OpenID Bootcamp Tutorial

OSCONJuly 24th, 2007

Simon Willisonsimonwillison.net

[email protected]

Bootcamp

David Recordondavidrecordon.com

[email protected]

http://simonwillison.net


mailto:[email protected]


http://davidrecordon.com




Who are We?

• David Recordon

• VeriSign Employee since May of 2006

• OpenID Foundation Vice-Chair

• Co-Author of various OpenID specifications

• Past employee ofSix Apart, where OpenID was created

Who are We?• Simon Willison

• Ex-Yahoo!, now freelance

• “Europe’s first OpenID consultant”

• Co-creator of the Django Web Framework

The Plan• Basic concepts of OpenID

• Hands on - Creating and using an OpenID

• Adoption, history, and status

• Security concerns

• Break

• Security solutions

• Clever and creative hacks

• OpenID in code

• Q&A

?What is OpenID?

OpenID is a decentralised mechanism

for Single Sign On

?What problemsdoes it solve?

“Too many passwords!”

“Someone else already grabbed my username”

“My online profile is scattered across dozens of sites”

?What is an OpenID?

An OpenID is a URI

http://swillison.livejournal.com/

http://swillison.livejournal.com

http://swillison.livejournal.com

http://simonw.myopenid.com/

http://simonw.myopenid.com

http://simonw.myopenid.com

http://openid.aol.com/simonwillison/



http://simonwillison.net/



?What can you do with an OpenID?

You can claim that you own it

You can provethat claim

?Why is that useful?

You can use it for authentication

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Feedback?

?So it’s a bit like Microsoft Passport,

then?

Yes, at a high level

But you don’t need to ask Microsoft’s permission to

implement it

One organisation doesn’t get to own

everyone’s credentials

And the standard isn’t owned by any one company or group

?Who does get toown them?

You, the user, decide.

You pick your own provider

(just like e-mail)

?So I’m still giving someone the keys to my kingdom?

Yes, but it can be someone you trust

If you have the ability to run your own server

software, you can do it for yourself

We'll show you how to do that a little later on

?OK, how do I use it?

?So my users don’thave to sign up for an

account?

Not necessarily

An OpenID tells youvery little about a user

You don’t knowtheir name

You don’t knowtheir e-mail address

You don’t know if they’re a person or a spambot

(or a dog)

?Where do I get that information from?

You ask them!

OpenID augments your regular sign-up process;

it doesn't replace it

The simple registration extension can help users fill out your registration form

?How can I tell if they’rean evil spambot?

Same as usual: challenge them with a CAPTCHA

botbouncer.com lets you outsource your

CAPTCHAs

?So how does OpenIDactually work?

<link rel="openid.server" href="http://www.myopenid.com/server" />

http://www.myopenid.com/server

http://www.myopenid.com/server

“I’m simonwillison.myopenid.com”

Site fetches HTML,discovers identity provider

Establishes shared secretwith identity provider

(Using Diffie-Hellman key exchange)

Redirects you to the identity provider

If you’re logged in there, you get redirected back

?How does my identityprovider know who I am?

OpenID deliberately doesn’t specify

username/passwordis common

But providers can use other methods if

they want to

Client SSL certificates

Out of band authentication via SMS,

e-mail or Jabber

IP based login restrictions

SecurID keyfobs

The provider’s business is authentication: they can invest much more

effort than regular sites

It’s also possible for a provider to just say

“yes” to every query

?Just say “yes”?

http://www.jkg.in/openid/does this

http://www.jkg.in/openid/

http://www.jkg.in/openid/

Users can give away their passwords today - this is the OpenID equivalent

It's similar tobugmenot.com

?What if I decide I hate my provider?

Use your owndomain name

Delegate to a provider you trust

<link rel="openid.server" href="http://www.livejournal.com/openid/server.bml"><link rel="openid.delegate" href="http://swillison.livejournal.com/">

This minimises lock in and ensures easy portability

?So everyone will end upwith one OpenID that

they use for everything?

Probably not

(I have half a dozen OpenIDs already)

People like maintaining multiple online personas

professionalsocialsecret

...

OpenID makes it easier to manage multiple

online personas

Three accounts is still better than three dozen

Some providers let you host multiple OpenIDs, or create a new one for every site you sign in to

?Why is OpenID worth implementing over all the other identity standards?

It’s simple

Unix philosophy:It solves one,tiny problem

It’s a dumb network

Many of the competing standards are now on

board

?Isn’t putting all myeggs in one basketa really bad idea?

Bad news: chances are you already do

“I forgot my password” means your e-mail

account is already an SSO mechanism

OpenID just makes this a bit more obvious

?What about phishing?

Phishing is a problem

I can has lolcats!? BETA

Make your own lolcats! lol

Sign in with your OpenID:

OpenID: Sign in

http://icanhascheezburger.com/2007/05/16/i-has-a-backpack/



Fake edition

Username and password, please!

Your identity provider

Username:

Password:Log in

Identity theft :(

An untrusted site redirects you to your

trusted provider

Sound familiar?

PayPalYahoo! BBAuthGoogle Auth

Google Checkout

We'll talk about some potential solutions later

?Doesn’t this outsource the security of my users to untrusted third parties?

Yes it does. But...

... so do “forgotten password” e-mails!

If e-mail is secure enough for your user’s

authentication, so is OpenID

Password e-mails are essentially SSO with a bad user experience

?What are the privacy implications?

Cross correlation of accounts

Don’t publish a user’s OpenID without making it clear that you’re going

to do that

Allow users to opt-out of sharing their OpenID

?The online equivalent of a credit reporting agency?

This could be built today by sites conspiring to share e-mail addresses

IANAL, but legal protections against this

already exist

“Directed identity” in OpenID 2.0 makes it easy to use a different OpenID for every site

?Patents?

Sun, VeriSign and JanRain have both announced“patent covenants”

They won’t smack you down with their patents

for using OpenID 1.1

They will smack down anyone else who asserts their own patents against

OpenID

The OpenID Foundation is working

on an IPR Policy

?Who else is involved?

~120M OpenIDs

~4200 RPs

AOL - provider, full consumer very soon

Microsoft: Bill Gates expressed their interest at the RSA conference

(mainly as good PR for CardSpace?)

Sun: Patent Covenant, 33,000 employees

VeriSign

Symantec

37 Signals

Drupal

Plone

Rails

Six Apart

JanRain

...etcwe'll talk about this more

later





• Break



• OpenID in code

• Q&A

http://openid.net/wiki/index.php/OpenIDServers

ClaimID.com

MyOpenID.compip.VeriSignLabs.com

FreeYourID.com

and you may already have one

Creating an OpenID



http://intertwingly.net/blog/2007/01/03/OpenID-for-non-SuperUsers

Jyte.com

Ma.gnolia.com WikiTravel.com

Basecamp.comPlaxo.com

HighRiseHQ.com

Blinksale.com

WetPaint.com

Wikispaces.comToodledo.com

Using Your OpenID

http://openiddirectory.com

http://openiddirectory.com





• Break



• OpenID in code

• Q&A

OpenID 1.1 - Estimated from various services

~12 million OpenIDs

2006

(including every AOL user)

OpenID 1.1 - Estimated from various services

~120 million OpenIDs

0

1,125

2,250

3,375

4,500

Sep '

05 Oct

Nov Dec

Jan '0

6Fe

bMar Apr May

June

July

Aug

(aka places you can login with OpenID)

Sxip

/ Bou

nty

OpenID 1.1 - As viewed by MyOpenID.com

Total Relying Parties

2006

0

1,125

2,250

3,375

4,500

Sep '

05 Oct

Nov Dec

Jan '0

6Fe

bMar Apr May

June

July

Aug Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

Jan '0

7Fe

bMar Apr May

June

July 2

2

(aka places you can login with OpenID)

Sxip

/ Bou

nty

OpenID 1.1 - As viewed by MyOpenID.com

MSFT &

AOL

Web

2.0

Expo

Total Relying Parties

2006

Created by Brad Fitzpatrick (Summer 2005)

Yadis Discovery protocol (Jan 2006)

VeriSign launches OpenID Provider (May)

Convergence with i-names (July)

Convergence with Sxip (Aug.)

$50,000 USD Developer Bounty (Aug.)

Technorati adopts OpenID (Oct.)

Tutorials by Simon Willison (Dec.)

History 2005 & 2006

Mozilla announces intent to support OpenID in FireFox 3 (Jan.)

Microsoft support expressed by Bill Gates and Craig Mundie at RSA Conference keynote (Feb.)

AOL add OpenID to every one of their ~60M accounts (Feb.)

Symantec announces upcoming OpenID products (Feb.)

Digg and NetVibes announce OpenID support (Feb.)

Wordpress.com and 37Signals adopt OpenID (March)

USA Today publishes OpenID article on the Money section front-page (March)

History Q1 2007

Plone 3.0 ships with OpenID support (May)

Sun Microsystems adopts OpenID in enterprise product and provides employees with OpenID (May)

livedoor adds OpenID support (May)

OpenID wins Next Web Award (June)

Leo Laporte and Steve Gibson discuss OpenID (June)

OpenID wins CNET Webware 100 award (June)

Atlassian (makers of enterprise wiki software) supports OpenID (June)

Drupal 6 ships with OpenID support (June)

History Q2 2007

The OpenID Foundation

The purpose of the OpenID Foundation is to foster and promote the development and adoption of OpenID as a framework for

user-centric identity on the Internet.

Scott [email protected]

Dick [email protected]

Johannes [email protected]

David [email protected]

Martin [email protected]

Drummond [email protected]

Bill WashburnExecutive [email protected]

Artur [email protected]

Founding board

















Current efforts

Develop an IPR policy and process for OpenID specifications to keep OpenID free and patent unencumbered

Develop a trademark policy that supports the extended OpenID community

Develop core messaging for OpenID and websites oriented toward developers, users, and other potential adopters

Coordinate World-wide joint marketing and evangelism

OpenID Auth 2.0

• Implementors draft published earlier this year

• Already seen multiple implementations in PHP, Java, Perl, and Python

• Concerns raised from service providers the size of AOL, LiveDoor, Yahoo! around identifier recycling

• Still really close to a final specification





• Break



• OpenID in code

• Q&A

• DNS Security

• Man in the Middle Attacks

• Eavesdropping Attacks

• MAC Key Weakness

• Replay Attacks

Protocol Security

Don't Panic

An untrusted site redirects you to your trusted provider

Not just a problem for OpenID, but also for PayPal, Google Auth and Checkout, Yahoo! BBAuth, AOL

OpenAuth

Phishing

• Browsers have poor support for other means

• Users normally ignore browser chrome

• What extent are they willing to go?

• "Gang Kidnaps Gamer to Get Password Using Fake Orkut Date"

Passwords Can be Stolen

• What if I've never seen the user before?

• What if I know nothing about the OpenID Provider?

"Trust first requires identity" - Brad Fitzpatrick

OpenID does not tell you if a user is good, bad, or even human

Trust

Decoupled Authentication

• What if the user didn't authenticate at all?

• How do I know if they met my policies?

• I need strong authentication!

• The user must authenticate within the past five minutes!





• Break



• OpenID in code

• Q&A





• Break



• OpenID in code

• Q&A

• Use SSL correctly throughout the protocol

• Protects against man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping attacks, and DNS attacks

• Generate strong MAC keys and re-negotiate as needed

• Used to verify data integrity and authenticity of OpenID responses

• Verify NONCEs

• Protects against replay attacks

Protocol security

• Challenge them via a CAPTCHA or email verification

• Even a distributed CAPTCHA

• Use whitelists and blacklists

• Ask someone else whom you trust

"Trust first requires identity" - Brad Fitzpatrick

Trust

Decoupled authentication• OpenID Provider Authentication Policy

Extension, draft published June 2006

• Relying Parties can ask for authentication policies such as "phishing resistant" or "multi-factor"

• Providers can respond with policies the user complied with, time since they authenticated, and strength of the credential(s) used per NIST guidelines

• Still has the question of "trust"

Whitelisting Providers

• OpenID doesn't dictate that a RP accept every OpenID

• Certainly most do

• Might make sense for a bank to whitelist

• Others sites by whitelisting will only hurt themselves by cutting down the number of users who can sign in

• With Yadis Discovery, a user can list multiple providers and a RP can choose which to use

Vidoop(changes the metaphor by removing passwords)

DEMO

Client Side SSL Certificates

DEMO

Microsoft CardSpace(anti-phishing authentication built into the OS)

DEMO

(an OpenID convenience and security add-on for Firefox)

works with

VeriSign's OpenID SeatBelt

• Provide contextual information

• Am I currently logged in and if so as whom?

• Is it safe to login?

• Remove phishing opportunities

• Login when my browser opens

• Take me to my Provider if I'm not logged in

• Protect against common attacks

• Validate SSL certificates when interacting with my Provider

SeatBelt

DEMO

Provide context

Remove opportunities

Protect

the best solutions will be in the browser

Mozilla has said FireFox 3 will include some sort of

OpenID integration

IE Team has posted a job ad mentioning "OpenID""Does the idea of redefining the role of the Internet browser appeal to you? Do the terms HTTP, RSS, Microformats, and OpenID, excite you? If

so, then this just might be the opportunity for you."





• Break



• OpenID in code

• Q&A

Simplified account creation

• The classic OpenID use-case: allow users to create a regular account on your system tied to their OpenID

• Use Simple Registration to pre-fill the signup form

• Let users associate one or more OpenIDs with an existing account

Lightweight accounts

• Sometimes you just need persistent cookies

• Personalisation

• Preference saving

• Anything where users can’t spam you

• http://oscon07.icalico.org/ is a nice example

http://oscon07.icalico.org

http://oscon07.icalico.org

Simplified OpenID login

• Millions of people have OpenIDs but don’t know what OpenID is

• Offer them a sign-in form specific to their provider

• Construct the OpenID behind the scenes

Internal SSO

• Restrict your internal applications to only accept corporate assigned OpenIDs

• Requires an internal OpenID server

• Wikis, bug trackers, blog engines...

• Applications need to be able to whitelist OpenIDs that match a certain pattern

• http://(\w+).internal.example.com/

Portable contact lists

• Re-adding your friends on every social network completely sucks

• The Facebook platform shows the importance of being able to build even trivial applications on top of an existing network

• An OpenID is globally unique; it’s the ideal hook for building a reusable friend list

Contact list options

• FOAF

• RDF format, exported by LiveJournal

• Currently adding a new “openid” field

• XFN

• Microformat for listing relationships

• Can be embedded directly in HTML

... <foaf:knows> <foaf:Person> <foaf:nick>bradfitz</foaf:nick> <foaf:member_name>Brad Fitzpatrick</foaf:member_name> <foaf:tagLine></foaf:tagLine> <foaf:image>http://userpic.livejournal.com/21628/1</foaf:image> <rdfs:seeAlso rdf:resource="http://bradfitz.livejournal.com/data/foaf" /> <foaf:weblog rdf:resource="http://bradfitz.livejournal.com/"/> </foaf:Person> </foaf:knows> ...

http://daveman692.livejournal.com/data/foaf

http://userpic.livejournal.com/21628/1

http://userpic.livejournal.com/21628/1

http://bradfitz.livejournal.com/data/foaf

http://bradfitz.livejournal.com/data/foaf

http://bradfitz.livejournal.com

http://bradfitz.livejournal.com

http://jyte.com/api/group/djangonauts/roster


<ul> <li><a href="http://jane-blog.example.org/" rel="date met">Jane</a></li> <li><a href="http://dave-blog.example.org/" rel="friend met">Dave</a></li> <li><a href="http://darryl-blog.example.org/" rel="friend met">Darryl</a></li></ul>

http://gmpg.org/xfn/intro

http://jane-blog.example.org

http://jane-blog.example.org

http://dave-blog.example.org

http://dave-blog.example.org

http://darryl-blog.example.org

http://darryl-blog.example.org



Pre-approved accounts

• Collaboration apps (private wikis, multi-author blogs, Google Docs etc) often let you “invite” new members to your project

• With OpenID, you can pre-approve their ability to log in without needing to create them a username and password

Social whitelists

• A potential mechanism for tackling blog comment spam

• Create a list of OpenIDs that can skip your spam filter

• Share that list with your friends

• Allow people on their lists to skip your spam filters as well

• http://simonwillison.net/2007/Jan/22/whitelisting/

http://simonwillison.net/2007/Jan/22/whitelisting/

http://simonwillison.net/2007/Jan/22/whitelisting/

Group syndication

• A combination of social whitelisting and pre-approved accounts

• Syndicate groups as a list of OpenIDs

• www.jyte.com does this

• Tell another application that “anyone who is a member of that group can sign in”

http://www.jyte.com

http://www.jyte.com

http://www.jacobian.org/http://groovymother.com/http://rodbegbie.sxipper.com/http://cygnus.myopenid.com/http://www.b-tree.org/http://root.b-tree.org/http://jlam.idproxy.net/http://claimid.com/jlamhttp://openid.aol.com/jlameudaemonhttp://jlam.vox.com/http://jlam.livejournal.com/http://adamh.openid.pl/http://robhudson.myopenid.com/http://recombiant.com/public/yadis.xrdfhttp://bradpitcher.livejournal.com/http://kristate.myopenid.com/http://michele.campeotto.net/http://mderk.livejournal.com/http://meangrape.myopenid.com/http://telenieko.com/http://eas.myopenid.com/http://geekfun.livejournal.com/http://www.pauladamsmith.com/http://teknico.myopenid.com/http://adamendicott.com/http://simonwillison.net/http://azuer88.myopenid.com/http://lightlan.myopenid.com/

jyte.com/api/group/djangonauts/roster

http://rodbegbie.sxipper.com

http://rodbegbie.sxipper.com

http://cygnus.myopenid.com

http://cygnus.myopenid.com

http://www.b-tree.org

http://www.b-tree.org

http://root.b-tree.org

http://root.b-tree.org

http://jlam.idproxy.net

http://jlam.idproxy.net

http://claimid.com/jlam

http://claimid.com/jlam

http://openid.aol.com/jlameudaemon

http://openid.aol.com/jlameudaemon

http://jlam.vox.com

http://jlam.vox.com

http://jlam.livejournal.com

http://jlam.livejournal.com

http://adamh.openid.pl

http://adamh.openid.pl

http://robhudson.myopenid.com

http://robhudson.myopenid.com

http://recombiant.com/public/yadis.xrdf

http://recombiant.com/public/yadis.xrdf

http://bradpitcher.livejournal.com

http://bradpitcher.livejournal.com

http://kristate.myopenid.com

http://kristate.myopenid.com

http://michele.campeotto.net

http://michele.campeotto.net

http://mderk.livejournal.com

http://mderk.livejournal.com

http://meangrape.myopenid.com

http://meangrape.myopenid.com

http://telenieko.com

http://telenieko.com

http://eas.myopenid.com

http://eas.myopenid.com

http://geekfun.livejournal.com

http://geekfun.livejournal.com

http://www.pauladamsmith.com

http://www.pauladamsmith.com

http://teknico.myopenid.com

http://teknico.myopenid.com

http://adamendicott.com

http://adamendicott.com



http://azuer88.myopenid.com

http://azuer88.myopenid.com

http://lightlan.myopenid.com

http://lightlan.myopenid.com



Provider-specific services• OpenIDs from different providers can tell

you different things about a user

• An AOL OpenID “proves” their IM details

• A LiveJournal OpenID lets you discover their RSS, FOAF and LJ Jabber account

• A last.fm OpenID could indicate their taste in music

• Another reason to allow multiple OpenIDs to be associated with a single account

Identity projection

• A related concept

• OpenID lets you project your identity from one service to another

• If you can prove to site X that you are a user of site Y, what new things can you build?

• Lots of opportunities for interesting mashups here

Build a decentralised reputation network

• eBay users build up a trusted reputation over time

• Imagine if reputation could be tied to an OpenID, and aggregated by crawlers

• This wouldn’t punish the bad guys (who would just get a new OpenID), but it would reward the good guys

• Jyte lets you vote on claims about OpenIDs

Being a consumerand a provider

• Not as crazy as you might think

• Letting users sign in with OpenID is a no-brainer

• Providing OpenID as a way of proving ownership of a profile page is also useful

• You could even automatically delegate to the OpenID that they used to sign in

Proxies for proprietary authentication APIs

• Google, Yahoo! and Facebook all provide proprietary authentication APIs

• If they're supporting an authentication API, why don't they just support OpenID?

• You can set yourself up as a proxy between their protocol and OpenID





• Break



• OpenID in code

• Q&A

Detailed protocol flow

associate

• Back-channel between RP and Provider

• Used to establish a shared secret used for message signing

• HMAC style key calculated with SHA1 or SHA256

• Can use Diffie-Hellman or be in the clear if using SSL

checkid_setup

• Front-channel via browser redirects

• Send the user to their Provider with an OpenID request

• Provider authenticates and prompts user

• Responds with a "yes" or "cancel"

checkid_immediate

• Front-channel via browser redirects

• Send the user to their Provider with an OpenID request

• Provider immediately responds with a "yes" or "no"

• Good for AJAX type setups or "single logout"

check_authentication

• Back-channel between RP and Provider

• Used to verify a signature if there was not an existing association

• Also used to verify a signature if the Provider told the RP to invalidate the existing association

http://leancode.com http://www.windley.com

As a drawing

http://leancode.com

http://leancode.com

http://www.windley.com

http://www.windley.com

Creating an OpenID with your own server

* *************************************************************************** * * CONFIGURATION * *************************************************************************** * * You must change these values: * auth_username = login name * auth_password = md5(username:realm:password) * * Default username = 'test', password = 'test', realm = 'phpMyID' */

#$profile = array(# 'auth_username' => 'test',# 'auth_password' => '37fa04faebe5249023ed1f6cc867329b'#);

/* * Optional - Simple Registration Extension: * * If you would like to add any of the following optional registration * parameters to your login profile, simply uncomment the line, and enter the * correct values. * * Details on the exact allowed values for these paramters can be found at: * http://openid.net/specs/openid-simple-registration-extension-1_0.html */

#$sreg = array (# 'nickname' => 'Joe',# 'email' => '[email protected]',# 'fullname' => 'Joe Example',# 'dob' => '1970-10-31',# 'gender' => 'M',# 'postcode' => '22000',# 'country' => 'US',# 'language' => 'en',# 'timezone' => 'America/New_York'#);

http://openid.net/specs/openid-simple-registration-extension-1_0.html




* *************************************************************************** * * CONFIGURATION * *************************************************************************** * * You must change these values: * auth_username = login name * auth_password = md5(username:realm:password) * * Default username = 'test', password = 'test', realm = 'phpMyID' */

$profile = array( 'auth_username' => 'david', 'auth_password' => 'e0fee9a99fa2fe004bbd70b972a03aa1');


#$sreg = array (# 'nickname' => 'Joe',# 'email' => '[email protected]',# 'fullname' => 'Joe Example',# 'dob' => '1970-10-31',# 'gender' => 'M',# 'postcode' => '22000',# 'country' => 'US',# 'language' => 'en',# 'timezone' => 'America/New_York'#);





$profile = array( 'auth_username' => 'david', 'auth_password' => 'e0fee9a99fa2fe004bbd70b972a03aa1');


$sreg = array ( 'nickname' => 'daveman692', 'email' => '[email protected]', 'fullname' => 'David Recordon', 'dob' => '1986-09-04', 'gender' => 'M', 'postcode' => '941458', 'country' => 'US', 'language' => 'en', 'timezone' => 'America/Los_Angeles');

Configure Profile Data





<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>David Recordon</title><style> div { text-align: center; color: #C0C0C0; } img { border: 0px; } a { color: #C0C0C0; }</style>

<link rel="openid.server" href="http://www.davidrecordon.com/myid.php" /><link rel="openid.delegate" href="http://www.davidrecordon.com/myid.php" />

</head>

(source of www.davidrecordon.com)

Configure Delegation

http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml

http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml

https://pip.verisignlabs.com/server




http://siege.org/projects/phpMyID/

Done!

Time to configure and upload phpMyID:

~5 Min

http://cal.web2expo.com


Enabling a Rails app

OpenID enabling iCalico

http://oscon.icalico.org/

Existing users: Sign in and click the the "add OpenID" link at the top right

New users: Click "login" and sign in with your OpenID, skipping the signup process :)

Thanks Brian Ellin of JanRain



Tools Used

• iCalicio by Kellan Elliot-McCrea and Evan Henshaw-Plath

• Ruby and Rails

• gem install ruby-openid

iCalico User Model

• Stores login name and hashed password

• We need to add an optional OpenID column

1 class AddOpenId < ActiveRecord::Migration 2 def self.up 3 add_column :users, :openid, :string 4 add_index :users, [:openid], :name => :users_openid_index 5 end 6 7 def self.down 8 remove_column :users, :openid 9 end 10 end

Now for the best practice

1 class AddOpenId < ActiveRecord::Migration 2 def self.up 3 create_table :openids do |t| 4 t.column :identifier, :string 5 t.column :user_id, :int 6 end 7 end 8 9 def self.down 10 drop_table :openids 11 end 12 end

• Should allow multiple OpenIDs...though is slightly more complex

1 class User < ActiveRecord::Base 2 has_many :openids 3 end

Using the OpenID Library

1 def consumer 2 store_dir = Pathname.new(RAILS_ROOT).join('db').join('openid-store') 3 store = OpenID::FilesystemStore.new(store_dir) 4 return OpenID::Consumer.new(session, store) 5 end

• FilesystemStore saved OpenID transaction state• OpenID::Consumer handles the protocol details

1 <h2>Or, login with OpenID</h2> 2 <%= start_form_tag(:controller=>'account', :action => 'openid_start') %> 3 <p><label for="openid_identifier">OpenID</label><br/> 4 <%= text_field_tag 'openid_identifier' %></p> 5 <%= submit_tag 'OpenID Login' %> 6 <%= end_form_tag %>

<input name="openid_identifer" />

Add OpenID UI

Handle Login Form Submit 1 def openid_start 2 openid_request = consumer.begin(params[:openid_identifier]) 3 4 case openid_request.status 5 when OpenID::SUCCESS 6 return_to = url_for(:action => 'openid_finish') 7 trust_root = url_for(:controller => '') 8 server_redirect_url = openid_request.redirect_url(trust_root, return_to) 9 redirect_to(server_redirect_url) 10 11 when OpenID::FAILURE 12 flash[:notice] = "Could not find your OpenID server." 13 redirect_back_or_default(:controller => '/account', :action => 'index') 14 15 end 16 end

(we’ll handle the server response at the return_to URL)

1. Discover2.Associate3. Redirect

Redirect to OpenID Provider

Handle Server Response 1 def openid_finish 2 openid_response = consumer.complete(params) 3 4 case openid_response.status 5 when OpenID::SUCCESS 6 openid = openid_response.identity_url 7 @user = User.find_by_openid(openid) 8 9 unless @user 10 @user = User.create(:openid => openid, :login => openid) 11 end 12 self.current_user = @user 13 flash[:notice] = "Welcome #{@user.openid}" 14 15 when OpenID::FAILURE 16 flash[:notice] = 'Verification failed.' 17 end 18 19 redirect_back_or_default(:controller => 'talk', :action => 'list') 20 end

http://oscon.icalico.org/

Done!

Time to implement OpenID in iCalico:

45 minutes



OpenID and Django

django-openid

• http://code.google.com/p/django-openid

• Convenient wrapper around JanRain library

• Currently provides tools for consuming OpenID

http://code.google.com/p/django-openid

http://code.google.com/p/django-openid

def index(request): if request.openid: # User is signed in with OpenID ... else: # User is not signed in return HttpResponseRedirect('/openidlogin/')

request.openid = most recently signed in OpenIDrequest.openids = ALL signed in OpenIDs

Additional features

• Simple registration support

• request.openid.sreg['email']

• Coming soon...

• Tie in with django.contrib.auth.User

• Easy creation of an OpenID provider

Best practices for OpenID relying parties

• OpenID extends rather than replaces your existing user accounts system

• Two key steps:

• Allow existing users to associate one or more OpenIDs with their account

• Allow new users to sign up using an OpenID to jump-start the process

• Provide an interface for adding and removing OpenIDs from an account

• Don’t let users associate an OpenID without first authenticating it

• Don’t let users delete the last OpenID associated with their account without having a password set (or they’ll lock themselves out)

Existing accounts

• Use Simple Registration, if available, to pre-fill fields in your registration form

• Not all providers support Simple Registration

• Don’t assume that e-mail addresses etc from Simple Registration are accurate - you may still want to send a verification e-mail

• Don’t assume the user is a human being - challenge with a CAPTCHA or use botbouncer.com

New accounts

Simple Registration• nickname

• email

• fullname

• dob

• gender

• postcode

• country

• language

• timezone

Some providers (or users) may provide just a subset of this information





• Break



• OpenID in code

• Q&A

http://openid.net/http://planet.openid.net/

Thanks!

OSCONJuly 24th, 2007

Simon Willisonsimonwillison.net

[email protected]

David Recordondavidrecordon.com

[email protected]









Technology

OpenID Bootcamp Tutorial