Presentation 3 Slides - Marcel Meeus - SUSTESCO

ENERGY MATERIALS INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INITIATIVE

Bridging the Innovation Gap

Introduction to Battery Markets and Technologies

EMIRI – Energy Materials Industrial Research Initiative

Dr. Marcel Meeus – Consultant Sustesco

www.emiri.eu

Masterclass EMIRI Tech Talk 23-2-2017 1



Agenda

• 1. General market overview

• 2. General technology overview and trends

• 3. Specific applications:

3.1 Portables market

3.2 Automotive market

3.3 Stationary market

3.4 Printed batteries

• 4. EMIRI program on stationary energy storage, automotive and light weight EV’s

2Masterclass EMIRI Tech Talk 23-2-2017



Agenda

• 1. General market overview• 2. General technology overview and trends










1.General market overview 2015: source Avicenne




Li Ion market 2015- MWh/Value




Growth thanks to many new applications




Just one example: the E-Bikes (Li Ion China 10%, EU 90%, cap 200-500 Whrs)




...in the automotive field: irreversible trends to electrification




...in the automotive field: emerging sales



Bridging the Innovation GapHome electrical storageMaximize self-consumption of solar power

Grid storage (Power,Energy)

(Power/Energy

10

(

)

Oshawa Power / Tabuchi Electric -Home Solar-Plus-Storage Pilot - 5 kW / 10 kWh per home

Masterclass EMIRI Tech Talk 23-2-2017



General Li Ion market forecast (x4 by 2025)




Automotive the main growth driver

• Depending on scenario’s




Posible car segmentation by 2020- base case




ESS is the next big thing (graphs 2014).




The Li-ion ESS battery segment is projected to reach 3,130 MW by 2020, growing at a CAGR of close to 72 percent.



Bridging the Innovation Gapalso in home storage


The market for battery storageis growing very fast, especially in Germanywhere the combination of feed-in tariffs,support schemes for batteries and highelectricity prices create particularly attractiveconditions for battery deployment.



However second life becoming realistic in ESS


http://www.eol-is.de/

By 2018, says ”Used EV batteries for stationary storage”: second-life supply & costs, the cost of repurposing batteries for second-life applications could go down to as little as USD$49 per kWh.



Printed batteries still small volumesIDTechEx predicts that this market will grow to become a $471m industry in

2026 from a small market base today.Read more at: http://www.idtechex.com/research/reports/flexible-printed-and-thin-film-batteries-2016-2026-technologies-markets-players-000463.asp




Key to succes is cost reduction Li Ion

• Cathode Material = Key cost / performance driver


By 2020, the cost in € /kWh has to come down to < 150 €/kWhFor stationary applications down to < 0,05 €/kWh/cycle



And cost is evolving to targets




Li Ion expected to remain the technology of choice min.until 2030, megafactories are coming

On cell level

CurrentLi Ion

2020Li Ion

2030Li Ion

Beyond 2030(Post) Li Ion

Energy density (Wh/kg)

90-235 250-350 350-400 > 500

Volumetric energy density (Wh/l)

200-600 750 >750 > 1000

Cost (€/kWh)

180-285 90 75 < 75




Agenda


• 2. General technology overview and trends• 3. Specific applications:









Battery criteria




Key parameters: requirements home storage and automotive are differ ent




Type of batteries (post Pb-acid)


NiMH

(1.2V)

Li-Ion

(~3.8V)

Advanced Li-Ion

(3.8V-5.0V )

New Systems



Advanced Li Ion batteries




Typical Cathode materials- trends to NMC types


Major types cathode materials for

rechargeable Li ion batteries:

� - Layered cathodes (incl. LiCoO2 (LCO),

NMC, NCA) : > 90% of market

• - Phosphates (LiFePO4) (LFP)

• - LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO)



Market trends 2015-2020




Future evolution to higher voltage battery systems


Solvay R&I



Developments 5V cathode materials: www.fivevb.eu


Xu, J. T.; Dou, S. X.; Liu, H. K.; Dai, L. M. Nano Energy 2013, 2, 439



Paired with high capacity novel anode materials www.spicy -project .euwww.sintbat.eu

� Si/C composites




Electrolyte modifications (1)




And trends to more polymer types and solid state batteries

• For improved safety


HS-GLASSion



Advanced materials and competencies play a key role.




Battery systems beyond Li-ion: focus > 400 Wh/kg, > 1000 Wh/l

• Alternative ion-based systems:Na-ion, Al-ion,...

• Metal-Air (Li,Zn...)

• Sulphur based batteries

• Flow batteries

• .....



Bridging the Innovation GapAlternative Metal-Ion systems: Na-ion, Al-ion

www.alionproject.euwww.naiadesproject.eu




Metal (Zn,Li) - Air Issues: dendrites,rechargeability,bi-functional air catalysts,electrolyte choice...

37

sintef.no/zas


ucsd.edu



Na-S / high t°(NGK) Li-S / ambient t°


www.aliseproject.com

www.helis-project.eu

www.greencarcongress.com



Redox Flow EU projects GLOBE (all organic), InFluENCE (Semi-Solid Flow Batteries)...




Storage maturity curve




Agenda



• 3. Specific applications:3.1 Portables market








• 3.1 Portable batteries: Electronics : Wh/L, safety and low swellingGalaxy Note 7 : the race to the tiniest and higher capacity design with inherent risks




3.2 Automotive applications




Barriers from the consumers point of view




Safety improvement by advanced materials




Safety improvement by system design

• Safety characteristics of Li-ion batteries are ultimately determined by the attributes of system design , including mechanical and thermal characteristics, electronics and communications, and control algorithms.

• Important are :

Choice of materials

Battery Management System (BMS) avoiding overcharge and controlling temperature

Additives to electrolyte and coatings on separator

Rigid mechanical construction

Reliable supplier




Ageing

Generally, the capacity fade of Li-ion cells is due to a combination of three main processes

• Loss of Li / loss of balance between electrodes

• Loss of electrode area

• Loss of electrode material / conductivity


State-of-Health Estimation of Li-ion Batteries: Cycle Life Test Methods: Jens Groot



SoC and SoH




Sales EV’s in Europe: range depending on battery capacity but expected to double for the same battery weight


Masterclass EMIRI Tech Talk 23-2-2017 50



Charging infrastructure still unsufficient but new announcements will further develop an EU network:


A consortium of major carmakers is planning a high-powered fast-charging network for electric vehicles in Europe. BMW Group, Daimler AG, Ford Motor Company, Volkswagen Group, Audi and Porsche are targeting an initial 400 sites with chargers of up to 350 kW.



FCEV’s will be there in the mid-term with new advanced materials


2017 New “Hydrogen Council” launches in Davos

Air Liquide, Alstom, Anglo American, BMW GROUP, Daimler, ENGIE, Honda, Hyundai, Kawasaki, Royal Dutch Shell, The Linde Group, Total and Toyota



Example FCH Buses




Challenges FCEV’s




3.3 Stationary applications


• Multiple applications but Li Ion spans power and energy domains



And V2G an option for the future




3.4 Printed applications www.basmati -project .com




Zn MnO2 primary still most widely used




Agenda








• 4. EMIRI program on stationary energy storage, auto motive and light weight EV’s




EMIRI Association works for the future of Advanced

Materials for low carbon energy (LCE) in Europe




The Industry-Driven Initiative promoted by EMIRI calls

for prioritization & action in R&I on Adv. Materials

4

KC1

KC3 KC4

KC2

� Following collaboration of EMIRI members (Industry, Research Organizations, Associations) with

DG R&I (Key Enabling Technologies), a focused R&I program on Advanced Materials for LCE was defined

� The R&I program is the backbone of the IndustryIndustryIndustryIndustry----Driven Initiative (IDI) Driven Initiative (IDI) Driven Initiative (IDI) Driven Initiative (IDI) called EMERITEMERITEMERITEMERIT (Energy Materials

for Europe – Research & Industry innovating Together)

� The IDI focusses on 23 topics (in range of TRL 4-7) spread over 4 key components 4 key components 4 key components 4 key components addressing the

challenges of the European Energy System … and contributing to relevant actions listed in the SET Plan

Integrated Roadmap document

� The IDI aims at bridging the gap between lab and market in Advanced MaterialsThe IDI aims at bridging the gap between lab and market in Advanced MaterialsThe IDI aims at bridging the gap between lab and market in Advanced MaterialsThe IDI aims at bridging the gap between lab and market in Advanced Materials, reducing innovation risks , reducing innovation risks , reducing innovation risks , reducing innovation risks

and accelerating innovation in Advanced Materials to enable faster development of low carbon energy and accelerating innovation in Advanced Materials to enable faster development of low carbon energy and accelerating innovation in Advanced Materials to enable faster development of low carbon energy and accelerating innovation in Advanced Materials to enable faster development of low carbon energy

technologies technologies technologies technologies

EMERITEMERITEMERITEMERIT




Among 23 topics promoted by EMIRIT IDI, 9 energy storage related topics are of interest to support Action 4 and 7 of Integrated SET Plan- Energy Union




SET Plan-10 targets and key actions




Action 7 e-mobility/storage - KPI targets (1)












Example (1)

• K3-I3 - Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life & environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries for E-Mobility-Li Ion batteries (Innovation Actions)

• While stationary applications of Li Ion batteries had a particular focus on cycle life, E-Mobility requires moreover the highest possible gravimetric and volumetric energy density combined with the use of low cost materials to achieve KPI cost targets as < 100 €/kWh by 2025. Optimization of Li-ion batteries for low cost, high safety and long cycle life requires the development of Advanced Materials for electrodes (cathode, anode, binders, current collectors), electrolytes and optimized packaging. These Advanced Materials can lead to improved automotive batteries with well specified KPIs for energy and power density, extended lifetime and significantly improved cost while offering full safety. Typical cathode materials can be e.g. Novel NMC compounds or spinels with higher voltage. Typical anode materials can be improved graphite or micron/nano-sized Si/C, Sn/C composites… In addition, electrolyte materials will need to be stable at higher voltages and the same prevails for novel separator materials. Solid-state developments by polymer or solid electrolytes may lead to higher safety levels. All Advanced Materials priorities will need to smartly combine low cost, high energy density and long cycle life. Recyclability and environmental impact should also be considered.




Example (2)

• K3-I5 - Lightweight materials for Battery packaging and Powertrain components (Research and Innovation Actions)

• Advanced materials relate to weight reduction in battery packaging and suspension and to the light weight development of electric motors in new low cost and highly efficient motor designs, alternative magnetic materials with reduced rare earth content, and improved motor manufacturing methods. Long-term emphasis must be given to non - rare earth motor architectures to reduce motor costs. Weight reduction is also targeted by the use of light weight advanced materials in thermal management integrating advanced low cost heat transfer technologies, in power electronics, in on-board chargers and in the traction drive system integrating inverter and motor system technologies.




Example (3)• K3-I6 - Lightweight materials for EV passenger cars and EV Heavy duty (Innovation

Actions)

• The innovation target focuses on the improvement in the performance of each lightweight material while reducing cost is dependent upon not only low cost raw materials but also on effective and energy efficient manufacturing processes . Materials specific technology gaps include the lack of predictive models, the need for optimized manufacturing, and requirements for improved material performance. For lighter-weight vehicle systems, a multi-material solution presents a flexible approach but requires the cost-effective joining of dissimilar materials. Research must also focus on improving the performance of lightweight materials. Cost reduction – of both raw material and manufacturing – is critical. Methods to mitigate corrosion using low cost techniques are also needed.




Thank you for your kind attention

Questions?


Technology

Presentation 3 Slides - Marcel Meeus - SUSTESCO