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New communication protocols: application and implementation, by OPAL-RT
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New communication protocols
Applications & Implementation
Contents
Why such protocols ?
General view
DNP3
C37.118
OPC
IEC 61850
IRIG-B
Why such protocols ?
Traditionally Power generated by small number of large power stations
Flows on distribution network are one way : from producer to consumer
Smart grids Decentralizing energy generation (renewable)
Optimizing distribution (capacity, efficiency)
Offering better consumer service (reliability)
Add ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) to the network, in order to allow the communication between « smart » devices
Why such protocols ?
Cost effective infrastructure Communication buses instead of point to point connections
Interoperability Bigger amount of data Easier data exchange betweed IEDs Data exchange between manufacturers
Configuration & flexibility Data can be centralized or scattered IEDs can be reconfigured without affecting infrastructure
Long term Future evolutions made easier Follow improvements in communication protocols technology and customers
requirements
New protocols and interoperability
DNP3
Overview
IEEE Standard for Electric Power Systems Communications: Distributed Network Protocol (IEEE Std 1815TM-2012)
Achieve interoperability between substations and master stations for the electric utility, water, transportation and gas industries
Typical DNP3 diagram
IED : Intelligent Electronic deviceRTU : Remote Terminal UnitEMS : Energy Management System
DNP3 applications
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)
Can report measurements and status from the electrical network
May be responsible for controlling devices on the electrical network
SCADA systems and Control Centers, DMS and EMS systems
End user can monitor the network and take required actions
DNP3 features
Can report/control data of more than 200 IEDs
Bi-directional (report data and control devices)
Support both polled and unsolicited modes
Support analog and digital data types
Event oriented data reporting
High data integrity
Configurable scan period to detect data changes
Configurable event buffer size
C37.118
Overview
IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems: C37.118 (IEEE C37.118TM-2005)
Covers synchronized phasor measurements used in electric power systems
Typical C37.118 diagram
PDC : Phasor Data Concentrator
C37.118 / PMU applications
Phasor Measurement Unit simulation for wide area measurement and control.
Data acquisition for Power System Automation
Power system automation, as in smart grids
Load shedding and other load control techniques as demand response mechanisms
Increase reliability of the grid by detecting faults
Prevention of power outages
Analysis and correction of sources of degradation
C37.118 / PMU features
Can handle 128 phasor inputs (128 magnitudes & 128 angles), 128 analog inputs and 128 digital inputs
GPS synchronization (with Spectracom Tsync bus-level-timing board)
Supported protocols : TCP, UDP
Configurable nominal frequency (50 or 60 Hz)
Configurable data reporting rate
Timestamp resolution given by the model step size
Number of simulated PMU limited by network card throughput, model step size and core resources
OPC
Overview
1996 : Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for Process Control
Since Nov 2011 : « Open Platform Communications »
Designed to provide a common bridge for process control devices from different manufacturers
Typical OPC diagram
OPC applications
HMI : Panorama, PCVue, WonderWare
SCADA, control systems, EMS, DMS
PowerFactory, DigSilent, ETAP, …
Simulation of a large network with a
number of conventionally controlled
generation units together with a
fuzzy-controller implemented at a specific
plant
IEC 61850
Overview
Sampled Values (IEC61850-9.2-LE): digital communication interface implementation to non conventional instrument transformers
GOOSE provides a fast and reliable mechanism of transferring event data over entire substation networks
Power system IEC 61850
Typical IEC 61850 diagram
Power system IEC 61850
Features Support of Sampled Values Publisher/Subscriber
50Hz – 60 Hz / 80 samples per cycle
GPS time stamping for Goose messages and SV synchronization
Several data types supported within Goose message (boolean, (un)signed integer, float 32/64, structure)
IRIG-B
Overview Inter-Range Instrumentation Group, US organization which defines standards
for time coding
IRIG-B : pulse rate is 100 PPS (10 ms)
Typical IRIG-B diagram
Typical IRIG-B diagram
Features
Spectracom TSync PCIe board
Synchronized timecode reader/generator
Generates external signal synchronized with model calculation step time
40 ns pulse width
Other specific communication protocols available
CanOpen communication protocol for Woodward valve controller simulation
Foundation Fieldbus H1 communication protocol for sensor simulation (Temperature, Pressure sensors …)
Reflective Memory (RFM) using Dolphin high-speed communication boards
FlexRay to govern on-board automotive computing. Faster and more reliable than CAN (Controller Area Network)
Next …
AFDX - data network for safety-critical avionic applications
Ethercat - open high performance Ethernet-based fieldbus system
Gateway protocol converter (IEC101-104, IEC61850-MMS, …)
Thank you !
Questions ?