Silicon institute of technology

Sambalpur A seminar report on–

Power generation through speed breaker

Submitted by:-

Ranjan Kumar Thakur

Reg no -1201341110

Branch–Electrical Engg

Sem 7th

Acknowledgement:-

I would like to convey my sincere thanks to Ms Lopa Mudra Nayak

(Electrical department) for giving us such a wonderful opportunity to

improve our skills through these seminars. I would like to

Express my deep sense of gratitude, indebtedness to a l l the

Facul ty members for the i r guidance , ever inspi r ing, he lp

af fec t ionate , encouragement and mot ivat ion . They have been

a great source of inspiration for me. I have been receiving valuable

Suggestions from them. No words are sufficient to express my gratitude

to my friends for their exemplary patience Understanding, co-operation

& for creating congenial environment to out this work.

Abstract:-In India there are very crises of electricity in everywhere almost the all

Parts of India. By considering this issue a step has been taken which

Will reduce the crises of electricity. In this project we are trying to

Utilize one such source which was wasted before now the source is

Speed breaker that is ‘electricity generation through speed breaker’.

In this techniques when a vehicle passes through a speed breaker, by

the weight of vehicle a speed breaker moves downward by certain

Distance and a spring is arranged in such way that by the compression of

Spring a potential energy is applied to a spring gear system. By the

Conservation of energy we get a kinetic energy which is fed to Rotate

the shaft of alternator in this way an ac power is generated Which may

Step up by a transformer according to the need of demand .Generated

Power can be used for any purpose such as blowing of Street light,

Traffic light etc.

Content:-1. Introduction 2. Rack –pinion mechanism3. Project description 4. Result5. Advantage/limitation 6. Piezoelectric material7. Project description 8. Result9. Advantage and conclusion

Introduction:-By this project an attempt has been done so that a lot of energy

wasted in the speed breaker in the form of heat or by friction of

Tyres of car every time a vehicle passes over it. The number of

vehicles passing over the speed breaker in roads is increasing day

by day. There is great possibility of utilizing this energy and

generating power by making the speed-breaker as a power generation

unit. The generated power can be used for the lamps, street light or

traffic light near the speed breakers. This present work an attempt has

been made to design a ramp, which can utilize the kinetic energy of

vehicles in power generation. This type of ramp is best suited for

the places where the speed breaker is a necessity. The places like

Toll bridges or on vehicle parking stands are best for its

utilization. There are many method for use of kinetic energy of vehicle

such rank –pinion method , using spring gear arrangement having

flywheel ,with the help of piezoelectric materials. Every method has

certain own aspects that is merit and demerit. Each method can be used

differently in different area each has certain requirement on the basis by

which it can used .

Using piezoelectric material:-Piezoelectricity: A brief details --------

When a pressure is applied to the crystal of piezoelectric material by the

property of piezoelectricity it transform Mechanical strain to electricity.

The piezoelectric materials that exist naturally as quartz were not

properties for the production of electricity, however artificial

piezoelectric materials such as PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate).This may

take the form of a separation of electric Charge across the crystal lattice.

If the material is not short circuited, The applied charge induces a

voltage across the material. The word piezo is derived from the Greek

word piezien, which means to Squeeze or press. The conversion of

mechanical energy into electrical one is generally achieved by

converters alternator type or commonly known dynamo. The

phenomenon that produces an electric charge when a force is applied to

piezoelectric material is known as the piezoelectric effect.

Project description :A piezoelectric material is made up of both positively and negatively

charged particles arranged in such a way that all the positively-charged

particles and all the negatively-charged particles are grouped about the

same central point. Here one important thing is that it is not necessary

the need of speed Breaker it may be used in the road too.

Figure shows a sheet of piezoelectric materials are arranged on the road. .

Continue If two opposite faces of a crystal are placed under pressure by

means of the weight of vehicle.

the crystal can be slightly flattened and distorted, and the charged

particles making up the crystals are pushed together and spread out

sideways. This means there is, in effect, a separation of positive and

negative charges and a potential difference is therefore created between

two faces of the crystal causing the Output voltage and power is directly

proportional the pressure applied that is the weight of the vehicle .

Result –Voltage gradually increased by increasing of time under the random

force and it yields an efficiency of 65-75 %. Analytical investigation

gives around 8.4 watts usable power is generated. When 2 KN load

applied through piezo crystal, the electrical output voltage power is

12500 V. Through the excitation of a piezoelectric plate, it is

demonstrated that a 40 mah battery can be charged in less than half

an hour. Mainly the voltage is generated is directly proportional to the

applied mechanical stress.

Advantages- Small size Light wight

Pollution free Low noise Cost effective for implementation it is so because The assembly

developed using series and parallel combination of piezo- crystals is very cost effective. A single crystal costs around 23-25 Rupees, and hence the cost of whole assembly is very less.

It can be widely used in every where such on the road , bus stand ,car parking.

It can also be used in footstep, in the shoes. It is also applicable to disco.

Using rack-pinion mechanismAccording to statistics provided by the Ministry of road Transport &

Highways, in India the lengths of national highway till year 2012 was

About 76,818 km and 15-20 highways are there in each state. In

year 2002, 58.8 million and in 2004, 72.7 million vehicles were running

on Indian roads. The annual rate of growth of motor vehicle population

in India has been almost 10 percent during the last decade. on road these

vehicles waste a lot amount of energy due to speed breakers. There a

speed breaker is considered for this purpose for generation of electricity

and it may reduce the crises of electricity somehow without and

environment pollution and noise. many method were introduced

according to situation . After each generation the efficiency of model

increased and the limitations reduced .

Project description:

Some Terminologies–

sprocket chain drive - It Transfers

rotary motion between two shafts And a chain is provided which

transform mechanical energy to gear so that a gear may rotate in a

particular direction .

gear:-

The input gear transfers power to the output gear.

Flywheel:- This is used to store the energy and maintain the energy at an uniform level so that the shaft rotate at an uniform r.p.m. It

absorbs the energy when demand is less and releases the energy when it

is required.

Rack- pinion:- The rack and pinion used to convert between rotary and translatary motion. The rack is the flat toothed part, while

the pinion is the gear. Rack and pinion can convert rotary to linear of

from linear to rotary motion.

Operation –When the vehicle will come on the roof of speed breaker because of the

weight of top portion of the vehicle , speed breaker moves down wards

and the springs that are attached to the speed breaker are compressed

and the rack, which is attached to the bottom of the speed breaker

moves downward in reciprocating motion. The shaft consisting of the

U portion rotated in a particular direction. Due to this rotation of the

shaft, the sprocket will rotate and the rotational energy from one

shaft is transferred to the other shaft with the help of chain drive

arrangement. This rotates the gear which is mount on the bottom

shaft. This rotation of the gear rotate the shaft of generator and when

the shaft of the generator rotate we get a rotating circular magnetic

and by principle of faraday’s law an emf is generated and the direction

will be taken by lenz’s law. The generated electricity which can be

stored in the battery and on the basis of application it can be converted

in A.C. current using inverter circuit and the inverted ac power can

be used for lighting of the lamps signals, street light and many more

as per damand on the road or locality.

Block diagram of operation:

Result/observation A vehicle weighing 1,000kg passes over the system it pushes the

damper to a depth of 10 cm it can produce approximately 0.98 kilowatt

power (ideally). So from one such speed breaker on a busy

highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one

kilowatt of electricity can be produced energy single minute.

Actualy the research on this topic are being continue therefore in the

next two or three year we may get more and more efficient method so

that more and more we may generate power through speed breaker.

Advantage:- Require simple construction methods. Free from all types of pollutions.

It is economical and easy to install. Maintenance cost is low Good energy efficiency No fuel transportation problem. No requirement of fossil fuel. We can use it at all places according to desired design.

Comparison from other source:- When it is compared in term of cost of production from the other power

generation source such as hydro power or thermal power plant a result

is that ,the cost of electricity generation and storage per mega watt

from speed-breakers will be nearly Rs 10 million as opposed to about

Rs 80 million in thermal or hydro power stations.

Limitations:- Selecting appropriate rating of generator. Selection of springs of certain diameter and certain flexibility. It will be more efficient for heavy vehicle. Thus by increasing

input torque and ultimately output of generator will increase. We have to check mechanism from time to time. An additional space is required for this process. So compact

mechanism will be required.

Conclusion:-In the coming days, demand of electricity will be very high as it

is increasing every day, speed breaker power generator will

be more efficient and economical to the world Future.

More and more power can be generated through these method in the

coming days more improvement may carried out sothat maximum power

can be generated . It will be very efficient method in the coming days

Reference

www.wiki.com www.ijert.com

www.ijesit.com

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