BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

MINOR TRAINING REPORT ON

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTED BY:- Mr GYAAN RATAN HIRKANE Milind Waikar Rajnish gavhade MECH DEPT.

CONTENTS

  WHAT IS CIPET?  SUB DIVSIONS OF PRODUCTION

UNIT CELL - MATERIAL SELECTION CELL - TESTING DEPARTMENT - DESIGNING DEPARTMENT - MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my sincere gratitude to your honorable

HOD Mr. Prabhash Jain sir, under whose inspiration and valuable guidance I could undertake this project. I am equally grateful to our teacher Mr. Gyaan Sir under whose proficient and able supervision this project could be brought to maturity. He made me realize that things can be done in limited resources and time.

Last but not the least my sincere thanks goes to my parents and all my colleagues and well wishes whose Constant encouragement kept me busy throughout this job.

  

INTRODUCTION

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, is a process unit cell. It is a main base of any industry. In it analytical study of a product is done so as to find

its merits and demerits and then permit it to the mass production.

A production unit cell is sub divided into 4 sections as

MATERIAL SELECTION DEPARTMENT TESTING DEPARTMENT DESIGNING DEPARTMENT PRODUCTION CELL

MATERIAL SELECTION DEPARTMENT

The commonly used engineering materials for manufacturing are:- 1} METALS AND ALLOYS 2} PLASTICS

1} METALS AND ALLOYS- The metals and alloys are further classified as:- A} Ferrous metals and alloys B} Nonferrous metals and alloys

2} PLASTICS- Plastics are organic substances or resins, usually containing oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and some other elements. These organic compounds are called polymers. A plastic is usually divided into two groups.

1} Thermoplastic 2} Thermosetting plastic

TESTING DEPARTMENT

In the TESTING CELL different types of tests is performed on the material so as to check its mechanical properties such as-strength, elasticity, stiffness, plasticity, ductility, malleability, resilience, toughness, hardness, hardenability, brittleness, machinability, creep, fatigue etc.

In industries, testing of a material is classified into two groups :-

1} Destructive testing 2} Non-destructive testing 

DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

In a destructive testing, the material undergoes to tensile test, compression test, hardness test, impact test, fatigue test, creep test, etc so as to check the strength and mechanical properties of a material in better way.

TENSILE TEST

- This test is carried out in UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE. - In a tensile testing a graph is plot b/w stress v/s strain for a material at different tensile loads so as to finds the tensile strength of a material.

TENSILE TEST stress-strain diagram:-  Stress is the intensity of the internally distributed forces or component of forces that resist a change in the form of a body. It is measured in terms of force per unit area. There are three basic kinds of stress: • tension • compression • shear

Stress = Force (N)/Area (mm²)

 

HARDNESS TEST Resistance to permanent indentation under static or dynamic force – is called Hardness.  The hardness can be done by three ways:- 1} Rockwell hardness test 2} Brinell hardness test 3} Vickers hardness test

IMPACT TEST IMPACT TESTING is performed on material because the behaviour of materials under dynamic forces differ markedly from their behaviour under static or slowly applied forces. There are two different methods of performing impact test on a material. 1} Charpy impact testing machine 2} Izod impact testing machine CHARPY IMPACT TESTING MACHINE

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

There are inherent flaws in materials due to crystal lattice imperfections and dislocations. Manufacturing processes such as welding, casting, forging, surface treatment, etc. may cause further flaws or defects. Materials are used under various conditions of stress, fatigue and corrosion, which may create additional defects or aggravate present ones. There is, therefore, a need to detect these flaws and evaluate them in terms of their nature, size and location .These are done through inspection and testing. One method of inspection is to subject the material or weld to destructive tests, which would provide information about the performance of that test object. The disadvantage of destructive testing is that, as the name implies, the test object is destroyed in the process. Therefore, testing methods have been developed to provide the information required for the test object without rendering it unfit for service.

These methods are referred to as non-destructive tests because they permit evaluation of the material or component without destroying it.

NON- DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

Various NDT methods have been developed so as to get the desired result as per requirement. These methods are.

(A) Visual inspection (B) Liquid penetrant inspection (C) Magnetic particle testing (D) Radiographic inspection (E) Ultrasonic testing (F) Eddy current testing

DESIGNING DEPARTMENT The commonly used designing software by the engineers for

designing a product or job are:-

CAD { COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING} CAM {COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING}

CAD {COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING} CAD was developed in year 1971 by Dr . P . J . Hanratty Computer-aided drafting (CAD),also known as computer-aided

design (CAD) use the computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.

CAD output is often use in the form of electronic files for print or machining operations.

CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two-dimensional (2D) space; or curves, surfaces, and solids in three-dimensional (3D) space. Moreover , it can also convert a design in 2D into 3D CAD or vice versa.

DESIGNING DEPARTMENT

Computer-aided design is used by engineers and designers and in many ways depending on the profession of the user and the type of software in question.

  Computer-aided engineering (CAE) Finite element analysis (FEA) Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), a

software which gives instructions to Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines

.

DESIGNING DEPARTMENT

CAM {COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING}

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of workpieces.

It is a subsequent process , after model is generated in CAD and verified in CAE , it can input in the CAM software, which then control the machine tool.

CAM has been considered as a numerical control (NC) programming tool, where in two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) models of components generated in CAD software are used to generate G-code to drive computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools.

The evolution CNC was taken in 1947 when numerical control (NC) was born.

After designing a product in CAD or CAM software, the design is used to generate G-code so as to drive a CNC machine to manufacture a product.

Numerical control (NC) is a method of automatically operating a manufacturing machine based on a code letters, numbers and special characters.

MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT

MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT

TYPES OF CNC MACHINES  1} CNC LATHE MACHINE 2} CNC MILLING MACHINE 3} CNC DRILLING MACHINE - BENCH DRILL - PILLAR DRILL 4} CNC BORING MACHINE 5} CNC GRINDING MACHINE 6} ELECTRONIC DISCHARGE MACHINE [EDM] 7} LASER CUTTING MACHINE

MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT

CNC LATHE

They cut metal that is often turning at fast speeds. CNC lathes are able to make fast, precision cuts using indexable tools and drills with complicated programs. Normally, they cannot be cut on manual lathes. They often include 12 tool holders and coolant pumps to cut down on tool wear. 

MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT

CNC MILLING MACHINE

These machining centers use computer controls to cut different Materials. They are able to translate programs consisting of specific number and letters to move the spindle to various locations and depths. They are Used to make 3D prototypes, moulds, cutting dies, printing plates and sights.

MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT

CNC DRILLING MACHINE

Drilling is commonly used for mass production. The drilling machine (drilling press) is used to create or enlarge holes.

Drilling machine for different jobs are as follows  - BENCH DRILL : For drilling holes through raw materials such as wood, plastic and metal.  - PILLAR DRILL : larger version that stands upright on the floor. As the bench drill, it can be used to drill larger pieces of materials and produce bigger holes  

 

MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT

ELETRONIC DISCHARGE MACHINE Wire EDM machines utilize a very thin wire (.0008 to .012 in.) as an electrode. The wire is stretched between diamond guides and carbide that

conduct current to the wire and cuts the part like a band saw. Material is removed by the erosion caused by a spark that moves

horizontally with the wire.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wikipedia- free encyclopedia Google book http://www.ehow.com http://www.cnc-machining-center-

yida.com http://www.cncci.com 

THANK YOU …….