Equipment

Cylindrical mold measuring 105 mm in diameter, 115.5mm high and the volume of 1000cm and the connection on the base plate

Rams 2.5 kg with distance down 300 mm (standard method)

Can

The measuring water

Steel ruler

Pan balance sensitive to 0.1g

British standard sieve

(19 mm )

Spatula

PROCEDURE

1) Mold and base plate are weighed with accuracy of 1kg.

2) Dry soil was sieved with 19 mm sieves and 14 kg of soil was taken.3)

4) Meld was prepared on a hard flat surface. Filled by three layers of soil. Each layer was compacted by 25 blows with a ram. Impact made a cimprehensive and uniform layer on each surface. The last layer should be about 10 mm above the connector.To modify the method, the soil is compacted in five layers and with the same number of blows.

5) Connector was carefully removed. The steel was used to smoothed the soil surface with level mold.

6) Mold was weighed, base plate and a compacted soil that accuracy of 1g.

7) Some of the soil was take out for sample to determine moist content.8) Mold was clean up.9) Crushed and mixed land back to the balance of the original land.10) Water is added to increase the soil moisture content. Water was added to 2% of the

total weight of the soil and mix it.11) Methods 3-7 are repeated.12) The method is repeated 5 times with water add 2% for each repetition. Experiments

can be stopped when the mass of the mold base plate and the soil (total mass) has been compacted were less than the total mass in the previous compaction work.

Proctor

Compaction

Tests

Introductionsoil compaction is the process that soil particles are mechanically compacted to increase density. for each soil type, amount and type of compaction is given, there is an optimum moisture content will produce soil particles that are once and the maximum dry density.

Objective

Student should be able to : -

determine the relationship between dry density and moisture content.

determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density

PROCEDURE

1) Mold and base plate are weighed with accuracy of 1kg.

2) Dry soil was sieved with 19 mm sieves and 14 kg of soil was took.

3) Mold was prepared on a hard flat surface. Filled by three layers of soil. Each layer was compacted by 25 blows with a ram. Impact made a cimprehensive and uniform layer on each surface. The last layer should be about 10 mm above the connector.

To modify the method, the soil is compacted in five layers and with the same number of blows.

4) Connector was carefully removed. The steel was used to smoothed the soil surface with level mold.

5) Mold was weighed,base plate and a compacted soil that accuracy of 1g.

6) Some of the soil was take out for sample to determine moist content.

7) Mold was clean up.8) Crushed and mixed land back to the balance of the original land.9) Water is added to increase the soil moisture content. Water was added to 2% of the

total weight of the soil and mix it.10) Methods 3-7 are repeated.11) The method is repeated 5 times with water add 2% for each repetition. Experiments

can be stopped when the mass of the mold base plate and the soil (total mass) has been compacted were lessthenthe total mass in the previous compaction work.

DiscussionThe Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. The term Proctor is in honour of R. R. Proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given comp active effort depends on the amount of water the soil contains during soil compaction. His original test is most commonly referred to as the standard Proctor compaction test; later on, his test was updated to create the modified Proctor compaction test.

These laboratory tests generally consist of compacting soil at known moisture content into a cylindrical mould of standard dimensions using a comp active effort of controlled magnitude. The soil is usually compacted into the mould to a certain amount of equal layers, each receiving a number blows from a standard weighted hammer at a specified height. This process is then repeated for various moisture contents and the dry densities are determined for each. The graphical relationship of the dry density to moisture content is then plotted to establish the compaction curve. The maximum dry density is finally obtained from the peak point of the compaction curve and its corresponding moisture content, also known as the optimal moisture content.

ConclusionCompaction is the process by which the bulk density of an aggregate of matter is increased by driving out air. For any soil, for a given amount of comp active effort, the density obtained depends on the moisture content. At very high moisture contents, the maximum dry density is achieved when the soil is compacted to nearly saturation, where (almost) all the air is driven out. At low moisture contents, the soil particles interfere with each other; addition of some moisture will allow greater bulk densities, with a peak density where this effect begins to be counteracted by the saturation of the soil

Reference

1. Donald Mcglinchey, , Characterisation of bulk solids, 2005, CRC Press DT Afrika.

2. Mazlan Mohammad Abdul Hamid, Standard aggregate sieve analysis TEST, ASTM International - Standards Worldwide, (July 2008) ASTM C136-06, retrived from http://www.astm.org/

3. Norliza Muhammad, concrete laboratory,(2006). Gradation Test. (2007), NorlizaMuhammad,FajarBaktiSdn. Bhd.