Radcomms 2012, Session One: Dynamic spectrum access - Georg Schöne

Dynamic Spectrum Access and Whitespace Devices-New challenges and chances for Spectrum Regulators and Industry

RadComms,Melbourne, June 6st, 2012

Georg Schöne

© 2012 LS telcom AG Dynamic Spectrum Access RadComms 2012 Page 2

Reasons for Dynamic Spectrum Access

Methods of DSA

Dynamic Geo-location Databases

Experiences from the US TV Whitespace project

Problems of Dynamic Spectrum Access

Summary

Agenda


Reasons for Dynamic Spectrum Access

Better usage of “residual” Spectrum

Easy reclaim and re-farming of Spectrum

Instant reaction possibility on emergency incidents

Making Spectrum available which cannot be freed otherwise like military bands

Multiple ServicesOne Service

On

e O

per

ato

rM

ore

Op

erat

ors

Iden

tica

l H

yrac

hie

Mu

ltip

leH

yrac

hie

leve

ls

Ö

ÖÖÖ

?

ÖÖ

ÖÖ

??

Many entities would be open for band sharing if they could definitely reclaim their frequencies within one hour


Is Space available?

There is empty room for secondary use Where are which frequencies and which services when in use

Is the frequency open for secondary/ 3rd level usage

Is use negotiable?

At which costs and restrictions?

Time

Amplitude

FrequencyFrequency

Whitespace

Spatial

Whitespace

The problem is that empty space is always where it is not so urgently needed:

In the rural areas

Whitespace

in Time


White Spaces?

There is room in time and frequency within the bands

Low power services can always more easily be accommodated


Methods of Dynamic Spectrum Access

Self negotiating devices (listen before talk, negotiation channels…)

Works fine in equally privileged scenarios of lesser importance like WiFi ,

Amateur Radio or CB

Problem of interference to others in systems with non equal link balance.

Therefore not appropriate for systems with safety of live or high availability

/high quality of service requirements

Locally controlled networks

Typical example: GSM/3G: BSC assigns channel and timeslot or code

for a mobile.

Geo-location databases

All systems report to one central node


Dynamic Geo-location Databases


Dynamic Spectrum Databases: External communication

National

Frequency register

Up

date o

f natio

nal

licensin

g in

form

ation

Up

date o

f intern

ation

al

licensin

g in

form

ation

Neighbour countrys

frequency DB‘s

Other Dyn. Spectr.

DB‘S (if any)

Devices and

Sensors

Dynamic

Spectrum DB

Sen

sor in

form

ation

abo

ut lo

cal Interfen

ce


Dynamic Spectrum Databases: Device communication

Secu

re con

nectio

n is

initiated

Device or

network

element

Spectrum DB

Component Step1 Step2 Step3 Step4 Step5 Step6 Step7

GPS

position

Rep

ort p

ositio

n an

d

device in

form

ation

Analyse

interference

Sh

ip list o

f available

frequ

encies

Check for

best qualityNegotiate

with

neighbours


Experiences from the US TV-Whitespace project


US Band for TV Band devices

TV Band Channels

There are 49 channels available, giving 294 MHz of total space Fixed Devices are basically allowed on 46 channels with 276 MHz of total space Personal and Portable devices are allowed on 30 channels =180 MHz

No portable use

Radio Astronomy Ch37 Digital DividendNot for portable use


TV Whitespaces in US Channels 2-51

• Full Service (A)• Class A (A)• Low Power (A)• Translators (A)

Full Service (D) Class A (D) Low Power (D) Translators (D)

• Broadcast Auxiliary• Commercial (Trunking)• Private (Trunking)

Full Service (D)Class A (D)Low Power (D)Translators (D)

Full Service (A)Class A (A)Low Power (A)Translators (A)

Broadcast AuxiliaryCommercial (Trunking)Private (Trunking)

More than 1500 locations


Compatibility Checks: Priviledged permanent services

Broadcast

stations

Cable

headends

and

repeaters

Canadian

boarder

Mexican

boarder


Compatibility Checks: Temporary wireless microfones

Protection during event duration: Single event

Specific pattern

Repetitive

Area protection of single locations,

spot arrangements or

quad literals


Look and feel of a Whitespace Database: Channel Availability

Most important part are background replies to frequency requests of WSBD

In the foreground there may be assignments to non linked entities like Wireless mics


Problems of dynamic spectrum access

Manipulation of devices, devices from abroad-> May always be an issue The device may report e.g. a wrong location somewhere in the rural and hence get a full

set of frequencies The device might not at all take care for local rules

Fake of databases: The device believes to be connected to a database but in fact talks to a proxi

Blocking of the service by spam attacks By mass registering of higher privileged services

The database operator has full control over the network Operator can switch off the service or a region completely (is as well an advantage) Anyone hacking the database will have control over the network


Risks of dynamic spectrum access: Available Channels I

Example: Juarez/New Mexico

Infrastructure Site

(4W but reserved channels)

Low Power Site

(100mW, no reserved channels)

-> 18 channels available -> 15 channels available


Risks of dynamic spectrum access: Available Channels II

Example: Butte/Montana

Infrastructure Site


Low Power Site




Risks of dynamic spectrum access: Available Channels III

Example: Sweet Grass, Canadian Boarder

Infrastructure Site


Low Power Site




Risks of dynamic spectrum access: Available Channels IV

Example: Annapolis/Maryland

Infrastructure Site


Low Power Site




Risks of dynamic spectrum access: Available Channels V

Example: Washington, DC

Infrastructure Site


Low Power Site




Can this technology change our way of spectrum usage?


Dynamic Spectrum Access may allow….

Better usage of existing Spectrum resource

Simple returning of Spectrum to the resource pool when not needed

Reconfiguration /refarming on Bands in literally no time

Attracting owners of a spectrum resource to share it with other users

Completely new business models for Spectrum owners


Whitespace-Summary

TV Whitespace will very likely not be a stand

alone service but mainly be used to add more

capacity to other channels of wireless access.

Dynamic Spectrum Access using Whitespace

databases may turn out to be one of the most

powerful and effective Spectrum Management

means for the future


Thank you for your attention!

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Radcomms 2012, Session One: Dynamic spectrum access - Georg Schöne