DAR
VER
DAR- to give VER- to see
I Imos
Iste Isteís
Io Ieron
HACER
HACER…. TO MAKE OR DO
Hice Hicimos
Hiciste Hicisteís
Hito Hicieron
8. Cucaracha
• Endings for all are the same:
-e -imos
-iste -isteis
-o -ieron
Andar- aduvEstar- estuvPoder- pudPoner- pusQuerer- quisSaber- supTener- tuvVenir- vin
Conducir- condujProducir- produjTraducir- tradujDecir- dijTraer- traj
8. Cucaracha Verbs!
9. Snake
10. Snakeys
11. Affirmative Commands
• Steps:1. Put verb in ‘yo’ form2. Change to opposite vowel. Ar to e er/ir to a3. If plural add a ‘n’4. Then, add DOP to end ONLY IF POSITIVE• Example: Comalo!
12. Negetive Commands
• Steps are same as affirmative except you may not add the DOP to the end of the verb. It must go before it.
• Example: Lo coma!
12. Irregular Commands
13. DOPs
• Answers the question of what is receiving the direct action of the verb.
• DOPs are : lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos, se• You must have a DOP in order to have an IOP,
however in a sentence you always put the IOP behind the DOP.
14. IOPs
• Answers the question to whom or for whom. • IOPs are: me, te, le, nos, os, les. Because you
can’t have two “l” IOP/DOP le and les can be changed to se.
• Example: I gave it to her. Se lo di! Gave=verb=di it=DOP=lo her=IOP=se