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FINAL EXAM TERMINOLOGY REVIEW
-The time period lasting 1000 years between the 5th century and the 15th centuries
-Points on the opposite sides of the earth.
-The imaginary line around the centre of the earth half way between the North and South poles( called 0 degrees latitude).
-The North and South points at either end of the earth’s axis.
-A tool to find direction used on maps (shows North, South, East and West).
1. Middle Ages
2.antipodes3. equator
4. poles
5.CompassRose
-An imaginary line that goes through the centre of the earth between the North and South poles
– The earth spinning on its axis.
-The movement of one planet around another planet/star e.g. the Earth around the sun
– The path any planet follows around the sun
– Every 4th year that has 366 days to make up for the previous 3 at 365 1/4 days.
6. axis
7. rotation
8. revolution
9. orbit
10. leap year
-Twice a year when the daylight hours equal the night hours.
-Twice a year when either the daylight or nighttime are at their maximum.
-Imaginary lines that run from East to West that are used the show distance from the equator.
-Imaginary lines that run from North to South that are used the show distance from the Prime Meridian.
-An imaginary line of longitude running from the North to the South pole used to judge time and distance.
11 equinox
12. solstice
13. latitude or parallel s
14. longitude or meridians15. Prime
Meridian
- an ancient tool for measuring time using the movement of the sun.
– are the system for keeping time around the world that has each hour the day equal to 15 degrees longitude.
– an imaginary line of longitude that is opposite the Prime Meridian.
– technology that uses information from satellites to find absolute location of people or things.
16. sundial
17. timezones
18. International Dateline
19. Global Positioning System
Way of showing the earth ( a sphere) which is three dimensional as a flat map which is two dimensional.
Any of the seven large land masses.
Land that is surrounded by water.
Apiece of land jutting out into the ocean from the mainland surrounded by water on three sides.
The surface features of the earth such as mountains, hills, plateaus and plains.
20.map projection
21.continent
22. island
23. Peninsula
24. topography
-High rugged landform.- Lower area of land formed by erosion that has elevated land on both sides.- Broad flat or gently rolling area of land.- Broad flat or gently rolling area that is higher (elevated) above its surroundings.- The distance or height above sea level.- A natural channel of water flowing toward a lake or ocean.
25. mountian
26. valley
27. plain
28. plateau
29. elevation
30. river
-Small stream flowing into a river which may flow into a lake or ocean.
- Body of water surrounded by land.
- Formed when the ocean makes a large indent into land forming a semi-circle
- Narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.
- Name of a supercontinent that existed of 200 million years ago.
31. tributary
32. lake
33. gulf
34. strait
35. Pangaea
-Remains of plant or animal found in rock.
- Large piece of the Earth’s crust that can be bigger than a continent.
- Split in the Earth caused by tectonic plates pulling away from each other.
- Action of wearing away of the Earth’s surface by air, water and ice
- Relocation of soil and pieces of rock that were worn or carried away by wind, ice, and water.
36. fossil
37. tectonic plate
38. rift
39. erosion
40. deposition
-Small pieces of soil and rock carried by water.
- Triangular shaped deposit of soil and sand at the mouth of a river.
- Gigantic body of ice that is found in mountain and polar regions.
- Study of our world
-Person who describes and analyzes the human and physical characteristics of the world
41. silt
42. delta
43 glacier
44. geography
45. geographer
-The exact location of something on the earth using coordinates of latitude and longitude- The ratio between the real distance and
the distance on a map
-Technology to display and store facts about the physical world
-Study of the natural features of the earth
-Half-sphere view of the earth created by geographers to identify a large part of the earth e.g. northern, southern, eastern or western
46. Absolute location
47. scale
48. Geographic Information System (GIS)
49. Physical geography
50. hemisphere
A particular land surface feature, such as a mountain, hill, plateau, or plain
An elevated piece of land
Water flowing by continents which either warm or cool the land based on their temperature.
Outward explosion of the earth’s molten inner core caused by tectonic forces
The day to day temperature and precipitation found anywhere in the world.
51. landforms
52.hills
53. ocean currents
54. volcano
55. weather
Climate located from 30 to 60 degrees latitude North or South of the equator. Winds that blow in a specific pattern around the earth.
When there is a lot of moisture in the air. Water vapor from plants.
Very dry, little or no precipitation
56. Mid-latitude
57. prevailing
58. humid
59. transpiration
60. arid
Permanently frozen ground, about 1 meter beneath the surface.
A large body of air covering a large distance.
Water (in any form) falling to Earth.
Pattern of weather in a particular place measured over at least 30 years.
Climate located from 0 to 30 degrees latitude North or South of the equator.
61. permafrost
62. air mass
63. Precipitation
64. climate
65. Low latitude
The name of the cycle of water through land, water and air.
Water vapor changes from a gas to a liquid. An invisible gas created when water evaporates.
Mountain slopes that face away from the prevailing wind.
66. hydrologic
67. condensation
68. water vapor
69. leeward
A circular path a planet like Earth takes around the sun.
The height of any part of the earth above sea level.
Water changes into a vapor or gas.
Climate located from 60 to 90 degrees latitude North or South of the equator.
Area between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.
70. OrbitRepeat #9
71. altitude
72. evaporation
73. High latitude
74. tropics
Mountain slopes that face the prevailing winds.
The layer of air that surrounds the earth.
The solid mineral material that covers the earth.
All the water on the earth’s surface forms this.
The layer of living things around the surface of the earth.
75. windward
76. atmosphere
77. lithosphere
78. hydrosphere
79. biosphere
This is formed by all four spheres.
The study of living organisms and their interaction with the environment.
The environment of a community of plants and animals.
Shaking of the earth’s crust caused by tectonic or volcanic action.
An area of land that drains precipitation into streams, rivers, and lakes.
80. Natural environment
81. ecology
82. ecosystem
83. Earth quake
84. Drainage basin
This is formed by the combination of climate, soil, vegetation, and physical characteristics.
A rising air mass that is light and warm.
A cold heavy mass of air that is falling.
Mountains that block prevailing winds.
A region with naturally forested areas with fertile soil and four seasons usually agricultural or urban plus high population density.
85. Environmental region
86. Low pressure zone
87. High pressure zone
88. Mountain barriers
89. Temperate forest
A region with hot dry summers and warm moist winters usually agricultural with medium population
A region of flat gently rolling land with soil for growing grain found in the interior of a continent experiencing four seasons plus medium population density.
A region with many species of plants and animals,that is very warm, and receives a lot of rainfall plus low population density.
A region in the northern hemisphere with long cold winters and short warm summers plus low precipitation.
90. Mediterranean forest
91. Temperategrassland
92. Tropical rainforest
93. Taiga or boreal
A region that has long cold winters, permafrost plus low population density.
A region with cold, dry, climate with glaciers considered unsuitable for human settlement.
A region with dry and wet seasons with tropical grassland plus low population density.
A region that is naturally forested with a wet and dry season that has been changed by rice cultivation plus high population density.
94. tundra
95. polar
96. savanna
97. monsoon
A region with little precipitation that may be either hot or cold plus low population density.
A view of the world that focuses on the importance of the natural environment instead of human interests.
The number and variety of organisms in a region.
A view of the world where humans are the most important species.
Development that meets our current needs without risking future generations.
98. desert
99. ecocentric
100. biodiversity
101. anthropocentric
102. sustainable
Management of a region to protect it for future generations.
When an ecosystem is returned to its natural state before disturbed by man.
A flat broad river valley that floods regularly.
The natural effect of the atmosphere to retain some energy/ heat from the sun.
Energy/heat from the sun that reaches the earth’s surface.
103. conservation
104 .restoration ecology
105. flood plain
106. natural greenhouse effect
107. radiation
Temperature of the earth created by atmosphere and greenhouse gases (15 degrees Celsius).
Human activities are adding greenhouse gases and causing the global temperature to rise.
Expanding deserts into grasslands because of overgrazing livestock
Human activities creating toxic gases that cause lung diseases
Greenhouse gas that is produced by human respiration and other technologies
108. Average global temperature
109. Global warming
110. desertification
111. Air pollution
112. Carbon dioxide
Dependence on food that is genetically similar.
The natural greenhouse gas produced when plants are broken down by wetlands and animals.
A manmade gas that is created by refrigeration and aerosol cans.
A kind of oxygen in the upper atmosphere that filters out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun.
Industry produces sulfur dioxide which is spread in the atmosphere and causes this problem.
The length of time each year that the temperature is warm enough for plants to grow
113. monoculture
114. methane
115. chlorofluorocarbons
116. ozone
117. acid rain
118. growing season
People and the places they live.
Human geography plus history.
Anything in nature that people need or want.
Changes that happen in a place because of technology and movement.
The world seems smaller because communication technology connects everyone.
119. human geography
120. social studies
121. natural resource
122. globalization
123. global village
How cultures around the world are changing to be more like the west
A person who studies how wealth is produced, consumed and distributed
Study of world populations
A country that is just beginning to industrialize
Countries with a good GDP and Standard of Living are called
How well people live
124. western influence
125. economist
126. demography
127. less developed world developing country
128. more developed world developed country129. standard of living
Wild animals and plants that have been tamed by humans
Gross Domestic Product divided by population is equal to
A large growth in population in a short time
Small number of people spread out over a large area
Movement of people out of a country
130. domestication
131. per capita GDP
132. exponential (population explosion)
133. sparse population
134. emigration
Tools and ways of doing things
A graph that shows population distribution by age and gender Population stays the same
Number of children that must be born to keep population the same in a country
the sum of the age-specific birth rates
People moving from place to place within a country
135. technology
136. population pyramid
137. zero population growth
138. replacement rate
139. total fertility rate
140. internal migration
Number of deaths per 1000 people
Number of crude births minus number of crude deaths
A person who studies population
Four stages of birth and death rates as countries change from developing to developed
Total value of all the goods and services
141. crude death rate
142. rate of natural increase
143. demographer
144. demographic transition
145. Gross Domestic Product
Person who collects information on who lives in a house or apartment (size of families).
Movement of people into a country
The amount of money needed for basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter
Large number of people living in a small area
The UN creates a ranked list of the development of countries called
146. Census taker
147. immigration
148. Cost of living
149. Dense population
150.Human Development Index (HDI)
Number of babies born per 1000 people
Movement of people around the world
The average number of years a person will live (effected by living conditions in a country
Gross Domestic Product divided by population is equal to
A large growth in population in a short time
151. Crude birth rate
152. migration
153. Life expectancy
154. GDP per capita repeat155. ExponentialRepeat from 132
More deaths than births
Number of deaths per 1000 people
How many people live in a given area
One country having control of another usually in another part of the world
The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled
156. negative growth rate
157. crude death rate
158. population density
159. colonialism
160. Human Rights