Chapter Outline

Demography: The Study of Population

Population Growth in Global Context

A Brief Glimpse at International Migration Theories

Urbanization in Global Perspective

Chapter Outline

• Perspectives on Urbanization and the Growth of Cities

• Problems in Global Cities

• Urban Problems in the United States

• Rural Community Issues in the United States

• Population and Urbanization in the Future

E S S A Y Q U E S T I O NThere are a number of significant

demographic trends (i.e., population shifts) extant in the U.S. which is altering the population mix in the U.S. Discuss 3 of these major trends; addressing 1 salient cause of and 1 major social consequence for each of these 3 trends.

Demographic Trends/Changes:

Overall Population Minorities,

White Urban Growth (Chapter

19) Younger

Older

Social Consequences:• Tax Burden • Crime Rates• Social Entitlement

Programs (i.e., Medicare, Social Security) will require modification (i.e., mean’s testing)

• Minority Group Presence • Poverty & Disability

U.S. Population Projections

U.S. Population Causal Factors

D E M O G R A P H Y• A subfield of sociology that examines

population size, composition, and distribution.

• Many sociological studies use demographic analysis as a component of the research design because all aspects of social life are affected by demography.

Population ClocksU.S. 306,020,748

World 6,767,031,75918:38 GMT (EST+5) Mar 16, 2009

http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpopinfo.html

Countdown to Census Day: April 1, 2010

What is the Census?

· The census is a count of everyone living in the United States every 10 years. · The census is mandated by the U.S. Constitution. · The next census is in 2010. · Your participation in the census is required by law. · It takes less than 10 minutes to complete. · Federal law protects the personal information you share during the census. ·Census data are used to distribute Congressional seats to states, to make ·decisions about what community services to provide, and to distribute $300 billion in federal funds to local, state and tribal governments each year

http://2010.census.gov/2010census/

U.S. Population Projections: 2005–

2050 Jeffrey S. Passel and

D’Vera Cohn Pew Research Center

Monday, February 11, 2008pewhispanic.org/files/reports/85.pdf -

The Pew Research Center (www.pewresearch.org) is a nonpartisan "fact tank" that provides information on the issues, attitudes and trends shaping America and the world. It does not take positions on policy

issues. Its work is carried out by eight projects, among them the Pew Hispanic Center and the Social

& Demographic Trends project, which together produced this report.

Pew Hispanic Center (www.pewhispanic.org)

Paul Taylor, Acting Director Susan Minushkin, Deputy Director Rakesh Kochhar, Associate Director for Research Mark Lopez, Associate Director Richard Fry, Senior Research Associate Jeffrey S. Passel, Senior Research Associate Gretchen Livingston, Research Associate Felisa Gonzales, Research Assistant Mary Seaborn, Administrative Manager Social & Demographic Trends (www.pewsocialtrends.org) Paul Taylor, Director Richard Morin, Senior Editor April Clark, Research Associate D’Vera Cohn, Senior Writer

Population

• World’s population of 6.4 billion in 2005 is increasing by more than 76 million people per year.

• Between 2000 and 2030, almost all of the world’s population growth will be in low-income countries.

Projected world population figure, year 2040

Growth in the World’s Population

1000 1300 1500 1900 20250

20

40

60

80

Per cent Urban

0

2

4

6

8

10

Billions

http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/pop_socio/pop_socio.html

Cities

• Only about 3% of the world’s population lived in cities 200 years ago, as compared with almost 50% today.

• Current estimates suggest that two out of every three people around the world will live in urban areas by 2050.

Malthusian Perspective

If left unchecked, the population would exceed the available food supply.

Population would increase in a geometric progression (2, 4, 8, …) .

The food supply would increase by an arithmetic progression (1, 2, 3, 4 . . .).

Malthusian Perspective

• Positive Checks: - center on mortality; - famine, disease and war

• Preventative Checks: - limits to fertility; - immigration restrictions.

Demographic Transition Theory