By: David Yancey

Table of Contents

Ser Estar Verbs like Gustar Hacer Expressions Preterito Trigger Words Car, gar, zar Spock Verbs Cucaracha Verbs

Snakes Snakeys DOPs IOPs Commands Irregulars Se impersonal

Table Of Contents (2)

Past Participles as Adjectives

The future and ir + a+ infinitive

Los Adjectives Demonstratives

Los Mandatos Formales

Model Verbs

Saber v. Conocer

Ser

SER

Ser-To be

D- ¿QUE ES? D- ¿QUE ES?

O- ¿DE DóNDE ES? O- ¿DE DóNDE ES?

C- ¿COMO ES?

T- ¿QUE HORA ES?

O- ¿QUE HACE?

R- ¿QUIEN ES?

P- ¿DE QUIEN ES?

E-¿CUANDO/ DONDE ES?

D- ¿QUE DIA ES HOY? ¿CUAL ES LA FECHA DE HOY? ¿CUANDO ES TU CUMPLEAÑOS?

Estar

ESTARESTAR

H- ¿COMO ESTAS? H- ¿COMO ESTAS?

ar –andoer/ir- endo -yendo

E- ¿COMO ESTAS? E- ¿COMO ESTAS?

L- ¿DONDE ESTAS? L- ¿DONDE ESTAS?

P- ¿COMO ESTA? P- ¿COMO ESTA?

ING- ¿QUE ESTAS HACIENDO?ING- ¿QUE ESTAS HACIENDO?

Verbs like Gustar

Io pronouns: Me Te Les Nos Os Les

Me gustan bananas Les gustan peros

Verbs: Doler (o-ue)- to hurt Fascinar- to

fascinate Molestar- to bother/

molest Enctar- to love Faltar- to lack, be in

need of Importar- to be

important to Disgustar- to disgust

Hacer Expresions

Hace + Time + Que + Verb Present tense- since and for Past tense- ago

Hace tres días que tengo problmas con Pedro. Tengo problmas que Pedro hace tres días

Hace dos años que vivo en la francia

Preterito Has a definite time in the past with a beginning and/or

ending.

Verb ending

Yo Tu El/ella Nostros ustudes

ar é aste ó mos on

er í iste ió imos ieron

ir bí biste bío bimos bieron

Trigger Words

Verbs that deal with wanting Desiring wishing Hoping Needing Liking loving Etc.

Car, Gar, Zar

-qué

-caste

-có -caron

-camos

-casteís

Car Verbs

-gué

-gaste

-gó -garon

-gasteís

-gamos

Gar verbs

-cé

-zaste

-zó -zaron

-zamos

-zasteís

Zar Verbs

Spock Verbs

hace

r

verda

rserir

hacer-to make or do

hice

hiciste

hito

hicisteís

hicimos

hicieron

dar-to give ver-to see

Di/ vi

Diste/ viste

Dio/ vio

Disteís/ visteís

Dimos/ vimos

Dieron/ vieron

ir-to go ser-to be

fui

fuiste

fue

fuisteís

fueron

fuimos

Cucaracha Verbs

Andar- aduvEstar- estuvPoder- pudPoner- pusQuerer- quisSaber- supTener- tuvVenir- vinConducir- condujProducir- produjTraducir- tradujDecir- dijTraer- traj

Endings for all: e Iste o Imos Isteis ieron

Snakes

Yo Tu Usted,Ella/El

Nosotros Vosotros

Ustudes

Domí dormiste

durmió dormimos

dormistes

Durmreron

Pedi Pediste pidié pedimos pedisteis

pidieron

Snakes are stem changers in the 3rd person form

SnakeysYo Tu Usted,Ell

a/ElNosotros Vosotros Ustude

s

Leí leáste leyó leímos líesteis leyeron

Creí creíste creyó creímos

creísteis

creyeron

Oí oiste Oyó oímos oísteis oyeron

Snakeys are verbs like leer, creer, and oir.

Change the I to the y in the 3rd person

DOPs

DOPs receives the direct action of the verb. Lo La Los Las

I ate an apple Comí una manzana. (is in the la form)

He ate the bananas El comió las bananas.

IOPs

Answers the question: To Whom For Whom

Has no feminine factors

Examples: I gave it to her -----› Se lo di Give it to him -----› déselo

Commands Informal:

Affirmative Tu- simply drop the ‘s’ DOP and IOP can

attach to the affirmative command

Negative: Tu- Put it in ‘yo’ form

and change opposite vowel, add an ‘s’

Formal: Affirmative:

Ud./Uds.- put in the ‘yo’ form and change the opposite

Examples: Bebela

Negative: Same as affirmative

Congugations:

ar- e

er/ ir- a

Irregular Commands

T (tener) Tenga

V (venir) Venga

D (Dar) Dé

I (ir) Voya

S (ser) Seya

H (Hacer) Haga

E (estar) Esté

S (saber) Sepa

T (tener) Ten

V (venir) Ven

D (Decir) Di

I (ir) Ve

S (ser) Sé

H (Hacer) Haz

P(poner) pon

S (salir) sal

Affermative Negative

Se impersonal

Se is used to avoid specifying a person that is doing the action of the verb

Se vende ropa en el supermercado

Se vende comostibles en el mercadeo

SE CAN BE USED IN ALL TENSES.

Se hizo mucho.

Se hará mucho.

Se había hecho.

Se is always in the 3rd person form

Past Participles as Adjectives abrir (to open) - abierto (open) cubrir (to cover) - cubierto

(covered) decir (to say) - dicho (said) escribir (to write) - escrito (written) freír (to fry) - frito (fried) hacer (to do) - hecho (done) morir (to die) - muerto (dead) poner (to put) - puesto (put) resolver (to resolve) - resuelto

(resolved) romper (to break) - roto (broken) ver (to see) - visto (seen) volver (to return) vuelto (returned)

Most past participles can be used as adjectives. Like other adjectives, they agree in gender and number with the nouns that they modify.

La puerta está cerrada.The door is closed.

Las puertas están cerradas.The doors are closed.

El restaurante está abierto.The restaurant is open.

Los restaurantes están abiertos.The restaurants are open.

The Future

The future tense is used to tell what "will" happen, or what "shall" happen.

But, the future tense is not used to express a willingness to do something. For this, use the verb "querer."

Regular verbs in the future tense are conjugated by adding the following endings to the infinitive form of the verb: -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án.

Hablaré, hablarás, hablará, hablaremos, hablaréis, hablarán

caberyo cabré

poneryo pondré

deciryo diré

haberyo habré

saliryo saldré

haceryo haré

poderyo podré

teneryo tendréquereryo querrévaleryo valdrésaberyo sabréveniryo vendré

Mandates Formales

Commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do something. This is often referred to as the "imperative" form of the verb.

Informal, or familiar, speech is used among friends, coworkers, relatives, or when addressing a child. Formal speech is generally used to be polite or to express respect. For that reason, the formal commands are often referred to as polite commands.

Compre Ud. el anillo. Buy the ring. (formal)

Compra (tú) los dulces. Buy the candy. (familiar)

The formal commands are formed the same way as the present subjunctive:

Start with the yo form of the present indicative.

Then drop the -o ending. Finally, add the following

endings: -ar verbs:

-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.) -er and -ir verbs:

-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)

Ir + A + infinitive

To talk about what you are going to do, you can use : ir + a+ infinitive.

This is called the immediate future, it talks about an occurrence that is going to be happening soon.

For example, I am going to run. I plan on running, I am going to do this in the very near or immediate future. The action is just about to occur.

Yo voy a correr.

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are used to help verbs change their meaning. They can be paired with infinitives to create a verb combo.

Reflexives

Se is used for both singular and plural nouns. Can be placed before or after a conguated verb.

Ellos se van a vestir

Ellos van a vestirse

Nos estamos lavando las manos

Estamos lavandones las manos

Reflexives (Ct’d)

Me nos Te os Se se

He sees himself. Se va.

Va a verse He is going to see

himself.

Banarse: to take a bathAcostarse (o>ue): to go to bedDormirse (o>ue): to fall asleepLevantarse: to get upSentarse (e>ie): to sit down

Saber v. Conocer

Saber Conocer

Use only when you are going to say: to know a fact, to know something thoroughly, to know how to do something.

Juan sabe donde está María.Juan knows where Maria is.

Yo no sé tu número de teléfono.I don't know your telephone number.

Use only when you are going to say: to be acquainted with a person, place, or thing.

Yo no conozco a María.I don't know (am not acquainted with) Maria.

Alberto y Alfredo conocen Madrid.Alberto and Alfredo know (are acquainted with) Madrid.

Both verbs express the idea “to know”

Saber V. Concer (Ct’d)

Saber Conocer María sabe conducir.

Maria knows how to drive. No sé nadar muy bien.

I don't know how to swim very well.

Juan conoce la literatura española.Juan is familiar with Spanish literature.

Yo se conozco tú sabes conoces él, ella, Ud. sabe conoce nosotros sabemos conocemos ellos, Uds saben conocen