Watershed development programmes: Watershed development programmes: Nature and its role for rural developmentNature and its role for rural development

Presented By:Shankaraiah. NPAK-9120

WATERSHED

Definition : Geo-hydrological entity having common drainage

point

Concept : Area development in an integrated approach

Principle : Use land according to its capability

Components : Natural resources, institutions, technologies,

management, etc.

Objectives : Conserving and developing resource base

Effect : Desired changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes for

enhancing resource use efficiency (HRD)

Impact : Desired improvement in socio-economic and

ecological conditions

Why the concept of watershed? Why the concept of watershed?

Soil, water and vegetation are so interdependent that one can not be managed efficiently with out the other two.

But water can be conveniently and efficiently managed only if the hydrological unit vis-a-vis watershed is taken as a whole.

Since these three are interdependent resources, watershed is considered to be the ideal unit.

Deforestation, soil degradation, sedimentation and the resultant floods, droughts, and poverty often require different kinds of solutions but are connected by the fact that they can best be understood and managed as physical units defined by the flow of water, that is watershed.

Administrative structureAdministrative structure

WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

Parameter Aims and Opportunities

Area Catchment

Devt. Components Integrated

Approach Holistic

Team Multi-disciplinary

Action Simultaneous

Implementation Ridge to valley

Basis Site specific and need-based

Input Man, material, message

Output Human Resource Development

Effect Knowledge and skill improvement

Impact Socio-economic improvement

Benefits Sustainable

Completed watershed development programmes in Karnataka (1984-85 to 1999-2000)

Sl.No.

Name of the programme Implementing agency and year No. of districts

No. of water-sheds

Total geographical

area (ha)

Area treated since

inception (ha)

Amount spent since inception

(Rs.crores)

1. World Bank assisted Watershed Projects

DLDB/Department of Watershed Development (1984-1993)

6 7 136337 136337 37.564

2 District watershed development programmes

DLDB/Department of Watershed Development (1984-1993)

18 18 578420 515200 121.978

3 Participative and integrated development of watersheds (PIDOW)

DLDB/MYRADA (1985-86 to 1993-94

1 1 20300 9680 4.140

4 Swiss assisted ISPWD-K Project DLDB/WDD (1995-96 to 1999-2000)

5 5 74968 30000 12.595

5 KFW assisted Integrated Watershed Management

DLDB/WDD (1995-96 to 1999-2000)

3 5 53627 24600 16.221

6 River valley projects (Tungabhadra,Nizamsagar and Nagarjuna Sagar)

A&H Department through Dept. of Agri. (Centrally sponsored, 1963-64 onwards)

15 723 (225 W/s

saturated)

106.88 (Area to be treated 26.15 lakhs)

541800 91.119

7 National Watershed Development Programme for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA)

A&H Dept. through Dept. of Agri. In the State Sector coordinated by ZP 1986-87. As NWDP 1990-91 onwards as NWDPRA.

26 141 872872 872872 182.995

8 i) Drought Prone Areas Programmeii) Desert Development Programmeiii) Western Ghat Development

RD & PR Zilla Panchayat and Watershed Development Associations

i) 15ii) 6

iii) 11

423 in 81 blocks 130

in 22 blocks 40

taluks

- - 75.600 (1995-99) 20.220 (1995-99)

53.540 (1995-99)

9 Karnataka Watershed DevelopmentProject (DANIDA Assistance)

A&H Department through Directorate of Agriculture I Phase 1990-91 to 96-97II phase 1997-98 to 2004

34

1412

53000-

23000-

16.036-

Total 2153489 632.008

Source: Karnataka Watershed Development Department and annual reports of the RD&PR Department.

Table-11: Projects in operation and administrative arrangementSl.No.

Name of the programme Administrative control

Fund releasing department

Implementing department

Mode of implementati

on

No. of Micro

watershed

Area treated

(ha)

Amount spent (Rs.in lakhs)

I. State Sector Schemes

a. National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA)

WDD WDD WDD WDC 568 102514 6353.17

b. River Valley Project (RVP) WDD WDD WDD WDD 117 134305 4489.71

c. Reclamation of saline, alkaline and waterlogged soils

WDD WDD WDD WDD 6 dist. 1701 249.00

II. District Sector Schemes

a. Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP)

RDPR & ZP

RDPR & ZP WDD WDC 959 143391 9880.48

b. Desert Development Programme (DDP)

RDPR & ZP

RDPR & ZP WDD WDC 644 59125.5 5013.88

c. Integrated Watershed Development Project (IWDP)

RDPR & ZP

RDPR & ZP WDD WDC 258 81885 4421.89

d. Western Ghats Development Project (WGDP)

RDPR & ZP

RDPR & ZP WDD WDC 215 25394 3814.85

e. Special Component Plan (SCP) ZP ZP WDD WDD - 2755.3 142.36

III. Aided Projects

a. Sujala Watershed Project WDD WDD WDD Sujala Sangha(WDC)

753 26115 3442.01

b. KAWAD Project (DFID) KAWAD Society

WDD KAWAD Society NGO, WDC, Dept.

108 34749 1818.13

c. DANIDA project (Denmark Govt.)

WDD WDD WDD WDC/WDD 12 20143 1387.51

d. NABARD assisted watershed Projects

NABARD & WDD

NABARD & WDD

NGO & WDD People’s participation

, WDC

47 1405 75.90

For further reading:1.Perspective Land Use Plan for Karnataka, 2025. (2001) State Land Use Board, Bangalore

WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES

Utilizing the land according to its capability Establishing adequate vegetative cover Conserving as much rain water as possible in situ Draining-out surplus water and divert it to storage ponds Avoiding gully formation through suitable checks to

minimize soil erosion and enhance ground water recharge Maximize productivity per unit area, per unit time and

per unit water Increasing cropping intensity – Intercropping and

Sequence cropping

Contd…..

WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLE

Better utilization of marginal lands through ALUS Ensuring sustainability of the ecosystem Maximizing the combined income:

- Crop-livestock-tree-labour complex Generating off-season employment Minimising the risks from aberrant weather Processing and value addition of the farm produce Developing and improving infra –structure: Storage,

transport and marketing Promotion of balanced nutrition – Dryland fruits and

vegetables besides cereals, pulses and oilseeds

SPECIAL FOCUS AHEAD ON WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) Farming Systems Approach (FSA) Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) Alternate land use systems viz., agro-forestry, agri-horticulture,

silvi-pasture, horti-silvi-pasture, etc. Animal Husbandry, Backyard Poultry and Apiculture Restore or develop gomala/gokatte/gundu topu/devara kadu Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) Post-harvest Processing and Value Addition-APCs Agri-clinic and agri-business management HRD-capacity building/leadership development/SHG

formation/MWMG formation/custom hiring services

Enhance the quality of inputs Reduce losses at various post harvest stages Reduces cost of processing Restriction of middlemen involvement Opportunities for the farmer himself to become a grower-cum-

processor Improves the quality of rural life and affords dignity Motivates educated rural youth to keep engage in processing

industry and thus preventing their migration to urban areas Ensures fair prices to growers for their produce Makes available diversified products to rural consumer at

reasonable and affordable prices

BENEFITS OF AGRO-PROCESSING CENTRE BENEFITS OF AGRO-PROCESSING CENTRE IN WATERSHED VILLAGESIN WATERSHED VILLAGES

SUJALA WATERSHED PROJECTSUJALA WATERSHED PROJECT Sujala is a Watershed Development Project designed

by the Government of Karnataka and implemented by the Watershed Development Department of Government of Karnataka

The World Bank through International Development Association provided major portion of plan outlay as a loan to Government of India and in turn loan to Government of Karnataka.

It is being implemented in seven districts, namely Kolar, Chikkabalapur, Tumkur, Madhugiri, Chitradurga, Haveri and Dharwad of Karnataka covering 4.29 lakhs hectare. of land spread over in 77 sub-watersheds and 1270 villages benefiting nearly 4.0 lakhs households including landless.

The Government of Karnataka finances some portion of the budget and the Watershed Communities contribute some portion.

Sujala a community driven watershed development project with a total budget of Rs.557 crores,

As planned, the project period started from 10.09.2001 and likely to end by 31.03.2009.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES To improve the productive potential of selected

watersheds and their associated natural resource base.

Strengthen community and institutional arrangements for natural resource management.

An associated objective is to strengthen the capacity of communities in the project districts for participatory involvement in planning, implementation, social and environmental management and maintenance.

Conti ……

The implementing department operates in a more socially inclusive manner, with in the frame work of a convergent watershed development plan.

This will be achieved through having the community groups implement the project, the project’s collaborative approach and capacity building initiatives.

Project Primary objectives

Increasing House Hold Income Improving Agriculture Productivity. Improving Vegetative Cover.Increasing Milk and Horticulture Production.Increasing Fodder and Fuel availability.Reducing Soil Erosion & Runoff to Improve Water Availability.Enhancing Quality and Life of Village Communities.Ensuring Institutional support. by Watershed Development Department as facilitator and by NGOs for community organization and strengthening.

Distinct Features of the Project Peoples participation as a focus of the entire project

NGOs involvement at all levels

Adopting Area Group approach

Cost sharing by the community to enhance ownership & respect towards peoples choices

Use of agriculture & water resource action plans developed through remote sensing to complement peoples plan

Involvement of various resource agencies for provision of specialized inputs

Monitoring & Evaluation is inbuilt within the project implementation structure & process

Effective accountability & transparency by adopting appropriate financial management systems at all levelsAdopting ESA (Environmental & Social impact assessment)Involvement of PRIs (Panchayat Raj Institution)

Community development programmes Community development programmes Afforestation Dry land horticulture Construction of bunds

Soil conservation

Construction of Farm pond

Bore well recharge

Inter cropping

Construction of loose border checks

Fodder production for animal husbandry

Income generating activities for rural poor

Development of animal husbandry

Open well recharge Construction of NALA bunds

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONUse of land, water and vegetation Use of land, water and vegetation

according to its capability we according to its capability we can changes in knowledge, skills, can changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes for enhancing resource attitudes for enhancing resource use efficiency and improvement use efficiency and improvement in socio-economic and ecological in socio-economic and ecological

conditions conditions

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