Small cell deployment: It’s not just the cells

Small cell deployment: It’s not just the cellsFor Cambridge Wireless Smallcell SIG meeting#2

2012.03.292012.03.29

Simon FletcherFuture Systems Architecture

MVCE Green Radio Industrial [email protected]

NEC Telecom MODUS Ltd.

V1.1

Overview

▐ Market drivers for smallcells▐ Early HetNet▐ Backhaul and integration into networks▐ Green Radio for smallcell

© NEC Corporation 2012

Convergence of Computing and Communications

OTT


Underpinned by a high density, heterogeneous

connectivityAkinobu Kanasugi, In the 1950s Kobayashi instilled NEC's "computing and communication"—or C&C—vision, NEC announced its C&C vision to the public in 1977.

The perfect capacity storm………..

hardware platforms proliferationBusiness insider chart of the day 6th March 2012

2G/3G

LTE Coverage Layer

LTE Capacity Layer

/LTE

Rapid increase in platforms

Densification


LTE pico/microLTE pico/micro

Femtocell/WiFiFemtocell

Enterprise Residential Public

Femtocell/WiFi

Page 4

in platforms that can

generate and consume

Densification of networks

Drivers of Deployment Evolution

Principles Agnostic of

Network Management Automation

BackhaulingCO2/GHG Intensity

- Connecting the unconnected

- TCO reduction- Complexity management

Sustainability and


Agnostic of Radio Access

Technology

Energy Efficiency

Heterogeneous

Deployment

Security

-cell size-spectrum selection

TCO reduction

Sustainability andResilience of systems

Not covered in this

presentation

HetNetHetNet

All roads will lead to HetNet…… eventually

Early HetNet realisation

� In mature markets very few Operators remain that operate a single access technology� Network sharing is common place

� The merging of wifi into the traditional Carrier networks offering is ongoing.


Carrier networks offering is ongoing.

� Cutting edge standards development is addressing optimal spectrum sharing techniques in a heterogeneous platforms environment.

� Signal processing architectures offering flexibility in configuration of L1/L2 basestation processing are growing in popularity, “SDR”.

Variant smaller cell coverage platforms

Heterogeneity of backhauling options

3G 4G

NEC winner of Social vision – promoting femtocells for social, economic,

Small Cell Backhaul

Conventional microwave backhaul AOR Type I

2012 The year the

number of

smallcells

exceeds macro


femtocells for social, economic, environmental development. Proof of viable service provision over satellite

connectivity in India, Indonesia, Japan.

•Short-reach high capacity packet radio •All-outdoor radio (AOR) design with all-in-one integrated antenna

•Compact, low weight and adaptable as street furniture

•Fully capable all-outdoor L3/L2 router/switch

• Enables nodal aggregation and ring & mesh topologies

Small-cell Backhaul wireless node

AOR Type II

Create linkage between 3G & LTE Femto Architectures

1. Single

2. Combined 3.

4. Single C-Plane & U-Plane


Single management system

Combined security gateway

3. Combine IPSec

U-Plane

• Better

coverage

• Improved

spectral

efficiency

• Reduced

unnecessary

handovers

LTE and 3G HetNet – Commonality of System approaches

Automatic code allocation

Dynamic ICIC

PCI Assignment

Automatic power control

4G Specific

3G Specific

Common HetNet Functions


handovers

• Reduced

signalling

load

• Lower TCO

• Lower churnAutomatic power control

Automatic coverage optimization

Measurements using network listening techniques and UE

Automatic carrier selectionOptimized access point selection Idle mode and mobility load

distribution

Plug-and-play

Auto download of Configuration

Automatic download of Software

Auto Authentication Automatic Neighbour Relations

RACH Optimization

Coverage & Capacity Optimization

Network Energy Saving

Cell Outage Compensation

Common Performance Management Tool

Common Network Management Systems

Features that benefit from inter-WAN to smallcell connectivity

Interference Management

Interfered Mobile

Cell Optimization

Multi-Vendor HetNet SON

NEC’s small cell

eNB

Other vendor’s

macrocell eNB

HetNet

X2

Multi-vendor SON

(NEC’s unique algorithms

+ standardised information)


Internet

eNodeB

Off-load traffic

Non off-load

traffic

Core Network

Backhaul

Traffic OffloadEnergy Saving – Green Radio

Peak Hours

Off-peak Hours

Sleeping eNBs

+ standardised information)

CAPEX and OPEX for Similar CapacitySystem Throughput User Data Rate

Maximise HetNet performance gain

Macro only HetNet: Small cell over Macro(Up to Micro/Macro ratio =10 )

Macro eNB3 Sector

Micro eNB1 Sector (Omni)

Macro Cell

Micro Cell


Macro Only Micro/Macro ratio =2

Micro/Macro ratio =5


CAPEX and OPEX for Similar Capacity

CAPEX

OPEX

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1




System Throughput

DownlinkUplink

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0




User Data Rate

DownlinkUplink

4x6x 7x

9x4x

up to 75% less CAPEX compared to traditional Macro only approach

up to 4 times downlink and 9 times uplink user data rate improvement

up to 6-7 times system throughput increased by Het-Net

Page 11

© NEC Corporation © NEC Corporation

© NEC Corporation

Enhancements to performance ongoing in 3GPP R11 HetNet


▐ Cell Range Expansion, optimal interference management techniques▐ Dynamic range of systems emerging as a critical issue in future HetNet▐ RRM and SON techniques for “Ping-Pong” avoidance for mobile users is

essential

RBS57%

Retail2%

Core15%

Data Centre6%

MTX20%

The Motivation for Green Radio Research

Cos

ts

VoiceData

Revenue

Traffic

Diverging expectations for traffic and revenue growth


Consortium

http://www.nec.com/en/global/solutions/nsp/lte/pdf/greenradio.pdf

UK Collaborative Research core…….

with Global reach and perspective


Connectivity - Design for Sustainability

Portability of GreenTech Innovations

Off GridOff Grid

HybridHybridOn GridOn Grid

Bringing connectivity to allbit

J==

edCommunicat Bits Data

ConsumedEnergy ECR

Quantified as RF, Operational, and Total (includes embodied energy)


HybridHybridOn GridOn Grid

Business Drivers

Grid and communications interdependence

CO2 per revenue or CO2 per bit

Priority1

Green Radio Market Characteristicsdifferent CAPEX and OPEX Ratios…..

� Developed Regions� Developed Infrastructure� Saturated Markets� Quality of Service Key� Drive to Reduce Costs

Network OPEX: Example of an European operator

44%

0%10%20%

8%

18%Other costs

Office

Leased lines

Leases & Rentals

Maintenance

Energy & other


� Emerging Regions � Less Established Infrastructure � Rapidly Expanding Markets� Large Geographical Areas � Often no mains power supply

– power consumption a major issue

Network OPEX: Example of an Indian operator

Energy & other

Economic Study of Green Radio

Integration of Architecture and Technique Principles

Max. Saving at High Load and High Electricity

Prices.


00.1

0.20.3

0.40.5 20

40

60

80

100

1208

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

Traffic Load, Mbit/s/km2

Electricity Price, $/kWh

Tot

al C

ost

(exc

l. re

nt),

k$/

km2 /y

ear

LTE ReferenceLTE Green RAN

Min. Saving at Low Load and Low

Electricity Prices.Managed appropriately smallcells

will improve J/bit metric

Dynamic intra-operator cross-band spectrum

management

2G

3GSuperWiFi


• power down selected radio equipment.• take advantage of band with superior propagation characteristics, • increase channel bandwidths• Improve the hierarchical spectrum management.

LTE

WiFi

Spectrum Sharing/

Whitespace

LTE-A

Protocols to enable

co-existence

Store-Carry Forward (SCF) or Mechanical Relay

Delay tolerant networking

For some services reductions in energy consumption can be achieved by delaying communication for preferable transmit locations.

Interesting ideas..…

what are the

signalling

overheads?

Which applications

can tolerate traffic


The Times: 13.03.2012

can tolerate traffic

delays?

Candidates for Innovations Pipeline

▐ Protocols to enable spectrally coexisting systems▐ A roadmap of interference management techniques for capacity density

▐ High numbers of bands per sector, aggregated carriers.▐ SON and RRM interaction optimisation for various UE mobility scenarios▐ Intelligent transport and storage of “big data” through distributed networks (DTN)

Proof of Principle Proof of System Concept Io(D)T Friendly

Customer Trials Launch


▐ Intelligent transport and storage of “big data” through distributed networks (DTN)▐ Joules per useful bit transported

▐ Signalling reduction▐ Control and User Plane separation

▐ Deployment for sustainability of systems▐ Resilient and hardened▐ TCO engineering – full cradle to grave cycle▐ Energy consumption optimised
