JICA’s Experience JICA’s Experience for Scaling up for Scaling up

in the Context of Rice Development in the Context of Rice Development in Africain Africa

Shinjiro AmameishiShinjiro Amameishi

Rural Development Department, JICARural Development Department, JICA

ContentsContents

1.1. JICA’s Assistance PolicyJICA’s Assistance Policy

2.2. JICA’s Experience on “Scaling Up” in the JICA’s Experience on “Scaling Up” in the Context of Rice Development in AfricaContext of Rice Development in Africa

( １ ) Tanzania

①Rice Cultivation

② Irrigation Development

( ２ ) Egypt

①South-South Cooperation on Rice Cultivation

3.3. Implications from JICA’s ExperienceImplications from JICA’s Experience

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1. JICA’s Assistance Policy1. JICA’s Assistance Policy

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JICA’s Assistance Scheme

Technical Cooperation

ODA Loan

Grant Aid

Mission

JICA supports promotion of

Capacity Development (CD)Capacity Development (CD)

1. Addressing the global agenda2. Reducing poverty through equitable growth3. Improving governance4. Achieving human security

JICA’s Assistance PolicyJICA’s Assistance PolicyJICA’s Assistance PolicyJICA’s Assistance Policy

Enhanced effectiveness, efficiency and impactwith 3S3S

SSpeed Uppeed Up SScale upcale up SSpread Outpread Out Scaling UpScaling Up

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Importance of Importance of Capacity Development (CD) for scaling upCapacity Development (CD) for scaling up

LessonsLessons learned from previous experiencelearned from previous experience

・ Donor-driven approach・ Introduction of foreign techniques/systems without absorptive capacity of partner countrieswithout absorptive capacity of partner countries

CD is essential for sustainable devt and CD is essential for sustainable devt and wider impact of successful projects wider impact of successful projects (“Scaling Up”)(“Scaling Up”)

▲Low sustainability 　　▲ Low impact

2. JICA’s Experience on “Scaling Up” 2. JICA’s Experience on “Scaling Up” in the Context of Rice Development in the Context of Rice Development

in Africain Africa

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National Rice Development Strategy National Rice Development Strategy in Tanzania (NRDS)in Tanzania (NRDS)

To increase rice production (2018: 1,963m Tons),

Improve productivity of irrigated rice (Paddy)Improve productivity of irrigated rice (Paddy)Promote irrigation developmentPromote irrigation development

Year

Rain-fed upland

Rain-fed lowland

Irrigated Total

Area(Ha)

YieldProduction(‘000 Tons)

Area(Ha)

YieldProduction(‘000 Tons)

Area(Ha) Yield

Production(‘000 Tons)

Area(Ha)

Production(‘000 Tons)

2008 17 0.5 9 464 1 464 200 2.13 426 681 899

2013 21 1 21 374 1.5 561 290 3 870 685 1,452

2018 31 1.6 50 274 2 548 390 3.5 1,365 695 1,963

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JICA’s Assistance for Rice DevelopmentJICA’s Assistance for Rice Developmentin Tanzaniain Tanzania

Training Facility

70s （ 1974 ～） 80s 90s 2000 ～

Post harvestFacility

DeptStudy

Agri & Rice Devt In Kilimanjaro

Rice Training

(KATC, KATC 2)TANRICE

Irrigation DeptLower Moshi,Kilimanjaro

Grant

T/C

Loan

KilimanjaroRegion

Across the Country

Productivity2t/ha→6t/ha

IrrigationMaster

Plan

Small Scale

IrrigationGuideline

JICA has 40 JICA has 40 year experienceyear experience

TechnicalIrrigationCapacity

Rice DevtRice Devt

Irrigation DevtIrrigation DevtIrrigation DevtIrrigation Devt

① ①Rice CultivationRice Cultivation

TANRICE(TANRICE(June 2007–June 2012)

Purpose:

Disseminate paddy cultivation techniques to core farmers (&

extension officers) Geographical Target: Nationwide Beneficiaries:

More than 13,000 farmers (& Extension Officers) Project Activities:

　○ Transfer training capacity from core training center

(KATC) to other three (3) training centers (MATI).

　○ Conduct paddy cultivation trainings for core farmers

/extension officers at each training center.

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Institutional Building for dissemination of Institutional Building for dissemination of paddy cultivation techniques (Scaling Up)paddy cultivation techniques (Scaling Up)

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MATI

MATIMATI

KATCKATCTransfer Transfer training training capacitycapacity

from KATC from KATC to MATIsto MATIs

Training for Training for Farmers/Extension Farmers/Extension

OfficersOfficers

Techniques have been disseminated (Scaling Up) through institutional building

ProductivityProductivity(Trained Irrigation Schemes (Trained Irrigation Schemes 2.3t2.3t→→3.83.8tt ）

Trainings are conducted in sustainable way by utilizing existing system (Govt budget)

Breakdown of Training Cost by TANRICE

JICAGovt Budget (Common Basket)

TANRICE

CommonBasket

District

DistrictDistrict

Disbursement

Govt Several DPs

Utilize Govt System for “Scaling Up”Utilize Govt System for “Scaling Up”

Rice cultivation trainingfor farmers

across the country

Financial sustainability is secured 　　　

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1.Physical 1.Physical InfrastructureInfrastructure

(Increase Budget/ Financial Resources)

2. Technical Capacity2. Technical Capacity

①Enhance Tech Level

　② Increase the number of Tech persons

②② Irrigation DevelopmentIrrigation Development

Sustainable & Quality Irrigation DevtSustainable & Quality Irrigation Devt

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Irrigation Devt FundIrrigation Devt Fund(Small Scale, Mid & Large Scale)(Small Scale, Mid & Large Scale)

Common BasketCommon Basket

Tanzania Govt DPs (WB, IFAD, AfDB, Ireland, JICA)

JICA ・ ASDP Basket

WB・ Common Basket ・ Small Scale Irrigation 　 ・ Mid & Large Scale Irrigation

Mid & Large ScaleIrrigation Devt Fund Small Scale

Irrigation Devt Fund

JICA・ Common Basket ・ Small Scale Irrigation 　

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Follow “Irrigation Guideline”supported by JICA

JICA’s assistance on Irrigation DevtJICA’s assistance on Irrigation DevtFor Scaling UpFor Scaling Up

Phase 1 (- Jan 2010)Phase 1 (- Jan 2010) TechnicalTechnical: Make “Small Scale Irrigation Guideline”

Phase 2 (Dec 2010 -)Phase 2 (Dec 2010 -) FinancialFinancial ： Disburse for Small Scale Irrigation Devt Fund TechnicalTechnical: Strengthen technical capacity (Human Resource, Institution) at Central & District levels

Small Scale Irrigation Devt Fund (Common Basket)

DistrictDistrict

DistrictDistrict

Irrigation Development(Scaling Up)

Technical Technical SupportSupport

DisburseDisburse JICA JICA Combination of

““Financial”Financial” & “Technical”“Technical”

support

Progress of Irrigation Devt Progress of Irrigation Devt in Tanzaniain Tanzania

ProgressProgress

Why successful irrigation devt (“Scaling Up”)?Why successful irrigation devt (“Scaling Up”)?○Govt puts priority on irrigation

○Utilize functioning Govt system

(Small Scale Irrigation Devt Fund)

Secure sufficient budget

○Enhance technical capacity (Individual technical

Irrigation officers & Irrigation institutions)

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Increase irrigated area at about 30,000ha/yearabout 30,000ha/year in the past a couple of years

(2) Egypt(2) Egypt

JICA’s assistace for South South Cooperation (SSC)

Background1981-90s: JICA supported rice production in Egypt

(Technical Cooperation, Grant Aid) → 　 acquired cultivation techniquesacquired cultivation techniques

1987: Third country training on rice cultivation techniques started(-2006)

1998: JICA and Egypt signed “Triangular Tech Cooperation Programme

for Promotion of South-South Cooperation in Africa”

2000: Dispatch of Third country expert started

2009: Third country training on “rice cultivation techniques for Africa”

restarted 16

Productivity (Present) Egypt: 9.7t/ha Japan: 6.4t/ha Africa: 1-3t/ha

(2) (2) EgyptEgypt

South South Cooperation (Cont’d)

Third country training : “rice cultivation techniques for Africa” ・ Restarted in 2009

　　　　　 ・ Organization: Egyptian International Center for Agriculture (EICA)

・ Participants: 20 (from more than 10 African countries)

・ Duration: 5 months

Third Country Experts: Dispatch technical persons as rice experts to African countries

(Zambia, Zimbabwe, Uganda, etc).

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JICA supports Egypt JICA supports Egypt on South-South Cooperation on South-South Cooperation

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Egyptian Experts

Training in Egypt

3. Implications 3. Implications from JICA’s Experiencefrom JICA’s Experience

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Implications for “Scaling Up” Implications for “Scaling Up” from JICA’s Experiencefrom JICA’s Experience

① ①Align Govt policyAlign Govt policy （（ Govt priorityGovt priority ）） Rice: Strategic crop Irrigation: Highest priority area

SSC: Govt policy

　②　② Utilize Govt`s existing & functioning system/institutionsUtilize Govt`s existing & functioning system/institutions A) A) Financial aspect: Financial aspect:

Training & irrigation budgets come from common basket

(Secure financial sustainability)

B) B) Operational aspect:Operational aspect:

Utilize functioning training centers (KATC, MATI)

Utilize experienced institute (EICA)

③ ③ Collaborate with other partnersCollaborate with other partners Finance irrigation basket fund with WB to maximize impact

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Tanzania

Egypt

Tanzania

Tanzania

Egypt

Formulate projects taking into account Formulate projects taking into account “Scaling Up”“Scaling Up”

Tanzania

(1) Planning(1) Planning

Implications for “Scaling Up” Implications for “Scaling Up” from JICA’s Experience (Cont`d)from JICA’s Experience (Cont`d)

④ ④ Capacity Development (CD) (Technical , Operational)Capacity Development (CD) (Technical , Operational)

Tech: Trainers of Training (TOT) on rice cultivation

Operational: Planning, Implementation, M&E

① ① Develop “Simple” and “Applicable” techniquesDevelop “Simple” and “Applicable” techniques Rice cultivation: Leveling, Line Planting, Spacing, etc

②② Target potential groupsTarget potential groups (Successful results are expected) (Successful results are expected)

Train farmers from potential irrigation schemes so that

successful result can be expected.

③③ Show successful resultsShow successful results Rice productivity increased from 2.3t to 3.8t

Irrigation devt 30,000ha/year21

Tanzania

Tanzania

Tanzania

Egypt

Tanzania

(2) Output (expect successful results)(2) Output (expect successful results)

Thank you very much.Thank you very much.

Arigatou Gozaimashita.Arigatou Gozaimashita.

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