1:ASSIGNMENT

ON

OFFICE AUTOMATION, TYPES, OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEM

SUBMITTED TO (MR.INAM UL HAQ)

WAQAS ISRAR

AFZAL BABUR

MBA 3RD

SESSION (2012-2016)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. What is Office Automation?

2: Advantages of office automation Diagram of office automation

2. Types Of Office Automation

a. Document management systems

Word processing Difference between typewriter and word processing Desktop publishing Principle of good design Image processing system Reprographics

b. Message handling systems

Telex Fax Teletext Video text Electronic mail Advantages Dis advantages

c. Teleconferencing systems

Audio teleconferencing Video conferencing Computer conferencing Telecommuting

3. Office Information System

diagram of ois

4. Pros And Cons Of Office automation system

What is office automation?

3:Office automation refers to the varied computer machinery and software used to digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic tasks. Raw data storage, electronic transfer, and the management of electronic business information comprise the basic activities of an office automation system.

1. Office automation helps in optimizing or automating existing office procedures.

2. The backbone of office automation is a LAN, which allows users to transmit data, mail and even voice across the network. All office functions, including dictation, typing, filing, copying, fax, Telex, microfilm and records management, telephone and telephone switchboard operations, fall into this category. As office methods evolved to take full advantage of new technologies, there was a corresponding increase in innovations tailor-made to optimize office processes.

3. Office automation was a popular term in the 1970s and 1980s as the desktop computer exploded onto the scene.

Office automation is intended to provide elements which make it possible to simplify, improve, and automate the organization of the activities of a company or a group of people.For example: management of administrative data, synchronization of meetings, etc.

If considering that company organizations require increased communication, today, office automation is no longer limited to simply capturing handwritten notes. In particular, it also includes the following activities:

Exchange of information Management of administrative documents Handling of numerical data Meeting planning and management of work schedules

Advantages of office automation are

1. Office automation can get many tasks accomplished faster.2. It eliminates the need for a large staff.3. Less storage is required to store data.4. Multiple people can update data simultaneously in the event of changes in

schedule 

4:

Diagram of ONE USER INTERFACE (AUTOMATION)

5:

Types of office automation system

6:There are three major types/categories of office applications are:

1. Document management systems

2. Message handling systems

3. Teleconferencing systems

1. Document management systems

a) Word processing

Word processing: software lets you create, edit, store, retrieve, and print a text document. Let us examine each part of the definition.

Text document: is any text that can be keyed in, such as a memo, letter, fax, and thesis.

Creation: is the original composing and keying in of the document,

Editing: is making changes to the document to fix errors or improve its content, like deleting a sentence, correcting a misspelled name, or moving a paragraph.

Formatting: refers to adjusting the appearance of the document to make it look appropriate and attractive. For example, centralize the heading, make wider margins, or use of double spacing.

Storing: the document means saving it on disk so it can be accessed on demand.

Retrieving: the document means bringing the stored document from disk back into computer memory so it can be used again or changed some way.

Printing: is producing the document on paper, using a printer connected with the computer.

Difference between typewriter and word processing

7:Some people think that WP is a glorified typing, but there are many advantages of WP on typewriter. The main difference between the typewriter and WP is the separation of typing from printing; when you use WP, typing the document and printing the document do not occur at the same time; you print the document on the paper whenever you like. Perhaps you want to print an intermediate draft, just to see how it looks, and then continue making changes.

Second difference between WP and typewriter is that you can save/store your keyed data when you use a word processing package. You can make changes as you go along, or even at some later time, and print out a revised or perfect copy. The key difference here is that only the changes themselves are retyped, not the entire document.

The ability to print at will and to store work distinguishes WP from typewriter. But these are not the only two hallmarks. A word processing package is a sophisticated tool with many options, which are as follows:

b) Desktop Publishing

8:Desktop publishing (DTP) enables you to produce well-designed pages that combine charts and graphics with text and headlines in a variety off typefaces, it lets you to do all this at your desk, without a ruler, pen or paste.

Desktop publishing is software involve, using a microcomputer, mouse, scanner, laser or Ink Jet printer, for mixing text,, and graphics to produce high quality output for commercial printing.

The features of DTP include:

Text Graph Colors Sound Animation

Principle of Good Design

Desktop publishing programmers put many different fonts and images at your disposal, but you can overwhelm a document if you crowd too much on to a page. The guidelines that follow will help get favorable reviews for you and your document:

Use only two or three typefaces in a document. Be conservative: Limit the use of decorative or unusual typefaces. Use different sizes and styles of one typeface to distinguish between

different heading levels, rather than several typefaces. Avoid cluttering a document with fancy border and symbols. Do not use type that is too small to read easily just to fit everything on one

page.

c) Image Processing System

9:Some firms have large volume of documents that must be maintained in files so that the information can be retrieved when needed. Insurance companies and banks fit in to this category. Initially these firms maintained files in paper form, but the space requirement became intolerable. The solution was to store an image of the document rather than the document itself. This office automation application (AO) has recently being given the name imaging processing system and is currently stimulating the most interest.

Image processing system is also called electronic image management system, allow users to electronically capture, store, process, and retrieve images of documents. These documents may include text, numeric data, handwriting, graphics and photographs. In some cases these may be part of the same document.

Image processing technology promises to reduce the problem of paper overload by providing information management with more efficient use of physical storage space and increased productivity.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR), scanners are used to convert paper or microfilm records to a digital format for storage in secondary storage devices. Once stored, the images can be retrieved for displaying or printing.

Image processing system is used in problem solving when it is necessary to review historical documents for the purpose of understanding a problem. An operator accesses the document management system from a workstation and produces a hardcopy output for the manager.

d) Reprographics

Reprographics is the process of reproducing multiple copies of a document. Office personnel are usually responsible for making more than one copy of a report, letter, or other documents. When documents are widely distributed, either internally or externally, reprographics often includes collating, folding, binding, or related tasks.

Multiple copies may be made in various ways. When only a few copies are required, it may be cost effective to print out multiple copies using the printer attached to the computer. Most of the time, however, photocopier is used.

2. Message Handling Systems

10:a) Telex

Telex is the service, which enables user to transmit and receive printed messages over a telephone line. Users have to be telex subscribers, with their own telex equipment and code number, in order to send or receive messages. The telex service started in 1930 and from the mid-1970s it developed significantly as an international message transmission system.Data transmission speed as compare to other methods of telecommunication is very slow and only a restricted set of characters can be used in messages.

b) Fax

Fax machine connected to a telephone, uses computer technology and communications links to send quality graphics, charts, text and handwritings almost everywhere in the world. The sending material (paper) is placed in the fax machine at one end, where it is digitized. Those digits are transmitted across the miles and then reassembled at the other end to form identical version of the original. All this activity takes only minute or less.Personal computer users can send and receive faxes directly by means of a fax/modem. The only missing ingredient in the scheme is paper.Fax is not only faster than overnight delivery services, but it is also less expensive. Fax contributes to problem solving by sending documents to member of the problem solving team quickly and easily, regardless of their geographic location.

c) Teletext

Teletext is a system for supplying commercial and other information through existing television networks. The data such as news, weather, sports reports, stock market data, airline and train schedules, TV guides etc. is transmitted via a television channel at the same time that the channel is being used to broadcast conventional television.

d) Video text (view data)

11:Video text or View data gives a home user access to information in databases via a personal computer or converted television set. The method of Access is via telephone lines, coaxial cable, or optical fiber.

Videotext is similar to Teletext in that it provides electronic reference to material but there are two main differences.

Firstly it is available to subscribers only. Secondly it provides two-way communication. This means that users can

interrogate the data held in the system and also supply information to it. The system uses a combination of telephones, computers, television, and communication networks.

e) Electronic mail

E-mail is the process of sending messages directly from one computer to another. In this system the sender transmits the message over the telephone network to a central computer, which allocates disk storage to act as an electronic mail box for each user. Using a password for secret purposes the user then can collect the message when required.

Advantages:

Speed: (electronic transmission is almost instantaneous) Economy: (no speed for stamp, labor, paper) Efficiency: (a message is prepared once but can be sent to thousands at

the touch of a button) Security: (access can be restricted by the use of password) Document can be retrieved and stored to word processing and graphic

packages. Electronic delivery and receipt can be requested.

Disadvantages:

The necessity for users to have a terminal close at hand, otherwise messages can't be received or sent.

Electronic mail handles only one-way communication. However, if you desire two-way conversation, you must either send multiple e-mail messages back and forth or use another medium.

The limitation of only being able to communicate with registered users, but not with other parties.

12:3. Teleconferencing Systems

The term teleconferencing refers to electronic meetings that involve people who are at physically different sites. Telecommunication technology systems allow meeting participants to interact with one another without traveling to the same location. The major types of teleconferencing exist:

a. Audio teleconferencing

b. Video conferencing

c. Computer conferencing

d. Telecommuting

a) Audio teleconferencing

Audio teleconferencing (conference phone calls) enables participants to hear each other only. A speakerphone may be used at one or more locations to allow groups to participate in the meeting. Audio teleconferencing is by far the least expensive.

b) Video conferencing

Want to have a meeting with someone across the country .and go over some documents, without having to go there? Videoconferencing is a method whereby people in different geographical locations can have a meeting, and see and hear one another, using computers and communications.Videoconferencing systems range from small videophones to group conference rooms with cameras and multimedia equipment. The system combines voice and television images that allow two or more groups to interact with one another. Video teleconferencing was first widely demonstrated in 1964 at New York's World Fair when AT&T introduced its picture-phone

c) Computer conferencing

13:Computer conferencing involves computer terminals and E-mail or electronic Bulletin boards. Conference participants broadcast messages to each other (or post them on a common electronic bulletin board) participants do not have to be present to receive messages. The messages are keyed in and then displayed on computer screens hence; the "conversations" that take place are electronic. Computer conferencing is a method of sending, receiving, and storing typed messages within a network of users.

d) Telecommuting

Improvements in data communications, increased power of PCs and changes in working practices are leading to the spread of telecommuting. This allows employees to work at home using computer equipment, which is linked via the public communications network to computers in head office.

14:

Office information system

An office information system, or OIS (pronounced oh-eye-ess), is an information system that uses hardware, software and networks to enhance work flow and facilitate communications among employees.  Win an office information system, also described as office automation; employees perform tasks electronically using computers and other electronic devices, instead of manually.  With an office information system, for example, a registration department might post the class schedule on the Internet and e-mail students when the schedule is updated.  In a manual system, the registration department would photocopy the schedule and mail it to each student’s house. An office information system supports a range of business office activities such as creating and distributing graphics and/or documents, sending messages, scheduling, and accounting.  All levels of users from executive management to non-management employees utilize and benefit from the features of an OIS. The software an office information system uses to support these activities include word processing, spreadsheets, databases, presentation graphics, e-mail, Web browsers, Web page authoring, personal information management, and groupware.  Office information systems use communications technology such as voice mail, facsimile (fax), videoconferencing, and electronic data interchange (EDI) for the electronic exchange of text, graphics, audio, and video.  An office information system also uses a variety of hardware, including computers equipped with modems, video cameras, speakers, and microphones, scanners and fax machines. 

15:Diagram of office information system

PROS AND CONS OF OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEM

16:

Advantages

Office automation can get many tasks accomplished faster

It eliminating the need for a larger staff

Less storage space is required for data

Copies can be easily transferred off site for safekeeping in case of fire or other emergency

Multiple people can be updated simultaneously in the event of schedule changes

Disadvantages

older staff members may have a harder time adjusting to the new technology and be unable to use it efficiently

it can be a lot harder to find

amount of money required to implement

the cost of maintenance of certain equipment