Scaling up hwts – the

SCALING UP HWTS – THE BUILDING BLOCKS

Presented by: Michael A. Forson,UNICEF, New York

Contamination pathways to safe water

Natural water

sources

Water Transport• Pipe network• Tanker trucks• Carts• Carrying water• etc

Safe drinking water at thecommunity /school level

Storage and Consumption of safe water

Pit latrines

Poor handling behavior

Flooding

Poorly maintained and leaking pipe

networks

Household level solutions• Boiling• disinfection• filtration• pasteurization• Safe storage, etc

Community/school Level solutions• Boreholes• Treatment plants• Spring protection• Mechanized systems, etc

Building blocks for Scaling up HWTS – Definition and ConceptScaling up: what is it?• Taking up proven interventions into a higher dimension

(upstream) and positioning it in a sustainable manner in a country’s developmental and socio-economical agenda.

Building blocks: what does it involve?• The building blocks are basically the foundational steps

that need to be put in place in order to move to a sustainable scale. Without these, it will look like something is being achieved but then will not stand the test of time. The “blocks” outlined does not necessarily need to happen in that order, however some are contingent upon others to happen.

SCALING UP HWTS: THE BUILDING BLOCKSUNICEF

Some building blocks ../11. Proven benefits of the interventions.

• What are the success stories that will attract the government? Is it just an intervention or there is something that the government will benefit from? Say reducing cost in health care, other economic gains such as creation of employment through private sector participation? etc.

2. Involvement of the private sector. • What are the drivers to create/enhance a vibrant market? We will

need to understand how the private sector is involved. Any business models being used or emerging?

3. The role of the Academia.• The role of the academia cannot be over emphasized. This is a

critical role when it comes to evaluations, reviews and testing new ideas in HWTS. There should be a partnership with the academia

UNICEF SCALING UP HWTS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS

How do you view HWTS

delivery?

Social goods?

Commercial goods?

• Govt takes lead• Private sector

takes the sales and distribution

• Private sector takes lead

• Govt plays regulatory and licensing role

SCALING UP HWTS: THE BUILDING BLOCKSUNICEF

4. Who owns the agenda?

Some building blocks ../2

5. Where is the home for HWTS within the government?• Lead ministry, collaborating ministries, supporting agencies, etc.

6. Any key sector policies recognizing HWTS as an intervention to public health gains?

7. Is there a national target for HWTS?• Where are we going?

8. Integration or standalone?• Are there existing interventions that HWTS can ride on? On what

platform is HWTS taking off?

9. Funding? • Funds can always be found for projects, etc. But the big question

is when moving to scale who funds it? . Govt budgetary allocation? Innovative funding mechanisms?.


Some building blocks ../3

Moving to Scale – the 3 environments

SustainingEnvironment

DevelopingEnvironment

Enabling Environment

The supporting environment for a functioning subsector, clear leadership and objectives, coordination and regulation mechanisms, planning and revision of investments, sufficient and clear budget.

The systems and structures for procuring and delivering equitable services at all levels, participation and proper targeting of resources, quantity and quality of outputs (hardware and software)

Adequate mechanisms for sustaining, expansion and accountability

Implementation of HWTS between 2007 - 2011− Household intervention for Guinea worm eradication => ceramic/biosand filters − Improved drinking water supply for flood affected households =>ceramic filters/aquatabs

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An example: Process

of Developing HWTS in Ghana

Strategic decision of re-packaging WASH into four packages to integrate HWTS1. Enabling environments; 2. Behavioural Change (SED, HWWS, HWTS)3. Water and Sanitation Services; 4. WASH in Emergencies

Evaluations and assessments of key interventions (2009-2010)1. Evaluation of CLTS implementation between 2007 and 2009 - 2009 2. Assessment of hand washing with soap - 2010 3. Assessment of household water treatment and safe storage - 20104. Assessment of 3 key behaviours (SED, HWWS and HWTS) - 20112

Development of national scaling up strategies (2010-2011)for

1. Rural sanitation model and scaling up strategy;2. National Strategy for scaling up HWWS3. National Strategy for HWTS4. The WASH SPLASH Strategy

Scaled up implementation (2012-2016) − WASH programme implementation in 5 regions− Adaptation and use by other sector programmes− Continued national coordination− Monitoring, evaluation, documentation and learning

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In Conclusion …• Although there are principles and frameworks for

scaling up interventions, I will like to emphasized that the process, the building blocks and time may differ from country to country

• Final critical point to note is that HWTS is not replacing the normal community water supply, but complementing it. That is why the need for integration in programming


Technology

Scaling up hwts – the